还剩17页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：高考英语一轮复习学案北师大版专题
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit7TheSea学案北师大版
展开
这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit7TheSea学案北师大版，共20页。学案主要包含了典型例句，词块必记，语境速测，写作金句，误区释疑，句型公式，备选要点，易混辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
必修3Unit 7 The Sea
主题: 人与自我 子话题: 自然环境、自然遗产保护 对应教材: 必修3 Unit 7 The Sea; 选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, ” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us, ” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. ” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与科学和环境相关的单词和短语。
environmentalist, ecologists, scientists, ecosystem, environment, biologist, eco-friendly
2. 你认为环境遭到破坏的原因有哪些?
There are some factors that cause environmental damage, such as species invasion, deforestation, the increase of private cars, and so on.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. arrange vi. &vt. 安排, 准备
【典型例句】
Even today at formal banquets people are arranged in a certain order, but in different areas, there are different rules concerning seat order.
即使是现在, (日常生活中)正规的宴会, 人们对座次仍然有特定的要求, 但各地的习惯却并不一样。
【词块必记】
(1)arrange (for sb. /sth. ) to do sth. 安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb. about (doing) sth. 就(做)某事与某人安排妥当
arrange that. . . 商定……; 安排……
(2)arrangement n. 整理; 安排; 布置
make arrangements for 为……做好安排
come to/reach an arrangement 谈妥, 达成协议
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I have arranged for him(已经安排他) to pick you up.
②We need to make arrangements for (为……做好安排)the coming final exam.
语段填词
③Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow has been arranged (已准备就绪). I have arranged for Tom to pick up (安排 Tom 开车去接)the experts at the airport. Then I’m arranged to meet (安排接见)Mr Wang. In a word, all the arrangements we made (我们做出的所有安排)are completed.
【写作金句】
We arranged for a car to collect them from the station.
我们安排了一辆轿车从车站接他们。
【误区释疑】
(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth. 而不用arrange sb. to do sth. 。
(2)arrange后接that从句时, 从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
2. apologise/apologize vi. 道歉
【典型例句】
Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologise. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way.
很多时候, 伤害你的人并不打算道歉。他们可能是想伤害你, 或者只是看待事情的方式不一样。
【词块必记】
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb. that. . . 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉
offer/accept an apology 道歉/接受道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I must apologise to you for not being able to meet you.
②Had he not apologised(apologise) to her, she would not have forgiven him.
句型转换
③The teacher made a suggestion that she should say sorry to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
3. attract vt. 吸引; 引起……注意; 使喜爱; 引起……好感/爱慕
【典型例句】
Upon arrival at the tea house, the foreign students were attracted immediately by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
一到茶馆﹐外国学生就被这里独特的茶壶和茶杯所吸引。
【词块必记】
(1)attract sb. to sth. /sb. 某物/某人吸引某人; 某人对某人/某物有好感
attract one’s attention/interest 引起某人的注意/兴趣
(2)attraction n. 吸引人的地方, 吸引力
(3)attractive adj. 有魅力的, 吸引人的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Suddenly, a beautiful dress in the shop attracted (attract)my attention.
②A job in acting is becoming increasingly attractive (attract) to young people.
完成句子
③Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
被自然的美吸引了, 这个来自伦敦的女孩决定在农场再待两天。
④What first attracted me to him was his sense of humour.
他首先吸引我的是他的幽默感。
4. recover v. 痊愈, 康复; 恢复正常
【典型例句】
I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.
我马上去给她拿了一些药, 然后给她准备了一些面条。在我的特别照顾下, 我母亲很快就康复了。
【词块必记】
(1)recover from 从……中恢复/康复
recover oneself 恢复正常; 使清醒
(2)recovery n. 康复, 恢复
make a recovery 恢复/康复
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My father has made a full recovery(recover) from the operation.
②It can take many years to recover(recover) from the death of a loved one.
完成句子
③Having recovered from cancer(已经从癌症中恢复) after standing great pains, Smith had to try every means to recover losses(弥补损失) when he returned to the company.
5. measure vt. &vi. 测量, 估量, 衡量; (长度、数量)为 n. 测量, 尺度, 标准, 措施, 办法
【典型例句】
From the Earth’s perspective, the Sun moves through a year across the stars or celestial sphere along a path known as the ecliptic, which is measured in 360 degrees longitude.
从地球上观测, 太阳一年里在恒星间或天球划过的轨道称为黄道, 以360度经度来度量。
【词块必记】
measure. . . by. . . 用……来衡量……
make sth. to one’s own measure 按某人自己的尺寸做某物
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take one’s measure 给某人量尺寸
in a/some measure 在某种程度上
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①You should take effective measures(measure) to improve your working conditions.
