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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction导学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction导学案，共22页。学案主要包含了即学活用，易混辨析，句式解构，名师点津，要点拾遗，文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Reading and Thinking
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1. science fiction 科幻小说
2. get a bonus 得到奖金
3. his wisdom and integrity 他的智慧和正直
4. treat sb. with dignity 尊敬地对待某人
5. have an appointment 有个约会
6. paint nails 涂指甲油
7. a successful saleswoman 一名成功的女推销员
8. a light suspended from the celling 悬在天花板上的灯
9. dismiss workers 解雇工人
10. declare war 宣战
11. fall off the ladder 从梯子上掉下来
Ⅱ. 选词填空
test out, more like, take notes, experiment with, or rather, go downtown, fall off, in time
1. He shall not get so angry. What we have gotten here is more like a quarrel than a debate.
2. By the end of June, China had built 410, 000 5G base stations, laying a foundation for local companies to experiment with new applications.
3. He studied till late last night, or rather, early this morning.
4. The press is now being given a chance to test out the new device.
5. I’ve no objection to that. Even when you take notes as we talked, it’s easy to miss something.
6. If they can’t get it to us in time, we’ll just have to do without.
7. The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.
8. Could you please tell me which bus I should take to go downtown?
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Characters:
Larry Belmont: An employee at a robot 1. company.
Claire: Larry Belmont’s 2. wife.
Tony: A 3. robot.
Gladys Claffern: Claire’s neighbour.
Storyline:
Para. 1 A robot is to be tested out.
Para. 2 The robot , Tony, is tested out in Claire’s 4. house.
Para. 3 Tony can serve breakfast.
Para. 4 Tony can show 5. sympathy to Claire.
Para. 5 Tony can read books.
Para. 6 Tony helps Claire improve her 6. makeup and helps her gain respect.
Para. 7 Tony gives Claire a good suggestion.
Para. 8 Tony protects Claire from falling off the ladder.
Para. 9 Tony expresses his heart/love to Claire.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house?
A. It is an extra benefit. B. It is his responsibility.
C. It helps improve his house. D. It can make Claire happy.
2. How did Claire feel when Tony offered to help her get dressed?
A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Guilty. D. Embarrassed.
3. Why does Tony work on the house improvement?
A. Because Claire wants to hold a party in her house.
B. Because Claire plans to give Larry a surprise.
C. Because Claire doesn’t think it good enough for Larry.
D. Because Claire intends to make the best of Tony.
4. What does Gladys Claffern think of the relationship between Claire and Tony?
A. Friends. B. Lovers. C. Relatives. D. Colleagues.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Tony falls in love with Claire.
B. Tony will have a rest that night.
C. Tony will stay with Claire forever.
D. Tony, the robot needs to be improved.
答案: 1～5. ADCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially
主语 谓语 宾语 补语
as her husband would be away on a business trip for
状 语 从 句
three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot
并列连词 主语 谓语 宾语
wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
宾 语 从 句
译文: 克莱尔不想让机器人出现在她的家里, 尤其是因为她的丈夫要出差三个星期, 但是拉里说服了她, 机器人不会伤害她, 也不会允许她受到伤害。
2. 根据课文内容填空
A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house (1)to be tested (test) out. He looked like a real man, tall and handsome with smooth hair (2)and a deep voice. Not only did he look like a human, but he (3)behaved (behave) like a real man. He did everything to comfort Claire. He prepared breakfast in (4)the morning. He even tried to help Claire get (5)dressed (dress), which made Claire feel embarrassed. When he heard that Claire was not (6)satisfied (satisfy) with her house, he began to improve it. When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady, he helped to improve (7)her (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by (8)holding (hold) a party at home.
Tony was only a robot, but he could do and think (9)exactly (exact) like a real man. He even fell in love with his hostess, Claire, near the end of the test. (10)What an excellent science fiction it is!
3. 阅读主题活动
Talk about the following questions in pairs and find out the best answer.
(1)Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why?
No, I don’t think that a person would love a robot. Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.
(2)What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future?
A robot will become the right-hand man of humans and can do almost everything under the command of man.
要点精研·素养奠基
1. experiment with 用……做实验
*She picked up the microphone and began to experiment with the switches.
她拿起话筒, 开始试拨开关。
*Supposing you want to experiment with electricity, what materials would you use?
假设你想做关于电的实验, 你需要什么材料呢?
(1)experiment v. 做实验
experiment on/ upon. . . 在……上做实验
(2)experiment n. 实验, 试验; 尝试
do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment
做实验
an experiment in sth. 某方面的试验
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Many small businesses were anxious to experiment with computers.
(2)No matter how great the difficulty is, we should experiment on this kind of product successfully.
(3)Scientists have been conducting laboratory experiments (experiment) for 20 years to explore this possibility.
(4)She bought a cook book and followed it as carefully as if she were doing an experiment in physics.
2. test out 检验; 测试
*Working in the research institute gave me a chance to test out some of the latest ideas in economics.
在这所研究所里工作使我有机会全面检验一下经济学方面的某些最新观点。
*We are not ready to go into production yet. The new switch mechanism is not fully tested out.
我们还没有准备投产。新的开关装置尚在试验过程中。
(1)test sb. /sth. (for sth. )
(为……而)测验/考查/试验/检查/化验某人/物
test sth. 考验……, 测试……
test sth. out 对……进行检测
(2)test n. 测验; 考查
take / do a test 参加测验
pass/fail a test 通过╱没有通过测验
put sb. /sth. to the test 使……受考验; 使……受检验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)There is no doubt that higher-risk professions and communities should be the first to be tested(test).
(2)The model must be tested out before you put the product on sale.
(3)The recent quarrels in the artistic circles will put both sides to the test.
