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高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit11TheMedia学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit11TheMedia学案北师大版，共25页。学案主要包含了词块必记，误区释疑，语境速测，写作金句，思维拓展，熟词生义，文化金句，典型例句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C)
Befre the 1830s, mst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then, was tward the “penny paper”—a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible(but nt easy)t buy single cpies f newspapers befre 1830, but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer’s ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny—usually tw r three cents was charged—and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase “penny paper ” caught the public’s fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
This new trend f newspapers fr “the man n the street” did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与媒体有关的单词。
newspaper, subscriptin, annual, audience, appeal, public, cpy, reader, develpment, printer, purchase, sale, fancy, trend, publisher, business
2. 写出文章中的优美句式。
①In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience.
②It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. demand vt. 要求, 请求; 需要 n. 要求; 需求(量), 需要
教材原句
Refrms have been demanded by peple frm all ver the wrld. (P22)世界各地的人民都要求改革。
【词块必记】
(1)demand t d sth. 要求做某事
demand sth. f sb. 向某人要求某事
demand that. . . (shuld) d sth. 要求……做某事
(2)meet/satisfy ne’s demands满足某人的要求
in demand非常需要的; 受欢迎的
(3)demanding adj. 要求高的; 要求严格的
【误区释疑】
demand与介词in和n都可搭配, 但意义不同: in demand有需要的, 受欢迎的; n demand一经要求……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My father came dwnstairs and demanded t knw (knw) what was ging n.
②The UN has demanded that all trps (shuld) be withdrawn (withdraw).
③Yesterday evening, the cuple came t my huse and demanded help f me.
完成句子
④They demanded that the cmpany (shuld) give them an explanatin.
他们要求公司给他们一个解释。
⑤In the unusual ht summer, air cnditiners were in great demand.
在这异常炎热的夏天, 空调的需求量极大。
2. emply vt. 雇用; 聘请; 使忙于; 使从事于
教材原句
Newspapers and magazines are willing t pay high prices fr phtgraphs f famus peple taken by these self-emplyed phtgraphers. (P24)
报纸和杂志愿意为自由职业的摄影师拍摄的名人照片出高价。
【词块必记】
emply sb. t d sth. 雇用某人做某事
emply sb. as雇用某人作为……
emply neself in=be emplyed in
从事……
【构词法】
emply+-ment(名词后缀)→emplyment n.使用; 职业; 雇用
emply+-er/-ee→emplyer n.雇主, 老板/emplyee n. 雇员
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He has been emplyed in writing a new bk these days.
②Graduates are finding it mre and mre difficult t find anemplyment (emply).
③A number f peple have been emplyed t deal (deal) with the backlg f wrk.
句型转换
④She has been emplyed in making preparatins fr the cming final exam all mrning.
→She has emplyed herself in making preparatins fr the cming final exam all mrning.
【写作金句】
Yur time culd be usefully emplyed in attending night classes.
你的时间可以被有效地利用来上夜课。
3. attempt vt. & n. 尝试, 试图
教材原句
But smetimes, the paparazzi g t far in their attempt t get the best phtgraphs. (P24)但是, 有时候狗仔队因想拍摄(效果)最好的照片而做得太过分了。
【词块必记】
(1)attempt t d sth. =try t d sth. =seek t d sth.
试图做某事
(2)in an attempt t d sth. 为了做某事
make an attempt t d/at ding sth.
企图做某事
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attemptedadj. 企图的, 未遂的
【思维拓展】attempt t d sth. 相当于try t d sth. , 意为“试图做某事”, 但不一定成功; 而succeed in ding sth. /manage t d sth. 意为“成功地做某事”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The bys made an attempt t leave (leave) fr camping but were stpped by their parents.
②Nt many peple can answer this questin at the first attempt.
③She was charged with attempted (attempt) murder f her husband.