②Urgent measures have been taken(take) to prevent car emission; but even so, its influence is still great enough to cause smog and acid rain.
语段填词
③It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results. What’s important is that the government should take measures to improve the quality of education.
普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。重要的是, 政府应该采取措施来提高教育质量。
【误区释疑】 measure两点须知
measure意为“有……长(宽、高、重)”时, 为不及物动词, 常用主动形式。 measure表示“措施”时常用复数。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. make it to到达
【典型例句】
Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.
希望你能来参加我们的活动。我有信心你会玩得很开心。
【词块必记】
(1)make it (口语)取得成功, 做成; 设法做到; 达到目的; 设法安排
(2)make it+时间 表示约定时间
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes.
②It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成句子
③We could still make it, but we won’t get there till three.
我们仍可以赶到, 只不过要到3点才能到。
7. pick up 捡起; 搭车; 学会; 振作精神; 继续; 好转
【典型例句】
On the farm, my classmates and I helped the farmers to pick up the ripe watermelons.
在农场上, 我和同学们帮助农民们摘熟西瓜。
【词块必记】
pick oneself up 振作精神
pick up speed 加快速度
pick out 挑出; 辨认出
pick off 摘去
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Will you pick up all your toys? (收拾)
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly. (收听)
③I’ll pick you up at your home tomorrow. (接载)
④It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly —he hasn’t lived there very long. (偶然学会)
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas. (好转)
8. in search of 寻找; 寻求
【典型例句】
A group of soldiers went into the woods in search of the missing pilot.
一队士兵去森林寻找失踪的飞行员。
【词块必记】
in one’s/the search for 寻找, 寻求
search+someplace/somebody 搜查某地/搜身
search for 寻找
【语境速测】 介词填空
①A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
②He is determined to go to the USA to search for a better life.
语段填词
The customs were searching for drugs when I came through the airport. They searched everybody’s luggage for them, and they searched the man in front of me from head to foot.
我经过机场时, 海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李, 并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice!
一些鱼可以制造出几乎是你说话音量两倍大的声音!
【句型公式】
倍数的表达法:
(1)A is+倍数+as+adj. /adv. 原级+as+B
(2)A is+倍数+adj. /adv. 的比较级+than+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+n. +of+B
(4)A is+倍数+what从句, 表示“A是……的多少倍”
【误区释疑】
(1)as. . . as结构中两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。
(2)在倍数表达中, 两倍用twice/double, 三倍及三倍以上用“数词+times”来表示, 还可以是分数, 百分数, half等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①When you study the local map, you’ll find this town is twice the size of that one.
②The red ruler is three times longer(long) than the yellow one.
一句多译
这张红色桌子是黄色桌子的三倍长。
③The red desk is three times as long as the yellow one.
④The red desk is three times longer than the yellow one.
⑤The red desk is three times the length of the yellow one.
10. You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你肯定不会遇到比这更嘈杂的鱼。
【典型例句】
Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze won’t be a better choice.
此外, 沿河的景色是惊人的, 有许多著名的景点。那就是我认为长江之旅是一个最好的选择的原因。
【句型公式】
“否定词+比较级”, 表示最高级意义。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①You can’t find a better place in this village.
在这个村子里, 你找不到更好的地方了。
同义句转换
②Doctor Yuan Longping has developed sea-rice, which is the most amazing agricultural progress.
→There is no more amazing agricultural progress than the sea-rice Doctor Yuan Longping has developed.
【备选要点】
1. persuade vt. 说服; 劝服; 使信服; 使相信
【典型例句】
Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates not to reject my idea.
我的大多数同学想去公园, 而我有一个去一个更好的地方的想法。我成功地说服了同学们不要拒绝我的想法。
【词块必记】
persuade sb. (not)to do sth. 说服某人(不)做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. that. . . 使某人相信……
【易混辨析】“劝说”不等于“说服”
persuade
说服; 劝服; 使相信
try to persuade=advise
advise
劝说(不一定成功)
convince
“使相信; 信服; 说服”, 常用结构: convince sb. of sth. 或convince sb. that. . .
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I can’t persuade him to give up(说服他放弃) that silly idea.
单句语法填空
②When he retired three years ago, he persuaded his church music director into taking(take) him as a student.
③I finally managed to persuade her to go(go) out for a drink with me.
2. present adj. 现在的, 目前的; 出席的, 到场的; 存在的
vt. 演示; 讲演; 颁发; 授予; 提出; 显示; 赠送n. 礼物; 目前; 现在
【典型例句】
Many famous Chinese wines of the present day develop from ancient times, mainly from the Ming and the Qing dynasties.