3. bonus n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
*To show our appreciation for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢, 我们要给你发奖金。
*In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 25 yuan per month.
除工资外, 他每月还有二十五元钱的奖金。
bonus n. 奖金; 红利; 额外津贴
annual bonus 年终分红
year-end bonus 年终奖金, 年终额外补贴
cash bonus 现金红利
Holiday Bonus 假日礼物
【易混辨析】“奖金、回报”集萃
bonus
强调额外的回报, 奖金之类
reward
强调应得的回报, 报酬
award
(在某方面杰出而受到认可的)奖品, 奖(项)
prize
(比赛、竞赛中获得的)奖品, 奖金
【即学活用】选词填空(award/prize/reward/bonus)
(1)The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.
(2)The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
(3)The actor won an Academy Award for his role in the film.
(4)First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
4. appointment n. 预约; 约会; 委任
*She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4: 15.
她安排了一个约会, 时间是星期五下午4: 15。
*If you phone for an appointment in advance, it’ll save you waiting.
如果你提前电话预约, 就不用等了。
*I hope you don’t mind me stopping in like this, without an appointment.
我没有事先约定就冒昧拜访, 希望你别介意。
(1)make an appointment with sb. 与某人做约定
have an appointment 有约会
keep/break an appointment with. . . 守/违(爽)约
(2) appoint sb. as/to be. . . 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3) appointed adj. 被委任的, 指定的, 约定的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Patients can make an appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
(2)I’d like to set up a doctor’s appointment (appoint)as soon as possible.
(3)I am very sorry, I will not be able to keep my appointment with you on Thursday.
(4)Our visitors arrived at the appointed(appoint)time.
5. dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇; 清除
* In consequence of his bad work, I was forced to dismiss him.
他工作表现不好, 所以我只好辞退他。
*He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts.
他尽量不去想她, 然而无济于事。
*Emil tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts.
艾米尔竭力从心头排除掉这些可怕的想法。
dismiss sb. / sth. (as) 开除; 解雇; 摒弃; 对……不屑一提
dismiss sth. from 去除; 消除; 摒除
dismiss sb. from 解雇; 免职; 开除
dismiss fear from one’s mind 消除某人心里的恐惧
【即学活用】写出下列句中黑体词的含义
(1)Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family. (解雇)
(2)Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother’s cheque. (摒除)
(3)At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed. (解散)
(4)Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense. (不予考虑)
6. declare vt. 表明; 宣称; 公布; 申报
*We must declare war against gang of terrorists.
我们必须向恐怖集团宣战。
*We declare these goods to be of China origin.
我们声明这些产品的原产地为中国。
*You must declare your camera at the Customs.
你必须在海关申报你的照相机。
declare for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare. . . to be/as. . . 宣布……为/是……
declare that. . . 宣告; 宣称
nothing to declare 绿色通道; 不需报关
【易混辨析】
declare
正式用法, 用于比较严肃和重大的场合
announce
一般用法, 生活中常见的通知, 宣布(结果, 决定等)
claim
用于发表个人意见, 索赔, 认领等
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①The opening of the 13th National Games of PRC was declared (declare) on August 27, 2017 in Tianjin.
②The government has declared war on/against drug dealers.
③The students declare against cheating in exams.
(2)She declared that she didn’t want to forgive him.
她宣称她不想原谅他。
(3)Soon they will declare her to be/as the leader of the company.
很快他们就会宣布她为公司的领导人。
7. whereas conj. 然而; 但是; 尽管
*The truth is that the local hospitals and laboratories charge around HK$1, 500 to 3, 000 per test, whereas the test used on the mainland costs only HK$15.
事实是, 当地医院和实验室的每次检测收费在港币1 500至3 000元之间, 而内地的检测收费仅为港币15元。
*His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子们很有教养, 但他姐姐的孩子们却调皮得很。
表示转折或对比的词常见的有:
however adv. 无论如何; 不管怎样; 然而; 可是
while conj. (对比两件事物)而; 虽然, 尽管
nevertheless adv. /conj. 然而, 不过; 虽然如此
but conj. 但是; 而是; 然而
yet conj. 但是; 然而
【即学活用】
(1) Some of the studies show positive results, whereas /while others do not.
一些研究显示了积极的结果, 而另一些则没有。
(2) The winter in Beijing is very cold while/whereas that of Kunming is warm.
北京的冬天很冷, 而昆明的冬天很暖和。
8. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来, 就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
【句式解构】该句为倒装句。引起完全倒装的几种情形:
(1)时间、地点、方位副词位于句首。
(2)介词短语位于句首。
(3)作表语的分词、不定式、形容词等位于句首。
*There stands an old temple which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
这里矗立着一座追溯到明代的古寺。
*In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我们的图书馆坐落于学校的中心, 就在花园和教学楼中间。
*Present at the evening party was our favourite English teacher.
我们最喜欢的英语老师出席了晚会。
【名师点津】
当主语是人称代词时, 不用倒装语序。
In he came and the lesson began.
他走进来开始上课。
【即学活用】
(1)In the front of the stage stood a famous singer.
台前站着一位著名歌手。
(2)Among these people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
(3)Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.
参观长城的有200名美国大学生。
(4)The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
门开了, 史密斯先生走了进来。
【要点拾遗】
1. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.
被她发现是多么可怕啊, 克莱尔想。
【句式解构】该句为How 引导的感叹句, 除此之外, what也可以引导感叹句。
(1)how引导的感叹句结构如下:
①How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
*How fast he runs!
他跑得多快啊!
②How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*How beautiful a girl she is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
③How +主语+谓语!
*How time flies! 光阴似箭!
(2)what引导的感叹句结构:
①What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*What a nice present it is!
这是一件多么好的礼物啊!
② What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
*What beautiful flowers they are!
它们是多么漂亮的花啊!