句式转换
④I have attempted t cnvince him, but in vain. (attempt vt. )
→I have made an attempt t cnvince/at cnvincing him, but in vain. (attempt n. )
【写作金句】
Peple were attempting t help each ther meet the challenges. 人们努力互相帮助, 迎接挑战。
4. respect vt. 尊敬, 尊重 n. 细节; 方面; 敬意; 问候
教材原句
The media shuld respect famus peple’s privacy. (P25)
媒体应该尊重名人的隐私。
【词块必记】
(1)respect sb. fr sth. 因某事而尊重某人
(2)have/shw respect fr sb. 尊重某人
give/send ne’s respects t sb. 向某人表达问候
ut f respect fr. . . 出于对……的尊敬
with respect受到尊重地
(3)in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect f=with respect t关于; 关心; 尊敬
respect t关于; 关心; 尊敬
【熟词生义】The new leader has prmised t respect the cnstitutin. (遵守)
新的领导人承诺遵守宪法。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①In additin, yu shuld shw respect fr all the teachers wh unselfishly help yu t gain much knwledge.
②With respect t yur ther suggestins, I am nt yet able t tell yu ur decisin.
③Chinese children grw up with warnings nt t waste a single grain f rice, ut f respect fr farmers’ labr.
完成句子
④Einstein was greatly respected as a great scientist.
爱因斯坦作为一名著名科学家受到人们极大的尊敬。
⑤Please give my respects t yur parents.
请代我向你父母表示问候。
【文化金句】
Respect yurself, r n ne else will respect yu.
要人尊敬, 必须自重。
5. cnclude vt. &vi. 做出结论; 结束; 完成; 断定; 推断
教材原句
Leeds University cncluded that peple made a distinctin between bad language used in prgrammes fr adults, and thse meant fr children. (P28)
利兹大学作出结论, 人们对成人节目和儿童节目中使用的不良语言之间是有区别的。
【词块必记】
(1)cnclude. . . frm. . . 从……中得出/推断出……
cnclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
cnclude that. . . 得出结论
t cnclude总而言之, 最后
(2)cnclusinn. 结论
draw/cme t/arrive at/reach a cnclusin
得出结论
in cnclusin最后, 总之
【思维拓展】表示“总而言之, 总的来说”的常用表达还有: ①n balance ②in a wrd ③in shrt ④in brief
⑤in cnclusin/t cnclude ⑥t sum up等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He cncluded frm their remarks that they were nt in favur f the plan.
②Let me cnclude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.
③I’ve cme t the cnclusin (cnclude) that he’s nt the right persn fr the jb.
完成句子
④Researchers cnclude that the French tend t stp eating when they feel full.
研究者得出法国人感觉饱了以后往往不会再吃了。
⑤In cnclusin/T cnclude, it’s wrthwhile t rebuild the ld bridge.
总之, 重建那座旧桥是值得的。
【写作金句】
It can be cncluded that riding bicycles is really gd fr an individual as well as the whle sciety.
可以得出结论, 骑自行车对个人和整个社会都有好处。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. in favur f支持, 赞同
教材原句
I’m in favur f sme kind f cntrl. (P25)
我支持某种控制。
【词块必记】
【思维拓展】表示“赞成, 同意”的常用表达还有:
①be fr ②agree with ③agree n ④agree t等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①There were 247 vtes in favur f the plan and 152 against it.
②She was nt in favur with the media just nw.
③Mary asked a favur f me, but I was t busy t help her.
完成句子
④D me a favur and turn the radi dwn while I’m n the phne.
请您帮我个忙, 在我打电话的时候把收音机的音量关小。
⑤I wed him a favur, s I culdn’t say n.
我欠他一个人情, 所以无法拒绝。
7. stand ut突出, 显眼
教材原句
Mdern advertisements must stand ut in a wrld full f cmpetitin by cmbining the highest standards f design with ideas linked t the prducts t make them mre attractive. (P26)现代广告必须把最高的设计水平和产品理念相结合, 以增强吸引力, 这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。
【词块必记】
stand ut frm/amng. . . 在……中突出/杰出
stand fr代表; 支持
stand by袖手旁观; 无动于衷; 支持
stand up fr sb. /sth. 支持, 拥护
stand n ne’s wn feet自立
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and d nthing when she needs help?
②What d the letters N. B. stand fr?
③We must stand up fr ur rights.
完成句子
④She is the srt f persn wh stands ut in a crwd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
⑤It’s even easier t fllw if we knw what all f thse stand fr.
如果我们知道这些代表的是什么, 它就更容易理解了。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. Hwever, nt all advertising is abut selling prducts and services fr a prfit.