现在的许多中国名酒, 都是从古代发展而来的, 主要是从明清时期发展而来。
【词块必记】
(1)present sb. with sth. 赠送/颁发/授予某人某物
present sth. to sb. 向某人颁发/赠送某物
present sb. to sb. 把某人介绍/引荐给某人
(2)at present/at the present time 现在, 目前
for the present 就现在来说, 暂时
(3)be present at 出席……
【误区释疑】 present作定语的位置
present用作形容词, 表示“在场的”时, 通常作表语或后置定语; 表示“现在的”时, 常用作前置定语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①After making careful preparations, I presented the report to the manager.
②People present at the meeting were mostly scientists from different parts of the world.
完成句子
③He presented to us(向我们展示) that dolphins were intelligent animals.
④The girl presents her teachers with beautiful flowers (漂亮的花) every year.
【巧学助记】 赠送礼物“present”
3. survive vt. 幸存; 幸免于难; 比……活得长; vi. 幸存; 生存下来
【典型例句】
People who survived the earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever. 那些在地震中幸存下来的人将永远不会忘记他们可怕的经历。
【词块必记】
(1)survive sth. 在……中幸免于难, 挺过……
survive from sth. 从……中存活下来/留存下来
survive on sth. 靠……存活
survive sb. by. . . years 比某人多活了……年
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存, 幸免
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She survived her husband by ten years.
②I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Peter’s salary.
语段填词
③After countless interviews, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. As a survivor, I learned that the survival does not depend on luck but a result of my efforts. (survive)
4. recognise vt. 辨认出, 承认, 认可
【典型例句】
The Ming and the Qing dynasties were universally recognised to be the two golden periods in the history of seal cutting, and coincidentally the seal was known as seal cutting then. 明清时期是印章史上公认的两个黄金时期, 以后的印章称为篆刻。
【词块必记】
recognise sb. /sth. (by/from sb. /sth. )
(从某人/某物)认出/辨别出某人/某物
recognise sb. /sth. as/to be 把某人/某物认作
be recognised as 被公认为/承认是……
recognise that. . . 承认……; 意识到……
【知识拓展】 多种“认为……是……”
①regard. . . as. . . ②consider. . . as. . .
③see. . . as. . . ④view. . . as. . .
⑤think of. . . as. . . ⑥look on. . . as. . .
⑦treat. . . as. . . ⑧think. . . to be. . .
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①All of us recognise him to be (be)an expert in this field.
句型转换
②Environmental pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
→It is recognised that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
5. get into trouble陷入麻烦; 陷入困境
【典型例句】
These sailors made it to Africa, where they got into trouble, but eventually everything went well again. 这些水手到达了非洲, 他们在那儿陷入了麻烦但最终一切顺利。
【词块必记】
in trouble 有麻烦, 处于困难中
get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
have trouble/difficulty with sth. /(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦, 自讨苦吃
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I wonder whether he would get into trouble(陷入麻烦).
②My best friend often shares things with me and helps people in trouble(处于困难中).
③Although we’ve learned English for years, we have trouble understanding the foreigners(理解外国人).
④It is very kind of you to take the trouble to help me(不怕麻烦来帮我).
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2019·天津高考) Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement (arrange) is more stable over the long term.
2. (2019·天津高考) The course normally attracts (attract) about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad.
3. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade (persuade) them to keep smiling.
4. ( 2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate (evaluate) yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2019·北京高考)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up(接听)calls from numbers they don’t know.
2. (2019·天津高考> We all age biologically at different rates according to(根据; 依照)our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in.
3. (2019·天津高考)I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with(处理)books.
4. (2019·天津高考)I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this(当他或她写下这个的时候).
5. (2019·江苏高考)Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labor and goods, with poor results(差的结果).
Ⅲ. 语法填空
According 1. to an old story, once there was an old man who made a
2. living(live) by fishing. One day, he arranged to go to sea 3. in search of some treasures in the sea. He was about to make it to the destination 4. when a big shark appeared. Though he 5. got(get) into great trouble, he remembered that his wife persuaded him 6. to watch(watch) out for dangerous sea animals, so he came up with a wonderful idea to deal 7. with the problem. At last, he got rid of the shark and 8. made(make) it to a safe place. Later he made an
9. apology (apologise) to his wife and promised that he would never set sail on
10. his(he) own any more.
