人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration导学案

Unit 3　Sea Exploration

Learning About Language

语法精讲·素养提升

不定式(The infinitive)

观察上面句子, 并说出画线部分的作用

①不定式作后置定语。

②不定式作目的状语。

　　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志, 没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能, 又有动词的特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语, 构成动词不定式短语。

一、动词不定式的时态与语态

*I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.

我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生, 且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)

*They are said to be studying psychology.

据说他们正在研究心理学。(be said与study同时发生)

*I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.

让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前)

*No harm seems to have been done.

似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前, 且harm与do之间是被动关系)

*She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years. 大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。

【名师点津】不定式的“被动”与“否定”

(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。

*It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.

被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。

(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前, 即构成not to do 或never to do 这样的形式。

*They took a vote and decided not to do it.

他们进行了表决, 决定放弃。

*How many times has your mother told you never to talk to strangers? 

你母亲告诉你多少次了, 绝不能和陌生人谈话?

【即学活用】 语法填空

(1)The world will be different,  and we will have to be prepared(prepare)to adapt to the change.  

(2)She pretended to be sleeping (sleep)when her mother came in.  

(3)He is said to have been working (work)in this factory for more than twenty years.  

二、动词不定式的句法功能

　　动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语, 表示比较具体的意义。

1. 不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。

*To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.

责备那个工人弥补不了损失。

*(2018·天津高考)It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.

他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。

①不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子平衡, 往往用it作形式主语, 而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。

②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者, 可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n. /pron. ”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for sb. ; 当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用of sb. , 这样的形容词有careful, cruel, foolish, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice, stupid, wise, wrong等。

*It is generous of him to contribute so much.

他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。

*It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.

过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)It is common to find (find) this type of poetry,  calligraphy art,  hanging in people’s homes.  

(2)If you live in a cold climate,  it will be important to know (know) your dog’s limits and how you can keep it safe and warm.  

(3)It is an honor for me to be invited (invite) to attend the meeting.  

2. 不定式作表语

不定式作表语主要有三种情况, 一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to be); 二是像My job is to sweep the floor. (我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形; 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。

*He seems to be ill. 他似乎生病了。

*Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。

*We are to meet at the station at three.

我们约定3点钟在车站见面。

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)It is important to remember when you’re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring (ignore) you,  everyone is just doing the best that they can.  

(2)He is children’s books editor,  whose job is to sort (sort)through thousands of new titles published each year and select the very best ones in The Times.  

(3)The goal of this activity is to meet (meet) the needs of common people.  

3. 不定式作宾语

(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀:

*We agreed to meet at the school gate.

我们一致同意在校门口见面。

(2)在某些动词如find,  think,  consider,  feel,  make,  believe后, 常用it作形式宾语, 然后加宾语补足语, 最后加不定式作真正的宾语。

*We think it our duty to protect the environment.

我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)He pretended to be reading (read) the text when I came in.  

(2)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.  

(3)I think it necessary to send (send) for an expert.  

(4)But Sarah,  who has taken part in shows along with top models,  wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.  

4. 不定式作宾语补足语

(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 如ask,  want,  invite,  get,  force,  expect,  allow,  persuade,  order,  warn,  remind,  prefer,  cause,  permit,  forbid,  advise,  teach等。

*Father will not allow us to play in the street.

父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。

(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 表示动作的全过程。一感 (feel), 二听(hear,  listen to), 三使(let, have,  make), 五看 (see,  notice,  observe,  watch,  look at), 半帮助 (help), 动词不定式作help宾语补足语时, 既可带to, 也可不带to。

*Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态)

没人看见他进来。

以上单词, 当其所在句子改为被动句时, 动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。例如:

*The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态)

有人看见小偷进了银行。

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)What caused him to change (change) his mind?  

(2)He didn’t allow the students to go (go) there.  

(3)The teacher got some students to stay (stay) in the classroom after school.  

(4)He was made to work (work) day and night.  

5. 不定式作定语

(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。

*I wanted to come to your birthday party,  but I had a project to finish then.