③What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
*What fine weather it is today!
今天天气多好啊!
【即学活用】选词填空(what/how)
(1)What beautiful music we are listening to!
(2)What an interesting subject it is!
(3)How happily the dolphin is playing!
(4)How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
2. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他建议她在他即将离开, 拉里即将回来的前一天晚上邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友们到家里来。
【句式解构】
suggest后面的宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。表示“要求, 建议, 命令”意义的动词, 后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”虚拟语气, should可以省略。常见的这类动词有: insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask 等。
*He insisted that I (should) go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。
*He ordered that it (should) be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
*The doctor advised (suggested) that he (should) not smoke.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
【即学活用】
(1)He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.
他建议我们留下吃饭。
(2)It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed next time.
有人提议这事下次再讨论。
(3)他要求我出场。
译: He requires that I (should) appear.
1. The whole idea of comparing different countries’ death rates is absurd, as this is not a death competition.
比较不同国家死亡率的整个想法是荒谬的, 因为这不是一场死亡竞赛。
2. On issues concerning China’s core interests and national dignity, there is simply no room for us to back down.
在涉及中国核心利益和民族尊严的问题上, 我们没有退路。
3. In the capital Tokyo, 263 new infections were confirmed. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike said she would declare a state of emergency in the capital if necessary.
在首都东京, 有263名新感染者被确诊。东京都知事小池百合子(Yuriko Koike)说, 如果有必要, 她将宣布东京进入紧急状态。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1. It certainly wasn’t as good as other science fiction(科幻)films I’ve ever seen.
2. Several retail stores later opened in nearby towns, providing a bonus(红利)to villagers.
3. It is ridiculous(荒谬的)that people can jump to such conclusions without any factual evidence to back them up.
4. From that simple truth students learn to respect the dignity(尊严)of every single person.
5. Even if the epidemic(流行病)is over, visitors have to make an appointment(预约) before entering a scenic spot.
6. We presume you are guilty(有罪的), unless you can prove otherwise; and we decide if you have done so.
7. Shenzhen checked all chain stores of the supermarket, which were ordered to suspend(暂缓) business and online sales.
8. He was dismissed(解雇)from the service for his careless behaviors.
9. If you insist, we have to declare(宣布)the meeting off.
10. Nearly 40 percent of the respondents express concern about the law, whereas(然而) 58 percent say they are not worried at all.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. He wished to test out the item before selling it.
他希望在出售前先检验一下这件商品。
2. The space suit he wears had a name in science fiction even before it existed in reality.
他所穿的航天服, 甚至在制成之前, 科学幻想小说中就有这个叫法了。
3. For Chinese applicants, the first step in applying for a visa is to make an appointment by calling 65325305.
对于申请(赴美)签证的中国人来说, 第一步是通过拨打电话65325305来预约面谈时间。
4. If you violate the rules here, we shall have to dismiss you from the post.
如果你违反了这里的规定, 我们将不得不开除你。
5. Some people like coffee, whereas/while others like tea.
有人喜欢咖啡, 然而也有人喜欢茶。
6. I’ve got a new flat, or rather a large room.
我有一套新住房, 或者更确切地说, 有一个大房间。
7. It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。
8. Peter’s parents (have) changed their attitude toward the captain’s daughter Maria.
彼得的父母改变了对上尉的女儿, 玛利亚的看法。
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 我曾经梦想着在家里拥有一个机器人来照顾(look after)我的一切。
2. 虽然我们家里已经有许多机器帮我们干活, 但会说话, 会思考的机器仍然处于检测(test out)阶段。
3. 我相信, 很快, 家庭机器人将不再是虚构的小说(science fiction), 而是科学现实。
I used to dream of having a robot at home to look after everything for me. Although we already have a lot of machines working for us at home, the talking, thinking machines are still being tested out in labs. In my view, soon, home robots will no longer be a science fiction but a scientific fact.
课时素养评价
一 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The new robot is going to be tested (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
2. Jack didn’t answer my question and his facial(face)expression didn’t change.
3. The boy felt embarrassed(embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher.
4. I think both of them will be glad to accompany (accompany) our honored guest.
5. People are discouraged from participating in too many on-site appointments (appointment) in order to stop further spread of the virus.
6. By the side of the temple there stands (stand) the Druggist Pagoda.
7. They have suspended(suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods.
8. It is better to dismiss(dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesn’t work hard.
9. Are you carrying any items that need to be declared (declare)?
10. We’ll be arriving (arrive) by car about ten o’clock on Friday night.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
test out, experiment with, on a business trip, more like, look after, or rather, go downtown, in time, come up with, make an appointment with
1. She behaves towards me more like a friend than a mother.
2. I am going on a business trip with my boss tomorrow.
3. The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
4. We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.
5. Scientists experimented with military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel.
6. Americans, or rather Afro - Americans are good at jazz music.
7. It is necessary for you to make an appointment with the doctor before you go to see him.
8. Based on this plan, the municipal government has come up with 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far.
9. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident.
10. I will need to go downtown to the Bank this afternoon.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It’s ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets.
我们已经拿到了票, 居然还要排队, 这很可笑。
2. I am firmly persuaded that (说服)such is the fact.
3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(锁着门).
4. I admire his talent (欣赏他的才华) for putting different elements, colors and layers into contemporary and functional fashion design.
5. He was drawn on by the hope of improving his own social position (提高自己的社会地位)and that of his family.
6. This company promised to offer (承诺提供)real-time tourism product inventory with competitive prices to its competitors.
7. The picture was nailed on the wall so that we could remind ourselves of our goals.
这张照片被钉在墙上, 以便于我们可以提醒自己我们的目标。
8. Through effort on our part, some of them may change their attitude(改变他们的态度), but perhaps not all can do so.
9. On the top of the mountain stands an ancient tower(矗立着一座古塔).
10. Much to our amazement, they declared war on us(对我们宣战).
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn’t a problem for robots.