核心素养 提高学生保护海洋、保护自然、科学探索的意识。
高考链接 2019·北京高考阅读理解D; 2019·浙江高考阅读理解C; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·北京高考阅读理解D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, ”she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. ” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, ” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。一份研究表明, 到本世纪末, 全球气候变暖会导致海洋更蓝更绿, 并分析了原因。
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章第一段主要说明了研究的结论; 第二段具体分析了原因, 故选B。
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由下句可知气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征, 影响浮游生物的生长, 因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长, 而且需要养分, 可知本句主要是说浮游生物对气候的变化很敏感。beneficial “有益的”; significant “非同一般的”; unnoticeable “不被注意的, 忽略的”, 根据语境可知选A。
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第四段可知在一些海域变暖会使浮游生物的生存条件更加成熟, 而这些地区将变得更绿。故选D。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
【解析】选C。目的意图题。本文主要说全球气候变暖会使海洋更蓝更绿并分析了原因, 故选C。
【微技能点拨】 定位关键句, 提炼主旨大意
解答主旨大意题需要对首尾段或文中的某些细节进行语义概括。若考查把握某一段落大意时﹐需全面理解整段的内容, 尤其是首尾或某些中间句, 此时可采用“定位关键句”的解题方法。
本文中第1题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: first two paragraphs
Step 2 原文信息关键句: Ocean colour varies from green to blue; thanks to a warming climate
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B 。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
climate n. 气候
marine adj. 海洋的
organism n. 有机体
ocean n. 海洋
colourful adj. 鲜艳的
短语句式
give off 发出(光等)
because of 因为; 由于
depend on 依靠
It’ll be +一段时间+before. . . “……多久之后才……”
熟词新义
fuel n. 燃料vt. 给……提供燃料; 刺激; 推动
matter n. 物质; 事件vi. 有关系; 要紧
project n. 计划; 项目v. 计划; 投射; 表现; 突出
【微语法填空】
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) 1. __________ (call) phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue,
2. __________ (depend) on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, 3. __________ they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, it 4. __________ (change) the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will
5. __________ (probable) be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning 6. __________ (signal) that we really have changed our planet.
1. 【解析】called。 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为过去分词作后置定语, 名词microorganisms与动词call之间为被动关系, 故填called。
2. 【解析】depending。考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为现在分词作状语, 逻辑主语Ocean colour 与动词depend之间为主动关系, 故填depending。
3. 【解析】where。考查连词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为定语从句, 先行词为地点名词, 定语从句不缺主语和宾语, 所以用关系副词where引导, 故填where。
4. 【解析】will change。考查动词时态。分析句式结构可知此处前后为if引导的条件状语从句, 符合“主将从现”, 故填will change。
5. 【解析】probably。考查词性转换。此处修饰系动词be用副词, 故填probably。
6. 【解析】signals。 句意: 海洋颜色的变化将是我们确实改变了地球的早期预警信号之一。根据句意可知此处用名词复数, 符合语境, 故填signals。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假如你是李华, 你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建设绿色家园”的植树活动, 发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件, 内容包括: 1. 活动情况简介; 2. 活动的意义。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 要点写作
根据汉语提示补全句子。
①得知你对我们的植树活动感兴趣, 我很高兴。
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree-planting activity.
②该活动每年举办一次, 主题各异。
The activity is held annually with different themes.
③今年的主题是“建设绿色家园”。
This year’s theme is “Building A Green Home”.
④这次活动是在3月12日, 我们的全民义务植树日。
The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree-planting Day.
⑤一大早, 所有的老师和学生都聚集在西山。
Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill.
⑥我们花了一上午的时间挖土、种植和浇水。
We spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering.
⑦最终大约种植了200棵树。
Eventually about 200 trees were planted.
⑧我们看到树在微风中摇曳。
We see the trees waving in the breeze.
⑨尽管累了, 但我们都感到兴奋和自豪。
We all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
⑩毫无疑问, 我们从这次活动中获益良多。
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity.
它不仅给我们带来劳动的乐趣, 而且帮助我们发展团队精神。
It not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit.
希望你明年能加入我们。
Hopefully you can join us next year.
Step 2 句式升级
把第⑤、⑥合并为主从复合句
Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering.
把第⑧、⑨合并为含有分词作状语的非谓语结构
Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Step 3 组句成篇
运用关联词串连以上句子。
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree-planting activity.
The activity is held annually with different themes. This year’s theme is “Building A Green Home”. The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree-planting Day. Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering. Eventually about 200 trees were planted. Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity, which not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit. Hopefully you can join us next year.
Yours,
Li Hua
必修3Unit 7 The Sea
主题: 人与自我 子话题: 自然环境、自然遗产保护 对应教材: 必修3 Unit 7 The Sea; 选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, ” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us, ” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. ” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与科学和环境相关的单词和短语。
environmentalist, ecologists, scientists, ecosystem, environment, biologist, eco-friendly
2. 你认为环境遭到破坏的原因有哪些?
