高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十六选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity课件

这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十六选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity课件，共35页。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解A Many peple wrngly think that cities dn’t have farms and that fruit and vegetables are nly grwn in the cuntry. Believe it r nt, there are mre and mre urban farms ppping up in cities all ver the wrld.
Alexandra Sullivan, a fd system researcher in New Yrk City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is anther name fr farming and gardening in a city envirnment. Ms Sullivan studies everything frm tiny gardens in empty lts between buildings t bigger fields that have been planted and grwn. Accrding t Ms Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld. ”
The number f humans living in urban areas, r cities, is increasing. The amunt f peple wh want t garden in urban areas is als rising. Ms Sullivan says, “In small gardens, n rftps and indrs, they grw fruit, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals t prduce milk, eggs, hney, and meat. They use these fds as supplements t fd prduced by rural agriculture. ” Even thugh sme peple wh live in urban areas grw crps, urban residents still need t rely n fd grwn in rural areas. This is because a city desn’t have enugh space t grw enugh fd fr everyne living in it.
In New Yrk City, urban farmers have cme up with many different ways t grw their wn prduce, even thugh there isn’t a lt f rm. Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City. All tgether, the farms are made up f 2. 5 acres f rftp space. This makes Brklyn Grange ne f the largest rftp farming peratins in the wrld.
Brklyn Grange grws all kinds f things. The farming cmpany sells its vegetables t lcal residents and restaurants. And because the farms are n the rftps, they are specially adapted t their urban lcatin. They use available space that is nt needed fr anything else. As mre urban farmers find ways t grw fd in cities, urban residents will be better able t get fresher materials fr their meals.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了都市农场方面的事情。1. Which f the fllwing is Ms Sullivan’s pinin accrding t the text? A. The number f peple living in cities is increasing slwly. B. Urban residents still rely n fd grwn in rural areas cmpletely. C. Urban agriculture has a histry as lng as cities. D. Urban agriculture can prvide huge incme. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Accrding t Ms Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, acrss the wrld. ”可知, Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。
2. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 3 refer t? A. Farmers. 　　　　　B. City residents. C. Rural residents. D. Cmpanies. 【解析】选B。代词指代题。根据第三段可知, 住在城市里的人的数量在增长, 想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长, 并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推知they指的是“城市居民”。
3. What can we learn abut Brklyn Grange in New Yrk City frm the text? A. It has large farming areas. B. It can nly grw single prducts. C. It prduces enugh fd fr citizens. D. It makes use f rftp space t grw vegetables. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“Fr example, Brklyn Grange is a farming peratin that has tw rftp vegetable farms in New Yrk City. ”可知, Brklyn Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。
4. What may be the best title fr the text? A. Farms in CitiesB. Future Fd SystemC. Fd Grwn in CitiesD. Agriculture f New Yrk City【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 文章主要讲述都市农场, 城市居民利用有限的空间, 充分利用屋顶, 花园和家里种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草, 并饲养动物。文章就是围绕城市农场这一中心展开的, 因此 A项作为标题最合适。
B　　Plant a trillin(万亿)trees? The gal 21-year-ld Felix Finkbeiner has set fr his rganizatin, Plant-fr-the-Planet, is n the ambitius side. Unrealistic, thugh? Nt if yu cnsider Felix’s track recrd s far. 　　After funding Plant-fr-the-Planet at the age f nine in 2007, Felix had already passed the millin-tree mark 2010. Tday, Plant-fr-the-Planet’s tree cunter stands at well ver 15 billin.
　　This began with a schl presentatin n climate prtectin. Having been impressed by Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan wman whse heric campaign resulted in the planting f 30 millin trees in 30 years and wn her, in 2004, the Nbel Prize, Felix ended his presentatin with a call t actin, “Let’s plant a millin trees in every cuntry n earth! ”　　“Being furth-graders, we prbably didn’t have the clearest idea f hw many a millin was, ” Felix recalls with a smile. That didn’t stp them frm getting the ball rlling, hwever. Just three years later, Felix and his friends had planted a millin.  
These days, Plant-fr-the-Planet functins as an internatinal yuth rganizatin. “We see urselves as climate prtectin advcates, ”Felix explains. In ne-day wrkshps, children and teens can apply t becme ambassadrs fr climate justice. This invlves hlding presentatins, rganizing lcal campaigns, and passing their training n t thers. Sme 63, 000 ambassadrs are currently active in 58 cuntries. 　　When it cmes t planting trees, Plant-fr-the-Planet als wrks with ther rganizatins t ensure a high standard f quality. “We make sure that the right kinds f trees are planted and, ideally, that they can be used in sme type f ecnmic activity, ”Felix reprts.