This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point”—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson---for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.
In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine(隔离期). In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus. Ultraviolet-light-disinfection (紫外线消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards.
“Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection, ” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark’s UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robots, told Forbes. “We can’t build these robots fast enough. ”
In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don’t have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonald’s are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers.
According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies---even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk, ” Ford told the BBC.
But this sudden surge (激增) in robot demand doesn’t mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.
It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.
【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。通过实例说明机器人的用途: 在与新冠病毒疫情作斗争中发挥作用, 能代替人类做一些人类所不能做的工作等, 但这不代表机器人最终能代替人类。机器人的确有优点, 但仍然在人类互动上略输一筹。
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantages of robots compared to humans.
B. Different views toward applying robots to fight against COVID-19.
C. Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.
D. The important role humans play in certain areas.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“这正是为什么新冠疫情爆发被看作是机器人在某些特定的工作中开始代替人类的转折点的原因。”及下文接着讲机器人是如何代替人类做一些特定工作的。可以推断出新冠疫情的爆发, 实际上促进了机器人的使用、发展和壮大, 故选C。
2. What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text?
A. They can be repaired when damaged.
B. They test people for coronavirus more precisely.
C. They never get tired and can replace doctors and nurses.
D. They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. ”可知, 机器人不会生病, 它们不受新冠病毒的伤害, 所以受到人们的欢迎。故选D。
3. What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots?
A. Its benefits are appealing and lasting.
B. Machines are less disturbing than humans.
C. It poses a threat to human employment.
D. There are some risks with the use of robots.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据未来主义者马丁·福特的观点, 使用更多的机器人而不是更多的劳动力能够证明这对公司是有回报的。哪怕是在疫情结束以后。可知选A。
4. What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?
A. The demand for robots is too great to meet.
B. Human interaction is essential in some areas.
C. Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.
D. Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知机器人虽然可以替代人类做一些事情, 但仅限于做一些机械的工作, 比如日常事务等。而在人类情感交流方面, 机器人却达不到要求。这说明人与人之间最重要的超越机器人的品质就是能够互动。因此文章最后一段提到也许机器人在某些特定的品质上优于人类, 但它们在人类互动上仍然略输一筹。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secrets of People Who Stay Happy in Setbacks (挫折)
Bad things happen both personally and professionally. In the face of these setbacks, some people seem to fall apart, while others find ways to move forward and continue to get things done. Are there things you can do to be resilient (有适应力的)? 1
Understand what you can control and what you can’t. The first is to be clear about what factors are under your control. 2 As you are occupied in those actions, you will find that you feel better about your work and will also be more productive.
Surround yourself with people even if you don’t feel like it. Next, engage with other people. When you are sad or stressed, you often don’t want to be around others. 3 When you talk about what is making you sad or anxious, you often find that other people have had similar experiences that they can share. In addition, social connection is motivating and can help you to focus on tasks that need to be done.
4 Finally, go out of your way to give a positive interpretation (理解) of the actions of others. Your negative thoughts will influence the interpretation you give to their actions that can cause you to interact with their anger or mistrust. They will notice your attitude and treat you accordingly. Similarly, when you interpret the actions of other people positively, you are more likely to create good interactions with others.
5 They will also help you feel better, because each success you have will boost your attitude toward the future.
A. Look for an easy win.
B. Give everyone the benefit of the doubt.
C. The answer to this question is yes—to a point.
D. But there are several advantages to social engagement.
E. Focus on actions you can take that will make your situation better.
F. These strategies will help you to minimize the influence of bad events on your life.
G. Instead, find something in your work life that you can complete quickly and successfully.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者谈论了在挫折中保持快乐的秘密。
1. 【解析】选C。上文提到: 你是否可以做些什么来提升适应力呢? 这里提出了一个问题, 该空回答这个问题。C选项“在某种程度上, 这个问题的答案是肯定的”很好地承接了上文。选项中的this question是关键词, 指代上文中提出的问题。
2. 【解析】选E。上文提到“首先要清楚哪些因素在你的控制之下。”该空“专注于你可以采取的行动, 这会让你的处境变得更好。”这正是上文“清楚在你控制之下的因素”的具体体现。E选项中的make your situation better对应下文中的feel better about your work and will also be more productive。
3. 【解析】选D。上文, 当你感到悲伤或有压力时, 你通常不想和别人在一起。设空处表示转折, 但是, 参加社交活动是有好处的。D选项承接上下文, 选项中的social engagement 对应下文中的that other people have had similar experiences that they can share。
4. 【解析】选B。下文“最后, 对别人的行为做出积极的解释。”B选项“假定每个人都是无辜的”适合作本段落的小标题, 选项中的“benefit”对应下文中的positive。
5. 【解析】选F。下文“它们也会让你感觉更好, 因为每一次成功都会提升你对未来的态度。”下文“will also help”对应F选项中的“will help”, 下文是对该空进一步的说明。
阅读理解
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components, ” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day to day basis. ”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发, 创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机器苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域, 这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫控制提供了一种新方法。
1. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难, 那就是这些组件都不是现成的, 所以我们必须自己开发。”由此可知, 工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。
2. What do we know about the robotic fly?
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中“each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to. (每一个单独的必须运行良好, 然后必须很好地匹配它所连接的一切。)”可推知, 机器苍蝇需要各部分协作发挥作用。故选D。
3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题, 你知道, 用动物来研究生物学很难, 可以用这些机器人来代替”可知, 伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Development of Robotic Fly
B. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C. Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要内容是机器苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作, 故选D。
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Reading and Thinking
词汇积淀·素养初探
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1. science fiction 科幻小说
2. get a bonus 得到奖金
3. his wisdom and integrity 他的智慧和正直
4. treat sb. with dignity 尊敬地对待某人
5. have an appointment 有个约会
6. paint nails 涂指甲油
7. a successful saleswoman 一名成功的女推销员
8. a light suspended from the celling 悬在天花板上的灯
9. dismiss workers 解雇工人
10. declare war 宣战
11. fall off the ladder 从梯子上掉下来
Ⅱ. 选词填空
test out, more like, take notes, experiment with, or rather, go downtown, fall off, in time
1. He shall not get so angry. What we have gotten here is more like a quarrel than a debate.
2. By the end of June, China had built 410, 000 5G base stations, laying a foundation for local companies to experiment with new applications.