There are some factors that cause environmental damage, such as species invasion, deforestation, the increase of private cars, and so on.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. arrange vi. &vt. 安排, 准备
【典型例句】
Even today at formal banquets people are arranged in a certain order, but in different areas, there are different rules concerning seat order.
即使是现在, (日常生活中)正规的宴会, 人们对座次仍然有特定的要求, 但各地的习惯却并不一样。
【词块必记】
(1)arrange (for sb. /sth. ) to do sth. 安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb. about (doing) sth. 就(做)某事与某人安排妥当
arrange that. . . 商定……; 安排……
(2)arrangement n. 整理; 安排; 布置
make arrangements for 为……做好安排
come to/reach an arrangement 谈妥, 达成协议
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I have arranged for him(已经安排他) to pick you up.
②We need to make arrangements for (为……做好安排)the coming final exam.
语段填词
③Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow has been arranged (已准备就绪). I have arranged for Tom to pick up (安排 Tom 开车去接)the experts at the airport. Then I’m arranged to meet (安排接见)Mr Wang. In a word, all the arrangements we made (我们做出的所有安排)are completed.
【写作金句】
We arranged for a car to collect them from the station.
我们安排了一辆轿车从车站接他们。
【误区释疑】
(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth. 而不用arrange sb. to do sth. 。
(2)arrange后接that从句时, 从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
2. apologise/apologize vi. 道歉
【典型例句】
Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologise. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way.
很多时候, 伤害你的人并不打算道歉。他们可能是想伤害你, 或者只是看待事情的方式不一样。
【词块必记】
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb. that. . . 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉
offer/accept an apology 道歉/接受道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I must apologise to you for not being able to meet you.
②Had he not apologised(apologise) to her, she would not have forgiven him.
句型转换
③The teacher made a suggestion that she should say sorry to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behavior.
3. attract vt. 吸引; 引起……注意; 使喜爱; 引起……好感/爱慕
【典型例句】
Upon arrival at the tea house, the foreign students were attracted immediately by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
一到茶馆﹐外国学生就被这里独特的茶壶和茶杯所吸引。
【词块必记】
(1)attract sb. to sth. /sb. 某物/某人吸引某人; 某人对某人/某物有好感
attract one’s attention/interest 引起某人的注意/兴趣
(2)attraction n. 吸引人的地方, 吸引力
(3)attractive adj. 有魅力的, 吸引人的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Suddenly, a beautiful dress in the shop attracted (attract)my attention.
②A job in acting is becoming increasingly attractive (attract) to young people.
完成句子
③Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
被自然的美吸引了, 这个来自伦敦的女孩决定在农场再待两天。
④What first attracted me to him was his sense of humour.
他首先吸引我的是他的幽默感。
4. recover v. 痊愈, 康复; 恢复正常
【典型例句】
I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.
我马上去给她拿了一些药, 然后给她准备了一些面条。在我的特别照顾下, 我母亲很快就康复了。
【词块必记】
(1)recover from 从……中恢复/康复
recover oneself 恢复正常; 使清醒
(2)recovery n. 康复, 恢复
make a recovery 恢复/康复
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My father has made a full recovery(recover) from the operation.
②It can take many years to recover(recover) from the death of a loved one.
完成句子
③Having recovered from cancer(已经从癌症中恢复) after standing great pains, Smith had to try every means to recover losses(弥补损失) when he returned to the company.
5. measure vt. &vi. 测量, 估量, 衡量; (长度、数量)为 n. 测量, 尺度, 标准, 措施, 办法
【典型例句】
From the Earth’s perspective, the Sun moves through a year across the stars or celestial sphere along a path known as the ecliptic, which is measured in 360 degrees longitude.
从地球上观测, 太阳一年里在恒星间或天球划过的轨道称为黄道, 以360度经度来度量。
【词块必记】
measure. . . by. . . 用……来衡量……
make sth. to one’s own measure 按某人自己的尺寸做某物
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take one’s measure 给某人量尺寸
in a/some measure 在某种程度上
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①You should take effective measures(measure) to improve your working conditions.
②Urgent measures have been taken(take) to prevent car emission; but even so, its influence is still great enough to cause smog and acid rain.
语段填词
③It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results. What’s important is that the government should take measures to improve the quality of education.
普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。重要的是, 政府应该采取措施来提高教育质量。
【误区释疑】 measure两点须知
measure意为“有……长(宽、高、重)”时, 为不及物动词, 常用主动形式。 measure表示“措施”时常用复数。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. make it to到达
【典型例句】
Hopefully, you would make it to our activity. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.
希望你能来参加我们的活动。我有信心你会玩得很开心。
【词块必记】
(1)make it (口语)取得成功, 做成; 设法做到; 达到目的; 设法安排
(2)make it+时间 表示约定时间
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes.