(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。

如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等, 不定式后需要加相应的介词。

*I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。

【名师点津】如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,  time,  way等, 不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。

(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,  all,  any等限定的中心词, 且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。

*He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校, 最后一个离校。

(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有: ability,  chance,  idea,  hope,  wish,  fact,  excuse,  promise,  attempt,  way等。

*The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。

【名师点津】不定式作定语时, 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者, 则用主动形式表被动含义; 若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者, 则用被动形式表被动含义。

*She has a sister to look after.

她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)The best way to set (set) yourself up for success is to make sure that your goals are SMART:  specific,  measurable,  attainable,  relevant,  and timely.  

(2)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.  

(3)Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay (stay) away.  

(4)Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change) lives,  including your own.  

6. 不定式作状语

 (1)作目的状语。表示“为了”, 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能置于句首。

*To/In order to increase levels of community service,  some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.

为了提高社区服务水平, 一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。

(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果, 有时前面加only, 以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:

only to do　表示意想不到的结果

enough to do足够做……

too. . . to do太……而不能……

so/such. . . as to. . . 如此……以至于……

*Tom took a taxi to the airport,  only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场, 结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

*He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。

(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因, 常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry,  surprised,  disappointed,  excited,  glad,  happy,  anxious,  delighted,  pleased,  foolish等。

*Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed.

玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上, 觉得非常高兴。

*I’m delighted to hear that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture.

我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。

【即学活用】语法填空

(1)To liberate (liberate) our country, they devoted their lives.  

(2)To learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.  

(3)Mary rushed home immediately she heard the news,  only to find (find) that her husband was gone.  

(4)You will never know how happy I was to see (see) her yesterday.  

课时检测·素养达标

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase (purchase) a book.  

2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)A housewarming party is a special party to be held (hold) when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.  

3. (2020·江苏高考) There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify (classify) garbage in a short time.  

4. (2020·天津高考)To help (help) us prepare for the exam,  the teacher suggested reading through our notes.  

5. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,  and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb (absorb) a day’s worth of Vitamin D.  

6. It’s everyone’s responsibility to make (make) good use of water,  such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.  

7. If successful,  Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person to cross (cross)Antarctica alone from the shore Berkner Island,  according to the event organizer.  

8. They have been in the room listening to explanations when things seem to have gone (go) wrong.   

9. Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could to cheer (cheer) him up.  

10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting,  as I had a train to catch (catch).  

Ⅱ. 用不定式完成句子

1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole Aitken basin.  

中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。

2. I didn’t mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.  

我当时什么都不想吃, 但是那个冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。

3. The best way to solve the problem is to depend on yourself.  

解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。

4. During the Mid-Autumn Festival,  family members often gather together to share a meal,  admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.  

过中秋节的时候, 家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。

5. It is a great pleasure for me to have been working with you these days.  

我很高兴这段时间和你一起共事。

6. I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.  

这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。

7. Helen borrowed my book the other day,  promising to return it soon.  

海伦在几天前借了我的书, 答应我会马上还给我。

8. Although parents seem to be giving good advice to their sons and daughters,  their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with life’s difficulties.  

尽管父母似乎给他们的儿子和女儿们提供了很好的建议, 但他们的孩子们在处理生活中遇到的困难时, 却很难成为好的榜样。

9. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.  

警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即与他们联系。

10. The queen bee appears to be nursed well in the comb built by the diligent worker bees.  

蜂王似乎在勤劳的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的护理。

　　使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段

The scientists 1. decided to explore(决定探索) the deep ocean in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea. Their first step 2. to carry out the plan(实施这项计划) is 3. to send a deepwater machine(派一台深水机器) designed specially for the research. 4. The machine to be controlled remotely by scientists(由科学家们远程控制的机器) at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg. They will watch the machine 5. dive deep into the sea(潜入大海深处).  6. To conduct such a research(进行这样的研究) is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months.  

课时素养评价

八　Unit 3　Learning About Language

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people to feel (feel)more energetic.  

2. It took Janet three hours to finish (finish) reading this interesting story.  

3. She pretended to be listening (listen) to the manager,  but actually she was thinking about something else.  

4. In many homes in the UK,  the first person to wake (wake) up has to make tea for the family.  

5. Don’t try to hide anything from your mother.  She appears to have been told (tell) everything.  

6. To be admitted (admit) to a university in the UK,  international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.  