3. He studied till late last night, or rather, early this morning.
4. The press is now being given a chance to test out the new device.
5. I’ve no objection to that. Even when you take notes as we talked, it’s easy to miss something.
6. If they can’t get it to us in time, we’ll just have to do without.
7. The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam.
8. Could you please tell me which bus I should take to go downtown?
阅读精研·素养构建
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Characters:
Larry Belmont: An employee at a robot 1. company.
Claire: Larry Belmont’s 2. wife.
Tony: A 3. robot.
Gladys Claffern: Claire’s neighbour.
Storyline:
Para. 1 A robot is to be tested out.
Para. 2 The robot , Tony, is tested out in Claire’s 4. house.
Para. 3 Tony can serve breakfast.
Para. 4 Tony can show 5. sympathy to Claire.
Para. 5 Tony can read books.
Para. 6 Tony helps Claire improve her 6. makeup and helps her gain respect.
Para. 7 Tony gives Claire a good suggestion.
Para. 8 Tony protects Claire from falling off the ladder.
Para. 9 Tony expresses his heart/love to Claire.
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house?
A. It is an extra benefit. B. It is his responsibility.
C. It helps improve his house. D. It can make Claire happy.
2. How did Claire feel when Tony offered to help her get dressed?
A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Guilty. D. Embarrassed.
3. Why does Tony work on the house improvement?
A. Because Claire wants to hold a party in her house.
B. Because Claire plans to give Larry a surprise.
C. Because Claire doesn’t think it good enough for Larry.
D. Because Claire intends to make the best of Tony.
4. What does Gladys Claffern think of the relationship between Claire and Tony?
A. Friends. B. Lovers. C. Relatives. D. Colleagues.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Tony falls in love with Claire.
B. Tony will have a rest that night.
C. Tony will stay with Claire forever.
D. Tony, the robot needs to be improved.
答案: 1～5. ADCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially
主语 谓语 宾语 补语
as her husband would be away on a business trip for
状 语 从 句
three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot
并列连词 主语 谓语 宾语
wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
宾 语 从 句
译文: 克莱尔不想让机器人出现在她的家里, 尤其是因为她的丈夫要出差三个星期, 但是拉里说服了她, 机器人不会伤害她, 也不会允许她受到伤害。
2. 根据课文内容填空
A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house (1)to be tested (test) out. He looked like a real man, tall and handsome with smooth hair (2)and a deep voice. Not only did he look like a human, but he (3)behaved (behave) like a real man. He did everything to comfort Claire. He prepared breakfast in (4)the morning. He even tried to help Claire get (5)dressed (dress), which made Claire feel embarrassed. When he heard that Claire was not (6)satisfied (satisfy) with her house, he began to improve it. When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady, he helped to improve (7)her (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by (8)holding (hold) a party at home.
Tony was only a robot, but he could do and think (9)exactly (exact) like a real man. He even fell in love with his hostess, Claire, near the end of the test. (10)What an excellent science fiction it is!
3. 阅读主题活动
Talk about the following questions in pairs and find out the best answer.
(1)Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why?
No, I don’t think that a person would love a robot. Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.
(2)What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future?
A robot will become the right-hand man of humans and can do almost everything under the command of man.
要点精研·素养奠基
1. experiment with 用……做实验
*She picked up the microphone and began to experiment with the switches.
她拿起话筒, 开始试拨开关。
*Supposing you want to experiment with electricity, what materials would you use?
假设你想做关于电的实验, 你需要什么材料呢?
(1)experiment v. 做实验
experiment on/ upon. . . 在……上做实验
(2)experiment n. 实验, 试验; 尝试
do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment
做实验
an experiment in sth. 某方面的试验
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Many small businesses were anxious to experiment with computers.
(2)No matter how great the difficulty is, we should experiment on this kind of product successfully.
(3)Scientists have been conducting laboratory experiments (experiment) for 20 years to explore this possibility.
(4)She bought a cook book and followed it as carefully as if she were doing an experiment in physics.
2. test out 检验; 测试
*Working in the research institute gave me a chance to test out some of the latest ideas in economics.
在这所研究所里工作使我有机会全面检验一下经济学方面的某些最新观点。
*We are not ready to go into production yet. The new switch mechanism is not fully tested out.
我们还没有准备投产。新的开关装置尚在试验过程中。
(1)test sb. /sth. (for sth. )
(为……而)测验/考查/试验/检查/化验某人/物
test sth. 考验……, 测试……
test sth. out 对……进行检测
(2)test n. 测验; 考查
take / do a test 参加测验
pass/fail a test 通过╱没有通过测验
put sb. /sth. to the test 使……受考验; 使……受检验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)There is no doubt that higher-risk professions and communities should be the first to be tested(test).
(2)The model must be tested out before you put the product on sale.
(3)The recent quarrels in the artistic circles will put both sides to the test.
3. bonus n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
*To show our appreciation for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
为了对你的辛勤工作表示感谢, 我们要给你发奖金。
*In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 25 yuan per month.