②It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成句子
③We could still make it, but we won’t get there till three.
我们仍可以赶到, 只不过要到3点才能到。
7. pick up 捡起; 搭车; 学会; 振作精神; 继续; 好转
【典型例句】
On the farm, my classmates and I helped the farmers to pick up the ripe watermelons.
在农场上, 我和同学们帮助农民们摘熟西瓜。
【词块必记】
pick oneself up 振作精神
pick up speed 加快速度
pick out 挑出; 辨认出
pick off 摘去
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Will you pick up all your toys? (收拾)
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly. (收听)
③I’ll pick you up at your home tomorrow. (接载)
④It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly —he hasn’t lived there very long. (偶然学会)
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas. (好转)
8. in search of 寻找; 寻求
【典型例句】
A group of soldiers went into the woods in search of the missing pilot.
一队士兵去森林寻找失踪的飞行员。
【词块必记】
in one’s/the search for 寻找, 寻求
search+someplace/somebody 搜查某地/搜身
search for 寻找
【语境速测】 介词填空
①A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
②He is determined to go to the USA to search for a better life.
语段填词
The customs were searching for drugs when I came through the airport. They searched everybody’s luggage for them, and they searched the man in front of me from head to foot.
我经过机场时, 海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李, 并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice!
一些鱼可以制造出几乎是你说话音量两倍大的声音!
【句型公式】
倍数的表达法:
(1)A is+倍数+as+adj. /adv. 原级+as+B
(2)A is+倍数+adj. /adv. 的比较级+than+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+n. +of+B
(4)A is+倍数+what从句, 表示“A是……的多少倍”
【误区释疑】
(1)as. . . as结构中两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。
(2)在倍数表达中, 两倍用twice/double, 三倍及三倍以上用“数词+times”来表示, 还可以是分数, 百分数, half等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①When you study the local map, you’ll find this town is twice the size of that one.
②The red ruler is three times longer(long) than the yellow one.
一句多译
这张红色桌子是黄色桌子的三倍长。
③The red desk is three times as long as the yellow one.
④The red desk is three times longer than the yellow one.
⑤The red desk is three times the length of the yellow one.
10. You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你肯定不会遇到比这更嘈杂的鱼。
【典型例句】
Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze won’t be a better choice.
此外, 沿河的景色是惊人的, 有许多著名的景点。那就是我认为长江之旅是一个最好的选择的原因。
【句型公式】
“否定词+比较级”, 表示最高级意义。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①You can’t find a better place in this village.
在这个村子里, 你找不到更好的地方了。
同义句转换
②Doctor Yuan Longping has developed sea-rice, which is the most amazing agricultural progress.
→There is no more amazing agricultural progress than the sea-rice Doctor Yuan Longping has developed.
【备选要点】
1. persuade vt. 说服; 劝服; 使信服; 使相信
【典型例句】
Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates not to reject my idea.
我的大多数同学想去公园, 而我有一个去一个更好的地方的想法。我成功地说服了同学们不要拒绝我的想法。
【词块必记】
persuade sb. (not)to do sth. 说服某人(不)做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. that. . . 使某人相信……
【易混辨析】“劝说”不等于“说服”
persuade
说服; 劝服; 使相信
try to persuade=advise
advise
劝说(不一定成功)
convince
“使相信; 信服; 说服”, 常用结构: convince sb. of sth. 或convince sb. that. . .
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I can’t persuade him to give up(说服他放弃) that silly idea.
单句语法填空
②When he retired three years ago, he persuaded his church music director into taking(take) him as a student.
③I finally managed to persuade her to go(go) out for a drink with me.
2. present adj. 现在的, 目前的; 出席的, 到场的; 存在的
vt. 演示; 讲演; 颁发; 授予; 提出; 显示; 赠送n. 礼物; 目前; 现在
【典型例句】
Many famous Chinese wines of the present day develop from ancient times, mainly from the Ming and the Qing dynasties.
现在的许多中国名酒, 都是从古代发展而来的, 主要是从明清时期发展而来。
【词块必记】
(1)present sb. with sth. 赠送/颁发/授予某人某物
present sth. to sb. 向某人颁发/赠送某物
present sb. to sb. 把某人介绍/引荐给某人
(2)at present/at the present time 现在, 目前
for the present 就现在来说, 暂时
(3)be present at 出席……
【误区释疑】 present作定语的位置
present用作形容词, 表示“在场的”时, 通常作表语或后置定语; 表示“现在的”时, 常用作前置定语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①After making careful preparations, I presented the report to the manager.
②People present at the meeting were mostly scientists from different parts of the world.