7. The new phone is very easy to operate (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.  

8. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to break (break) into small pieces.  

9. It can be disheartening to spend a lot of time preparing a meal only to find (find) your kids turning their nose up at it.  

10. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time.  

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. To make it easier to get in touch with us/To get in touch with us more easily,  you’d better keep this card at hand.  

为了更容易与我们取得联系, 你最好把这张卡片放在手边。

2. I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped to pursue an acting career in the future.  

我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。

3. The old man sits in front of the television every evening,  happy to watch anything that happened to be on.  

老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。

4. The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.  

明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。

5. I will be surprised if you can get Calvin,  who is a close-fisted man,  to buy these donation draw tickets from you.  

如果你能让加尔文, 一个吝啬的男人, 从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票, 我会很惊讶。

6. He has a heart trouble and the doctor finds it difficult to treat.  

他有心脏病, 医生发现很难治疗。

7. To enjoy the convenience of digital payment,  many senior citizens started to use smart phones.  

为了享受数字支付的方便, 很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。

8. The man opened his eyes,  only to find himself left alone in the room.  

那人睁开眼睛, 却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。

9. They lived a hard life and were often made to work for over 10 hours a day.  

他们生活很艰苦, 经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。

10. I wanted to travel to America instead of France,  but he persuaded me not to change my mind.  

我想要去美国旅行, 代替之前的法国, 但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Say the phrase “female environmental pioneers, ” and among the names you will hear Rachel Carson,  who wrote about pesticides;  chimpanzee expert Jane Goodall;  and 17-year-old climate-change activist Greta Thunberg. To mark Women’s History Month,  Kidspost is sharing the story of an environmental pioneer who is not that famous but equally remarkable.

At age 3,  Sylvia Earle found her lifelong passion while playing on a beach. A wave suddenly came up and knocked her over.

“My mother. . . saw the big smile on my face and let me run back in, ” Earle told a TV interviewer years later. “And I’ve been running back in ever since. ”

Earle is now 84 years old and has spent a lifetime exploring the world’s oceans and working to protect them from pollution,  overfishing and other threats.

She is a pioneer in using scuba gear. Scuba gear lets divers take breath underwater. She holds the world record for the deepest untethered walk on the ocean floor at 1, 250 feet. This means she was not tied to anything when she was walking underwater. During this exploration,  she planted a U. S. flag.

In 1998,  Time magazine gave Earle its first Heroes for the Planet award. She was the first female chief scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It is the U. S. ocean and atmosphere group. She was also elected to the National Women’s Hall of Fame.

Earle has spent her life teaching people about the ocean. She notes how much it affects the weather,  and what we eat and drink. She has something to say to those who don’t understand why the ocean matters. “They should know that with every breath they take,  every drop of water they drink,  the ocean is touching them, ” Earle says. “You should treat the ocean as if your life depends on it— because it does. ”

【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一位一生都致力于探索海洋保护海洋的女性环保先锋—Sylvia Earle, 三岁时就发现了自己对于海洋的热爱, 并在保护海洋方面做出了杰出贡献和成就。1998年, 《时代》杂志给了Earle第一个行星英雄奖。她是美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的第一位女性首席科学家。她还入选了全国妇女名人堂。同时, 她提出了海洋对于人类的重要性。

1. What does Earle’s lifelong passion refer to?

A. Teaching people how to dive.

B. Writing articles for magazines.

C. Exploring and protecting oceans.

D. Providing equipment for divers.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。第四段内容“Earle is now 84 years old. . . overfishing and other threats”可知, 已有84岁的她一生致力于探索海洋, 保护海洋。因此可知, 她酷爱的是探索和保护海洋。故选C项。

2. What do we know about Earle from the text?

A. Earle is a world record holder.

B. Earle’s mother is in support of her work.

C. Earle is a remarkable British ocean explorer.

D. Earle is the only female chief scientist at NOAA.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“She holds the world record for the deepest untethered walk on the ocean floor at 1, 250 feet. ”可知, 她还保持着在1250英尺深的海底自由行走的世界纪录。故选A项。