　　Felix is nw studying internatinal relatins at the University f Lndn. “I want t jin the effrt t slve glbal prblems, ” he declares. 5. Hw many trees have been planted by the prgram s far? A. Over ne millin. B. Abut 30 millin. C. Over 15 billin. D. Abut a trillin. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段Tday, Plant-fr-the-Planet’s tree cunter stands at well ver 15 billin这句话可知, 菲利斯·芬克拜纳和他的“植树救地球组织(Plant-fr-the-Planet)”迄今为止已经种植了超过150亿棵树。
6. What d we knw abut Wangari Maathai frm the text? A. She set a gd example t Felix Finkbeiner. B. She encuraged Felix Finkbeiner t carry n with his plan. C. She helped Felix Finkbeiner with his Plant-fr-the-Planet prgram. D. She taught Felix Finkbeiner hw t plant s many trees in such a shrt time.
【解析】选A。 推理判断题。由第三段Having been impressed by Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan wman whse heric campaign resulted in the planting f 30 millin trees in 30 years and wn her, in 2004, the Nbel Prize可知, 肯尼亚环保主义者旺加里·马塔伊(Wangari Maathai)30年种了3000万棵树, 她的事迹深深打动了菲利斯·芬克拜纳。也就是说, 这位非洲杰出女性给菲利斯·芬克拜纳树立了好榜样。
7. The underlined phrase “getting the ball rlling” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “_________”.  A. starting ding smethingB. ffering a hand t smene in needC. develping smething rapidlyD. taking part in a ball game
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。画线短语前一句说, 作为四年级学生, 菲利斯·芬克拜纳他们可能并不清楚一百万是什么概念。画线后一句说, 仅仅三年后, 菲利斯和他的朋友们就种植了一百万棵树。显然, 菲利斯和他的朋友们开始了他们雄心勃勃的植树计划。由此可推测get the ball rlling的意思是“开始做某事(尤其是重大的事)”。
8. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text? A. T prmte the Plant-fr-the-Planet prgram. B. T reprt the heric deeds f a yung man. C. T raise peple’s awareness f envirnmental prtectin. D. T call n mre peple t becme ambassadrs fr climate justice. 【解析】选B。目的意图题。文章讲述了Plant-fr-the-Planet创始人菲利斯·芬克拜纳的事迹: 他要和小伙伴们一起种植1万亿棵新树。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句(2021·杭州模拟)　　Hw d yu relax after a stressful day in the ffice? There are many ways t help yu relax. 　1　 It takes a little effrt t get there but the benefits are great fr ur stressed-ut lives. I am talking abut the activity f frest bathing.  
　　　2　It was intrduced as a natinal health prgramme by the cuntry’s gvernment. Stressed Japanese wrkers are tday still relaxing and recnnecting with nature. The Frest Therapy Sciety has certified 62 frest therapy sites in the cuntry and the frest bathing mvement is als bming in ther parts f the wrld. It says, “Just as bathing in a ht spring helps t sak yur cares ff, ging fr a walk in the wds is said t have a cmfrting effect. ” 
　　Frest bathing is abut taking time t wander thrugh wdland with n fixed plan r rute and just expse yurself t the frest atmsphere. 　3　 That’s particularly gd fr peple with mental health issues. A study cnducted in 24 frests acrss Japan fund that walking amng trees lwered bld pressure, the pulse rate, thus imprving ur immune systems. 　4　 
　　Anther study carried ut a few years ag by Stanfrd University in the US, fund similar benefits. Brain scans shwed reduced activity in an area f the brain linked t the risk f mental illness in participants wh tk a 90-minute walk amng aks, birds and squirrels. One f the researchers, Gregry Bratman, said, “There’s an increasing bdy f evidence shwing that natural areas benefit us at least emtinally with ur md and ur physical develpment t. ” The evidence seems clear that frest bathing is a sht in the arm fr stressed-ut wrkers. S nw is the time t get ut and lse yurself in the natural envirnment. 　5　 