完成句子
③He presented to us(向我们展示) that dolphins were intelligent animals.
④The girl presents her teachers with beautiful flowers (漂亮的花) every year.
【巧学助记】 赠送礼物“present”
3. survive vt. 幸存; 幸免于难; 比……活得长; vi. 幸存; 生存下来
【典型例句】
People who survived the earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever. 那些在地震中幸存下来的人将永远不会忘记他们可怕的经历。
【词块必记】
(1)survive sth. 在……中幸免于难, 挺过……
survive from sth. 从……中存活下来/留存下来
survive on sth. 靠……存活
survive sb. by. . . years 比某人多活了……年
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存, 幸免
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She survived her husband by ten years.
②I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Peter’s salary.
语段填词
③After countless interviews, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. As a survivor, I learned that the survival does not depend on luck but a result of my efforts. (survive)
4. recognise vt. 辨认出, 承认, 认可
【典型例句】
The Ming and the Qing dynasties were universally recognised to be the two golden periods in the history of seal cutting, and coincidentally the seal was known as seal cutting then. 明清时期是印章史上公认的两个黄金时期, 以后的印章称为篆刻。
【词块必记】
recognise sb. /sth. (by/from sb. /sth. )
(从某人/某物)认出/辨别出某人/某物
recognise sb. /sth. as/to be 把某人/某物认作
be recognised as 被公认为/承认是……
recognise that. . . 承认……; 意识到……
【知识拓展】 多种“认为……是……”
①regard. . . as. . . ②consider. . . as. . .
③see. . . as. . . ④view. . . as. . .
⑤think of. . . as. . . ⑥look on. . . as. . .
⑦treat. . . as. . . ⑧think. . . to be. . .
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①All of us recognise him to be (be)an expert in this field.
句型转换
②Environmental pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
→It is recognised that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
5. get into trouble陷入麻烦; 陷入困境
【典型例句】
These sailors made it to Africa, where they got into trouble, but eventually everything went well again. 这些水手到达了非洲, 他们在那儿陷入了麻烦但最终一切顺利。
【词块必记】
in trouble 有麻烦, 处于困难中
get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
have trouble/difficulty with sth. /(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦, 自讨苦吃
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I wonder whether he would get into trouble(陷入麻烦).
②My best friend often shares things with me and helps people in trouble(处于困难中).
③Although we’ve learned English for years, we have trouble understanding the foreigners(理解外国人).
④It is very kind of you to take the trouble to help me(不怕麻烦来帮我).
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2019·天津高考) Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement (arrange) is more stable over the long term.
2. (2019·天津高考) The course normally attracts (attract) about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad.
3. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade (persuade) them to keep smiling.
4. ( 2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate (evaluate) yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2019·北京高考)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up(接听)calls from numbers they don’t know.
2. (2019·天津高考> We all age biologically at different rates according to(根据; 依照)our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in.
3. (2019·天津高考)I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with(处理)books.
4. (2019·天津高考)I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this(当他或她写下这个的时候).
5. (2019·江苏高考)Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labor and goods, with poor results(差的结果).
Ⅲ. 语法填空
According 1. to an old story, once there was an old man who made a
2. living(live) by fishing. One day, he arranged to go to sea 3. in search of some treasures in the sea. He was about to make it to the destination 4. when a big shark appeared. Though he 5. got(get) into great trouble, he remembered that his wife persuaded him 6. to watch(watch) out for dangerous sea animals, so he came up with a wonderful idea to deal 7. with the problem. At last, he got rid of the shark and 8. made(make) it to a safe place. Later he made an
9. apology (apologise) to his wife and promised that he would never set sail on
10. his(he) own any more.