除工资外, 他每月还有二十五元钱的奖金。
bonus n. 奖金; 红利; 额外津贴
annual bonus 年终分红
year-end bonus 年终奖金, 年终额外补贴
cash bonus 现金红利
Holiday Bonus 假日礼物
【易混辨析】“奖金、回报”集萃
bonus
强调额外的回报, 奖金之类
reward
强调应得的回报, 报酬
award
(在某方面杰出而受到认可的)奖品, 奖(项)
prize
(比赛、竞赛中获得的)奖品, 奖金
【即学活用】选词填空(award/prize/reward/bonus)
(1)The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.
(2)The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
(3)The actor won an Academy Award for his role in the film.
(4)First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
4. appointment n. 预约; 约会; 委任
*She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4: 15.
她安排了一个约会, 时间是星期五下午4: 15。
*If you phone for an appointment in advance, it’ll save you waiting.
如果你提前电话预约, 就不用等了。
*I hope you don’t mind me stopping in like this, without an appointment.
我没有事先约定就冒昧拜访, 希望你别介意。
(1)make an appointment with sb. 与某人做约定
have an appointment 有约会
keep/break an appointment with. . . 守/违(爽)约
(2) appoint sb. as/to be. . . 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3) appointed adj. 被委任的, 指定的, 约定的
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Patients can make an appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
(2)I’d like to set up a doctor’s appointment (appoint)as soon as possible.
(3)I am very sorry, I will not be able to keep my appointment with you on Thursday.
(4)Our visitors arrived at the appointed(appoint)time.
5. dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇; 清除
* In consequence of his bad work, I was forced to dismiss him.
他工作表现不好, 所以我只好辞退他。
*He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts.
他尽量不去想她, 然而无济于事。
*Emil tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts.
艾米尔竭力从心头排除掉这些可怕的想法。
dismiss sb. / sth. (as) 开除; 解雇; 摒弃; 对……不屑一提
dismiss sth. from 去除; 消除; 摒除
dismiss sb. from 解雇; 免职; 开除
dismiss fear from one’s mind 消除某人心里的恐惧
【即学活用】写出下列句中黑体词的含义
(1)Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family. (解雇)
(2)Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother’s cheque. (摒除)
(3)At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed. (解散)
(4)Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense. (不予考虑)
6. declare vt. 表明; 宣称; 公布; 申报
*We must declare war against gang of terrorists.
我们必须向恐怖集团宣战。
*We declare these goods to be of China origin.
我们声明这些产品的原产地为中国。
*You must declare your camera at the Customs.
你必须在海关申报你的照相机。
declare for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare. . . to be/as. . . 宣布……为/是……
declare that. . . 宣告; 宣称
nothing to declare 绿色通道; 不需报关
【易混辨析】
declare
正式用法, 用于比较严肃和重大的场合
announce
一般用法, 生活中常见的通知, 宣布(结果, 决定等)
claim
用于发表个人意见, 索赔, 认领等
【即学活用】(1)语法填空
①The opening of the 13th National Games of PRC was declared (declare) on August 27, 2017 in Tianjin.
②The government has declared war on/against drug dealers.
③The students declare against cheating in exams.
(2)She declared that she didn’t want to forgive him.
她宣称她不想原谅他。
(3)Soon they will declare her to be/as the leader of the company.
很快他们就会宣布她为公司的领导人。
7. whereas conj. 然而; 但是; 尽管
*The truth is that the local hospitals and laboratories charge around HK$1, 500 to 3, 000 per test, whereas the test used on the mainland costs only HK$15.
事实是, 当地医院和实验室的每次检测收费在港币1 500至3 000元之间, 而内地的检测收费仅为港币15元。
*His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子们很有教养, 但他姐姐的孩子们却调皮得很。
表示转折或对比的词常见的有:
however adv. 无论如何; 不管怎样; 然而; 可是
while conj. (对比两件事物)而; 虽然, 尽管
nevertheless adv. /conj. 然而, 不过; 虽然如此
but conj. 但是; 而是; 然而
yet conj. 但是; 然而
【即学活用】
(1) Some of the studies show positive results, whereas /while others do not.
一些研究显示了积极的结果, 而另一些则没有。
(2) The winter in Beijing is very cold while/whereas that of Kunming is warm.
北京的冬天很冷, 而昆明的冬天很暖和。
8. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来, 就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
【句式解构】该句为倒装句。引起完全倒装的几种情形:
(1)时间、地点、方位副词位于句首。
(2)介词短语位于句首。
(3)作表语的分词、不定式、形容词等位于句首。
*There stands an old temple which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
这里矗立着一座追溯到明代的古寺。
*In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我们的图书馆坐落于学校的中心, 就在花园和教学楼中间。
*Present at the evening party was our favourite English teacher.
我们最喜欢的英语老师出席了晚会。
【名师点津】
当主语是人称代词时, 不用倒装语序。
In he came and the lesson began.
他走进来开始上课。
【即学活用】
(1)In the front of the stage stood a famous singer.
台前站着一位著名歌手。
(2)Among these people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
(3)Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.
参观长城的有200名美国大学生。
(4)The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
门开了, 史密斯先生走了进来。
【要点拾遗】
1. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.
被她发现是多么可怕啊, 克莱尔想。
【句式解构】该句为How 引导的感叹句, 除此之外, what也可以引导感叹句。
(1)how引导的感叹句结构如下:
①How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
*How fast he runs!
他跑得多快啊!
②How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*How beautiful a girl she is!
她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
③How +主语+谓语!
*How time flies! 光阴似箭!
(2)what引导的感叹句结构:
①What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
*What a nice present it is!
这是一件多么好的礼物啊!
② What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
*What beautiful flowers they are!
它们是多么漂亮的花啊!
③What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
*What fine weather it is today!
今天天气多好啊!
【即学活用】选词填空(what/how)
(1)What beautiful music we are listening to!