3. Which of the following words can best describe Earle?

A. Brave and conservative.

B. Devoted and courageous.

C. Determined and rigid.

D. Ambitious and modest.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段中的“Earle is now 84 years old . . .  when she was walking underwater. 可知, 她一生都致力于海洋探索和海洋保护, 是一个有献身精神的人; 同时, 无束缚的情况之下在水下1250英尺深的海底自由行走, 说明她是一个勇敢的人。故选B项。

4. Which of the following statements will Earle agree with according to the text?

A. People should stop overfishing and eating seafood.

B. The ocean plays a significant role in human’s life.

C. The weather has a far-reaching effect on the ocean.

D. The exploration of the ocean can be done without limit.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容: She has something to say to. . . because it does. ”可知, 她认为海洋对于人类来说是很重要的。故选B项。

Ⅱ. 语法填空

Several thousand years ago,  the silk trade first reached Europe via the Silk Road, 1. 　　　　　 brought with it not only excellent silk clothes and decorative items,  but also the ancient culture of the Far East. From then on,  silk

2. 　　　　　 (regard) as the symbol of Eastern civilization.  

According to 3. 　　　　　 ancient Chinese legend,  it was the Yellow Emperor 4. 　　　　　 ordered the fibers woven into cloth and made into silk clothes,  which were 5. 　　　　　 (extreme) soft and comfortable. Later generations worshiped the Yellow Emperor 6. 　　　　　 the God of Weaving.  

China is the birthplace of sericulture (养蚕). Sericulture,  including planting mulberry trees,  raising silk worms and 7. 　　　　　 (produce) silk fabric,  has been an essential form of labor in China for 8. 　　　　　 (century). The Chinese ancestors had invented flat-weaving and figured-weaving techniques,  and colored cloth using natural vermilion (朱红) dye.  

With the 9. 　　　　　 (improve) in loom construction and printing and dying methods,  more varieties of silk were developed. China possessed the most

10. 　　　　　 (advance) silk dying and weaving techniques of the ancient world.  

【文章大意】本文为说明文。几千年前, 丝绸贸易第一次通过丝绸之路到达欧洲, 不仅给西方带去了美丽的丝绸服装和装饰用品, 而且带去了古老的东方文化, 丝绸被视为东方文明的象征。中国人民的祖先发明了平纹织和提花织技术, 中国拥有古代世界上最先进的丝绸染织技术。

1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 本句是定语从句。空格处在句中指代前面的句子, 此时要用关系词which, 故本空填which。

2. 【解析】was regarded。考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知, 本句中缺少谓语动词, 其中的主语silk与谓语动词是被动关系, 根据语境可知本句用一般过去时, 故空格处用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was regarded。

3. 【解析】an。考查冠词。分析句子可知, 空格处在句中表示数量“一”, 因为ancient 是以元音音素开头的, 要用不定冠词an, 故填an。

4. 【解析】that /who。考查强调句。分析句子可知, 本句是强调句。被强调部分为the Yellow Emperor, 指人。故填that /who。

5. 【解析】extremely。考查副词。空格处在句中修饰形容词soft和comfortable, 修饰形容词一般用副词形式, 故填extremely。

6. 【解析】as。考查介词。分析句子及语境可知, 空格在句中意为“作为”, 因此, 用介词as。故填as。

7. 【解析】producing。考查动名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词including的宾语, 要用动词的-ing形式, 故填producing。

8. 【解析】centuries。考查名词复数。分析句意可知, 此处是指几个世纪, 要用名词的复数形式, 故填centuries。

9. 【解析】improvement。考查名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词with的宾语, 一般名词作宾语, 故填名词improvement。

10. 【解析】advanced。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作定语, 修饰名词silk dying和weaving techniques。根据语境可知, 此处是指最先进的, 即形容词advanced。故填advanced。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch. They started Project Empathy(共情)four years ago to 　1　 a meal,  listen to their stories and figured out how they could

 　2　 help.  

“Just start with a smile,  a hello. It really just starts with that. If you do it,  you can make a connection. A small gesture can have a 　3　 impact on others less fortunate, ” Hansen 　4　 in an interview.  

Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 　5　.  Ward,  a homeless,  was 　6　 in a flat. He credited the Hansens with helping him 　7　 the difficult process of moving off the streets. “It is great to have friends who make us feel 　8　 and I’m impressed with the pair, ” Ward said.  