A. But the best way lies in the great utdrs. B. Cnnecting with nature has never been mre urgent. C. Frest bathing is rising in ppularity arund the wrld. D. Having this expsure t nature seems t prmte well-being. E. Yu culd even hug a tree as it culd be yur new best friend! F. The Japanese cncept f frest bathing dates back t the 1980s. G. It als fund frest bathing culd decrease stress, anxiety, and depressin.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。我们如何能够改善自己压抑的生活呢? 作者在文章中给出了建议——森林浴。1. 【解析】选A。结合上文的“There are many ways t help yu relax”和下文的“the activity f frest bathing”可知, 作者认为放松有很多种方式, 下文又提到 frest bathing这一户外活动, 故选A项“But the best way lies in the great utdrs”中的 the best way 呼应上文的many ways, great utdrs 可以与文章中的 the activity f frest bathing相呼应。
2. 【解析】选F。结合下文的“It was intrduced. . . Stressed Japanese wrkers are tday still. . . ”可知, 下文都在讲述森林浴的相关内容, 而这与F项“The Japanese cncept f frest bathing dates back t the 1980s”(日本的森林浴概念可以追溯到20世纪80年代)相符。特别要注意关键词Japanese的匹配、空后的It指代选项中的frest bathing及文章中的 tday still与选项中的dates back t的呼应。
3. 【解析】选D。结合上文提到的“expse yurself t the frest atmsphere”和下文的“ gd fr peple with mental health issues”“lwered bld pressure, the pulse rate, thus imprving ur immune systems”可知, 森林浴让人接触森林, 体验大自然, 这也有利于身心健康。要注意文章中的 expse 与选项中的 expsure 的呼应, 且文中的“mental health”“lwered bld pressure, the pulse rate, thus imprving ur immune systems”与选项D中的“prmte well-being”意义相符。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文的“lwered bld pressure, the pulse rate, thus imprving ur immune systems”可知, 森林浴能够降低血压、脉搏, 提升免疫系统能力等, 这与G项“It als fund frest bathing culd decrease stress, anxiety, and depressin”(研究还发现森林浴可以减少压力、焦虑和抑郁)语意较一致。该题要注意上文和选项中都提到了森林浴的好处, 同时也要注意lwer与decrease的意义相近, 以及选项中的als所表达的上下文的承接性。选项中的It指代上文的A study, 且与下文的“Anther study. . . fund”呼应。因此答案选G项。
5. 【解析】选E。结合上文的“The evidence. . . is the time t get ut and. . . ”可知, 此处主要讲述我们需要到外面去, 拥抱大自然, 这与E项“Yu culd even hug a tree as it culd be yur new best friend! ”(你甚至可以拥抱一棵树, 因为它可能是你新的最好的朋友! )的语意较一致。要注意选项中的even(甚至)的语气表示递进, 说明E项是对上文的进一步延伸, 故答案为E 项。
Ⅲ. 语法填空　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。　　The Envirnment Agency tday is setting ut 1. plan that it leads the way tward a greener, healthier future. Its new 5-year plan, EA2025, calls fr a new apprach which betters health, fair and envirnmental imprvement. By 2025 the agency aims t have created mre climate adaptive places and infrastructure(基础设施), by ensuring the natin is prepared fr flding, castal change and drught. The plan als highlights a renewed fcus 2. imprving the health f air, land and water fr peple and nature—and ensuring green 3. _________(grw)fr a lasting future.  
　　Since lckdwn began, the Envirnment Agency 4. (remain)fully peratinal, with the majrity f staff 5. _________(wrk)frm hme, and frntline staff remaining active n the grund handling issues such as fld risk and pllutin.  　　Staff have been making the 6. _________(gd)use f technlgy t cntinue wrk—such as 7._________ (remte) cncluding legal hearings and using drnes(无人机)t mnitr regulated sites, and lking at hw we can adpt these practices in the future t be mre efficient and 8. (effect). Teams have been serving equipment 9. _________supprts public water supply, fd prductin and river flws.  
　　The ht weather led t several fish rescues, and fisheries enfrcement teams(渔业执法队)cntinued t investigate illegal fishing. Last mnth a majr castal fld defense plan 10. _________(cmplete)which will prtect mre than 300 huses in West Sussex.  
【文章大意】本文讲述了环境署今天正在制订一项计划, 引导人们走向更绿色、更健康的未来的具体情况。1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个, 所以用不定冠词。2. 【解析】n/upn。考查介词。fcus n是固定搭配。3. 【解析】grwth。考查词性转换。作ensuring的宾语, 应用名词, 表示抽象概念, 为不可数名词。4. 【解析】has remained。考查时态和主谓一致。since常和现在完成时态连用, 主语为第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
5. 【解析】wrking。考查非谓语动词。with的宾语和wrk之间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。6. 【解析】best。考查形容词最高级。make the best use f充分利用, 是固定搭配。7. 【解析】remtely。考查词性转换。修饰cncluding, 应用副词。8. 【解析】effective。考查词性转换。作be 的表语, 所以用形容词。9. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。先行词为物, 在定语从句中作主语, 故填that/which。10. 【解析】was cmpleted。考查时态和语态。根据Last mnth可知, 应用一般过去时态; cmplete和主语plan之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。