(2)What an interesting subject it is!
(3)How happily the dolphin is playing!
(4)How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
2. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他建议她在他即将离开, 拉里即将回来的前一天晚上邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友们到家里来。
【句式解构】
suggest后面的宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。表示“要求, 建议, 命令”意义的动词, 后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”虚拟语气, should可以省略。常见的这类动词有: insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask 等。
*He insisted that I (should) go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。
*He ordered that it (should) be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
*The doctor advised (suggested) that he (should) not smoke.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
【即学活用】
(1)He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.
他建议我们留下吃饭。
(2)It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed next time.
有人提议这事下次再讨论。
(3)他要求我出场。
译: He requires that I (should) appear.
1. The whole idea of comparing different countries’ death rates is absurd, as this is not a death competition.
比较不同国家死亡率的整个想法是荒谬的, 因为这不是一场死亡竞赛。
2. On issues concerning China’s core interests and national dignity, there is simply no room for us to back down.
在涉及中国核心利益和民族尊严的问题上, 我们没有退路。
3. In the capital Tokyo, 263 new infections were confirmed. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike said she would declare a state of emergency in the capital if necessary.
在首都东京, 有263名新感染者被确诊。东京都知事小池百合子(Yuriko Koike)说, 如果有必要, 她将宣布东京进入紧急状态。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语
1. It certainly wasn’t as good as other science fiction(科幻)films I’ve ever seen.
2. Several retail stores later opened in nearby towns, providing a bonus(红利)to villagers.
3. It is ridiculous(荒谬的)that people can jump to such conclusions without any factual evidence to back them up.
4. From that simple truth students learn to respect the dignity(尊严)of every single person.
5. Even if the epidemic(流行病)is over, visitors have to make an appointment(预约) before entering a scenic spot.
6. We presume you are guilty(有罪的), unless you can prove otherwise; and we decide if you have done so.
7. Shenzhen checked all chain stores of the supermarket, which were ordered to suspend(暂缓) business and online sales.
8. He was dismissed(解雇)from the service for his careless behaviors.
9. If you insist, we have to declare(宣布)the meeting off.
10. Nearly 40 percent of the respondents express concern about the law, whereas(然而) 58 percent say they are not worried at all.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. He wished to test out the item before selling it.
他希望在出售前先检验一下这件商品。
2. The space suit he wears had a name in science fiction even before it existed in reality.
他所穿的航天服, 甚至在制成之前, 科学幻想小说中就有这个叫法了。
3. For Chinese applicants, the first step in applying for a visa is to make an appointment by calling 65325305.
对于申请(赴美)签证的中国人来说, 第一步是通过拨打电话65325305来预约面谈时间。
4. If you violate the rules here, we shall have to dismiss you from the post.
如果你违反了这里的规定, 我们将不得不开除你。
5. Some people like coffee, whereas/while others like tea.
有人喜欢咖啡, 然而也有人喜欢茶。
6. I’ve got a new flat, or rather a large room.
我有一套新住房, 或者更确切地说, 有一个大房间。
7. It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。
8. Peter’s parents (have) changed their attitude toward the captain’s daughter Maria.
彼得的父母改变了对上尉的女儿, 玛利亚的看法。
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 我曾经梦想着在家里拥有一个机器人来照顾(look after)我的一切。
2. 虽然我们家里已经有许多机器帮我们干活, 但会说话, 会思考的机器仍然处于检测(test out)阶段。
3. 我相信, 很快, 家庭机器人将不再是虚构的小说(science fiction), 而是科学现实。
I used to dream of having a robot at home to look after everything for me. Although we already have a lot of machines working for us at home, the talking, thinking machines are still being tested out in labs. In my view, soon, home robots will no longer be a science fiction but a scientific fact.
课时素养评价
一 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The new robot is going to be tested (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
2. Jack didn’t answer my question and his facial(face)expression didn’t change.
3. The boy felt embarrassed(embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher.
4. I think both of them will be glad to accompany (accompany) our honored guest.
5. People are discouraged from participating in too many on-site appointments (appointment) in order to stop further spread of the virus.
6. By the side of the temple there stands (stand) the Druggist Pagoda.
7. They have suspended(suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods.
8. It is better to dismiss(dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesn’t work hard.
9. Are you carrying any items that need to be declared (declare)?
10. We’ll be arriving (arrive) by car about ten o’clock on Friday night.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
test out, experiment with, on a business trip, more like, look after, or rather, go downtown, in time, come up with, make an appointment with
1. She behaves towards me more like a friend than a mother.
2. I am going on a business trip with my boss tomorrow.
3. The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
4. We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.
5. Scientists experimented with military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel.
6. Americans, or rather Afro - Americans are good at jazz music.
7. It is necessary for you to make an appointment with the doctor before you go to see him.
8. Based on this plan, the municipal government has come up with 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far.
9. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident.
10. I will need to go downtown to the Bank this afternoon.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It’s ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets.
我们已经拿到了票, 居然还要排队, 这很可笑。
2. I am firmly persuaded that (说服)such is the fact.
3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(锁着门).
4. I admire his talent (欣赏他的才华) for putting different elements, colors and layers into contemporary and functional fashion design.
5. He was drawn on by the hope of improving his own social position (提高自己的社会地位)and that of his family.
6. This company promised to offer (承诺提供)real-time tourism product inventory with competitive prices to its competitors.
7. The picture was nailed on the wall so that we could remind ourselves of our goals.
这张照片被钉在墙上, 以便于我们可以提醒自己我们的目标。
8. Through effort on our part, some of them may change their attitude(改变他们的态度), but perhaps not all can do so.
9. On the top of the mountain stands an ancient tower(矗立着一座古塔).
10. Much to our amazement, they declared war on us(对我们宣战).
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn’t a problem for robots.