Father and son’s 　9　 have developed into a passion project that 　10　 faith and community which emphasizes the 　11　 community members can have in uplifting the homeless. They know they can’t settle the homeless 　12　 alone. They’re hoping empathy will 　13　.  

“My hope for the future is to 　14　 more connection across our country. We could and we will succeed 　15　 we have other people join in and help the homeless, ” Chase said.  

【文章大意】文章主要讲述了Hansen父子成立“共情”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。Hansen认为我们一个小小的举动, 会给无家可归的人带来巨大影响。他们希望社区成员能够意识到自己可以帮助别人, 也希望“共情”项目可以变得流行, 这样就有更多的人加入来帮助无家可归者。

1. A. buy　　 　B. cook　　 　C. share　 　　D. eat

【解析】选C。根据下文的Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 　　　可知此处用“分享”符合语境, share是原词复现, 故选C项。 

2. A. often  B. further

C. also   D. even

【解析】选B。根据句意可知, 除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外, 父子俩还要弄清如何为他们提供进一步(further)的帮助, 故选B项。

3. A. dramatic  B. different

C. minimum  D. decisive

【解析】选A。根据下文的He credited the Hansens with helping him 　　　the difficult process of moving off the streets. 可知Hansen的行为让Ward有了巨大改变, dramatic意思为“巨大的; 令人吃惊的”, 故选A项。 

4. A. remarked   B. praised

C. joked    D. quoted

【解析】选A。根据空前的直接引语可知, 这是Hansen采访时说的一句话, 故用“说”符合语境, remark意思为“说, 议论; 评论; 提议”。故选A项。

5. A. desires  B. connections

C. motivations  D. opinions

【解析】选B。根据上文的If you do it,  you can make a connection. 可知此处用“联系”符合语境, connection是原词复现, 故选B项。

6. A. provided  B. permitted

C. abandoned  D. housed

【解析】选D。结合下文the difficult process of moving off the streets可知, 此处是指Hansen父子给Ward提供了一间平房用来居住, house意为动词, 意为“给某人提供住宿。”故选D项。

7. A. through  B. for

C. despite   D. to

【解析】选A。根据He credited the Hansens with helping him和the difficult process of moving off the streets可知, 此处考查固定用法help sb.  through“帮某人度过”, 故选A项。

8. A. surprised  B. relaxed

C. awesome  D. calm

【解析】选C。结合上下文可知, Hansen父子帮助无家可归的人, 和他们分享食物、给他们提供住所等, 这让他们感觉非常好, awesome意为“很好的; 极佳的。”故选C项。

9. A. dreams  B. influences

C. experiences  D. efforts

【解析】选D。结合Father and son’s 　　　have developed into a passion project可知, 此处是指父子俩帮助无家可归的人的努力, 影响了周围的人, 故选D项。 

10. A. assesses  B. compares

C. highlights  D. respects

【解析】选C。根据下文的which emphasizes the 　　　community members can have in uplifting the homeless. 可知此处用“强调”符合语境, highlight和emphasize是同义词复现, 故选C项。 

11. A. importance  B. task

C. chance    D. role

【解析】选D。结合faith and community which emphasizes the 　　　community members can have in uplifting the homeless. 可知, 此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人, 即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色(role), 故选D项。 

12. A. argument  B. problem

C. debt     D. conflict

【解析】选B。根据They know they can’t settle the homeless 　　　alone可知, 无家可归是一个社会问题, 他们自己不能解决这个社会问题, 故选B项。 

13. A. go away B. catch on

C. fade out   D. give off

【解析】选B。根据上文的They know they can’t settle the homeless 　　　alone. 可推测, 他们希望“共情”这个项目可以变得流行, 这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者, catch on 意为“变得流行”。故选B项。 

14. A. spread B. miss

C. exchange D. maintain

【解析】选A。根据下文的across our country可知此处用“传播”符合语境, spread意为“传播; 散步; 流传”。故选A项。

15. A. before  B. if

C. until   D. so

【解析】选B。根据设空处前后意思可知, 此处用“如果”符合语境, 故选B项。