核心素养 提高学生保护海洋、保护自然、科学探索的意识。
高考链接 2019·北京高考阅读理解D; 2019·浙江高考阅读理解C; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·北京高考阅读理解D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, ”she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. ” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, ” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。一份研究表明, 到本世纪末, 全球气候变暖会导致海洋更蓝更绿, 并分析了原因。
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章第一段主要说明了研究的结论; 第二段具体分析了原因, 故选B。
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由下句可知气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征, 影响浮游生物的生长, 因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳才能生长, 而且需要养分, 可知本句主要是说浮游生物对气候的变化很敏感。beneficial “有益的”; significant “非同一般的”; unnoticeable “不被注意的, 忽略的”, 根据语境可知选A。
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第四段可知在一些海域变暖会使浮游生物的生存条件更加成熟, 而这些地区将变得更绿。故选D。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
【解析】选C。目的意图题。本文主要说全球气候变暖会使海洋更蓝更绿并分析了原因, 故选C。
【微技能点拨】 定位关键句, 提炼主旨大意
解答主旨大意题需要对首尾段或文中的某些细节进行语义概括。若考查把握某一段落大意时﹐需全面理解整段的内容, 尤其是首尾或某些中间句, 此时可采用“定位关键句”的解题方法。
本文中第1题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: first two paragraphs
Step 2 原文信息关键句: Ocean colour varies from green to blue; thanks to a warming climate
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B 。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
climate n. 气候
marine adj. 海洋的
organism n. 有机体
ocean n. 海洋
colourful adj. 鲜艳的
短语句式
give off 发出(光等)
because of 因为; 由于
depend on 依靠
It’ll be +一段时间+before. . . “……多久之后才……”
熟词新义
fuel n. 燃料vt. 给……提供燃料; 刺激; 推动
matter n. 物质; 事件vi. 有关系; 要紧
project n. 计划; 项目v. 计划; 投射; 表现; 突出
【微语法填空】
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) 1. __________ (call) phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue,
2. __________ (depend) on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, 3. __________ they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, it 4. __________ (change) the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will
5. __________ (probable) be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning 6. __________ (signal) that we really have changed our planet.
1. 【解析】called。 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为过去分词作后置定语, 名词microorganisms与动词call之间为被动关系, 故填called。
2. 【解析】depending。考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为现在分词作状语, 逻辑主语Ocean colour 与动词depend之间为主动关系, 故填depending。
3. 【解析】where。考查连词。分析句式结构可知, 此处为定语从句, 先行词为地点名词, 定语从句不缺主语和宾语, 所以用关系副词where引导, 故填where。
4. 【解析】will change。考查动词时态。分析句式结构可知此处前后为if引导的条件状语从句, 符合“主将从现”, 故填will change。
5. 【解析】probably。考查词性转换。此处修饰系动词be用副词, 故填probably。
6. 【解析】signals。 句意: 海洋颜色的变化将是我们确实改变了地球的早期预警信号之一。根据句意可知此处用名词复数, 符合语境, 故填signals。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假如你是李华, 你的英国朋友Tom看到你在微信上分享了学校最近举行的主题为“建设绿色家园”的植树活动, 发邮件向你询问有关情况。请你用英语回复邮件, 内容包括: 1. 活动情况简介; 2. 活动的意义。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 要点写作
根据汉语提示补全句子。
①得知你对我们的植树活动感兴趣, 我很高兴。
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree-planting activity.
②该活动每年举办一次, 主题各异。
The activity is held annually with different themes.
③今年的主题是“建设绿色家园”。
This year’s theme is “Building A Green Home”.
④这次活动是在3月12日, 我们的全民义务植树日。
The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree-planting Day.
⑤一大早, 所有的老师和学生都聚集在西山。
Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill.
⑥我们花了一上午的时间挖土、种植和浇水。
We spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering.
⑦最终大约种植了200棵树。
Eventually about 200 trees were planted.
⑧我们看到树在微风中摇曳。
We see the trees waving in the breeze.
⑨尽管累了, 但我们都感到兴奋和自豪。
We all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
⑩毫无疑问, 我们从这次活动中获益良多。
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity.
它不仅给我们带来劳动的乐趣, 而且帮助我们发展团队精神。
It not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit.
希望你明年能加入我们。
Hopefully you can join us next year.
Step 2 句式升级
把第⑤、⑥合并为主从复合句
Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering.
把第⑧、⑨合并为含有分词作状语的非谓语结构
Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Step 3 组句成篇
运用关联词串连以上句子。
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to learn that you are interested in our tree-planting activity.
The activity is held annually with different themes. This year’s theme is “Building A Green Home”. The activity was held on March 12, our National Tree-planting Day. Early in the morning, all the teachers and students gathered on the West Hill, where we spent the whole morning digging, planting and watering. Eventually about 200 trees were planted. Seeing the trees waving in the breeze, we all felt excited and proud despite tiredness.
Undoubtedly, we benefit a lot from the activity, which not only brings us the pleasure of labor but also helps us to develop team spirit. Hopefully you can join us next year.
Yours,
Li Hua
相关学案
统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit7TheSea课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218221学案： 这是一份统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit7TheSea课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218221学案，共14页。学案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit14Careers学案北师大版： 这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit14Careers学案北师大版，共25页。学案主要包含了词块必记，熟词生义，语境速测，误区释疑，写作金句，文化金句，思维拓展，典型例句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit9Wheels学案北师大版： 这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit9Wheels学案北师大版，共26页。学案主要包含了典型例句，词块必记，语境速测，知识拓展，误区释疑，句型公式，备选要点，巧学助记等内容，欢迎下载使用。