This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point”—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson---for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.
In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine(隔离期). In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus. Ultraviolet-light-disinfection (紫外线消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards.
“Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection, ” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark’s UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robots, told Forbes. “We can’t build these robots fast enough. ”
In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don’t have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonald’s are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers.
According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies---even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk, ” Ford told the BBC.
But this sudden surge (激增) in robot demand doesn’t mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.
It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.
【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。通过实例说明机器人的用途: 在与新冠病毒疫情作斗争中发挥作用, 能代替人类做一些人类所不能做的工作等, 但这不代表机器人最终能代替人类。机器人的确有优点, 但仍然在人类互动上略输一筹。
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantages of robots compared to humans.
B. Different views toward applying robots to fight against COVID-19.
C. Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.
D. The important role humans play in certain areas.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“这正是为什么新冠疫情爆发被看作是机器人在某些特定的工作中开始代替人类的转折点的原因。”及下文接着讲机器人是如何代替人类做一些特定工作的。可以推断出新冠疫情的爆发, 实际上促进了机器人的使用、发展和壮大, 故选C。
2. What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text?
A. They can be repaired when damaged.
B. They test people for coronavirus more precisely.
C. They never get tired and can replace doctors and nurses.
D. They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. ”可知, 机器人不会生病, 它们不受新冠病毒的伤害, 所以受到人们的欢迎。故选D。
3. What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots?
A. Its benefits are appealing and lasting.
B. Machines are less disturbing than humans.
C. It poses a threat to human employment.
D. There are some risks with the use of robots.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据未来主义者马丁·福特的观点, 使用更多的机器人而不是更多的劳动力能够证明这对公司是有回报的。哪怕是在疫情结束以后。可知选A。
4. What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?
A. The demand for robots is too great to meet.
B. Human interaction is essential in some areas.
C. Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.
D. Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知机器人虽然可以替代人类做一些事情, 但仅限于做一些机械的工作, 比如日常事务等。而在人类情感交流方面, 机器人却达不到要求。这说明人与人之间最重要的超越机器人的品质就是能够互动。因此文章最后一段提到也许机器人在某些特定的品质上优于人类, 但它们在人类互动上仍然略输一筹。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secrets of People Who Stay Happy in Setbacks (挫折)
Bad things happen both personally and professionally. In the face of these setbacks, some people seem to fall apart, while others find ways to move forward and continue to get things done. Are there things you can do to be resilient (有适应力的)? 1
Understand what you can control and what you can’t. The first is to be clear about what factors are under your control. 2 As you are occupied in those actions, you will find that you feel better about your work and will also be more productive.
Surround yourself with people even if you don’t feel like it. Next, engage with other people. When you are sad or stressed, you often don’t want to be around others. 3 When you talk about what is making you sad or anxious, you often find that other people have had similar experiences that they can share. In addition, social connection is motivating and can help you to focus on tasks that need to be done.
4 Finally, go out of your way to give a positive interpretation (理解) of the actions of others. Your negative thoughts will influence the interpretation you give to their actions that can cause you to interact with their anger or mistrust. They will notice your attitude and treat you accordingly. Similarly, when you interpret the actions of other people positively, you are more likely to create good interactions with others.
5 They will also help you feel better, because each success you have will boost your attitude toward the future.
A. Look for an easy win.
B. Give everyone the benefit of the doubt.
C. The answer to this question is yes—to a point.
D. But there are several advantages to social engagement.
E. Focus on actions you can take that will make your situation better.
F. These strategies will help you to minimize the influence of bad events on your life.
G. Instead, find something in your work life that you can complete quickly and successfully.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者谈论了在挫折中保持快乐的秘密。
1. 【解析】选C。上文提到: 你是否可以做些什么来提升适应力呢? 这里提出了一个问题, 该空回答这个问题。C选项“在某种程度上, 这个问题的答案是肯定的”很好地承接了上文。选项中的this question是关键词, 指代上文中提出的问题。
2. 【解析】选E。上文提到“首先要清楚哪些因素在你的控制之下。”该空“专注于你可以采取的行动, 这会让你的处境变得更好。”这正是上文“清楚在你控制之下的因素”的具体体现。E选项中的make your situation better对应下文中的feel better about your work and will also be more productive。
3. 【解析】选D。上文, 当你感到悲伤或有压力时, 你通常不想和别人在一起。设空处表示转折, 但是, 参加社交活动是有好处的。D选项承接上下文, 选项中的social engagement 对应下文中的that other people have had similar experiences that they can share。
4. 【解析】选B。下文“最后, 对别人的行为做出积极的解释。”B选项“假定每个人都是无辜的”适合作本段落的小标题, 选项中的“benefit”对应下文中的positive。
5. 【解析】选F。下文“它们也会让你感觉更好, 因为每一次成功都会提升你对未来的态度。”下文“will also help”对应F选项中的“will help”, 下文是对该空进一步的说明。
阅读理解
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components, ” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day to day basis. ”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 主要说明了哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发, 创造了第一只机器苍蝇。文章还说明了设计这种机器苍蝇遇到的困难和该飞行装置的应用区域, 这种设计为研究飞行力学和昆虫控制提供了一种新方法。
1. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难, 那就是这些组件都不是现成的, 所以我们必须自己开发。”由此可知, 工程师们在让机器人飞行时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B。
2. What do we know about the robotic fly?
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中“each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to. (每一个单独的必须运行良好, 然后必须很好地匹配它所连接的一切。)”可推知, 机器苍蝇需要各部分协作发挥作用。故选D。
3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题, 你知道, 用动物来研究生物学很难, 可以用这些机器人来代替”可知, 伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A。
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Development of Robotic Fly
B. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C. Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要内容是机器苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作, 故选D。
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