然而, 并非所有的广告都是为了谋求利润而推销产品和提供服务的。
【典型例句】
Nt all f them knw the answer. (=All f them dn’t knw the answer. )并不是他们所有的人都知道答案。
【句型公式】
(1)不定代词all, bth, each, every, everybdy, everyne, everything; 形容词cmplete, entire, whle; 副词cmpletely, entirely, whlly, altgether等和否定词nt连用, 构成部分否定。
(2)不定代词nne, nbdy, nthing, n ne, neither; 副词(词组)n, never, nwhere, n mre, n lnger等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用, 构成全部否定。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①All these bks are nt ppular with peple.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。
②I agree with mst f what yu said, but I dn’t agree with everything.
我同意你说的大部分内容, 但我并非同意你所讲的一切。
③Nthing in my life impressed me s deeply as my first visit t the Great Wall.
在我的一生中, 印象最深的就是第一次去参观长城。
9. They want the leaders t cancel the debt f Africa’s prest cuntries s that the prblems there can be prevented frm getting any wrse.
他们希望这些(国家的)领导人取消非洲最贫穷国家的债务, 以使那个地区的问题不再恶化。
【典型例句】
The teacher speaks slwly s that his students can understand well.
老师讲得很慢, 以便他的学生们能很好地理解。
【句型公式】
(1)引导目的状语从句的连词还有: in rder that, fr fear that, in case等。
(2)目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may/might, can/culd, shuld, will等情态动词。通常主句在前, 从句在后, 主句和从句之间没有逗号。
(3)在目的状语从句中, 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时, 可以把s that或in rder that转换成t, s as t 或in rder t。
【误区释疑】s as t和in rder t都可以接动词不定式, 表示目的。但是要注意in rder t 可放在句首, 但不能拆开; 而s as t一般不放在句首, 但可以拆开使用。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①They wrte the ntices in several languages s that freign turists culd understand them.
他们把通知用几国文字写出来, 以便让各国游客都能看得懂。
②We arrived early in rder that we culd get gd seats.
我们到得早, 以便找到好座位。
③He’s wrking hard fr fear (that) he shuld fail.
他一直努力工作唯恐他会失败。
一句多译
我们坐得更靠近前台是为了听得更清楚。
④We will sit near the frnt s that we can hear better.
⑤We will sit near the frnt t/in rder t/s as t hear better.
【备选要点】
1. blame vt. 责怪; 归咎于n. 过失; 责备
教材原句
Well, a lt f peple blame the media fr encuragement f the paparazzi. (P24)
哦, 很多人因为媒体对狗仔队的鼓励而谴责媒体。
【词块必记】
(1)blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于……
be t blame (fr. . . )应(为……)承担责任; 该(为……)受责备
(2)take the blame fr sth. 对某事负责任
put/lay the blame fr sth. n sb. /sth.
把某事的责任推到某人/某事物身上
【误区释疑】
在be t blame (fr) 短语中, 不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She desn’t blame anybdy fr her father’s death.
②Yu shuld take the blame fr what yu have dne.
③Dn’t always blame yur wn failure n thers.
④T be hnest, it was Su’s fault, but Li was als t blame (blame).
一句多译
⑤我们不能把这起事故归咎于天气。
We can’t blame the accident n the weather. (blame v. )
=We can’t put/lay the blame fr the accident n the weather. (blame n. )
2. pretend vt. 假装; 装作
【典型例句】
Pretending t be a repair man t get int the huse f a film star and take pictures f her daily life. 假扮成维修工进入电影明星的房子, 拍摄她日常生活的照片。
【词块必记】
【熟词生义】
It’s unwise t pretend t be a rich man.
假装成一个富人并不明智。(自夸, 炫耀)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She pretended nt t knw(nt knw) me when we met in the street.
②He pretended t be reading(read) an imprtant paper when the bss entered.
③The applicant pretended t have wrked(wrk) fr a newspaper befre.
句型转换
④She pretended that she was nt at hme when we rang the bell.
→She pretended nt t be at hme when we rang the bell.
3. apprach n. 接近, 逼近, 走近; 方法, 方式; 途径, 通道 vt. & vi. 接近; 靠近; 接洽; 要求; 着手处理
教材原句
Fr many f tday’s advertisers, repeating ld ideas is nt a successful apprach. (P26)
对于今天很多的广告人来说, 重复那些已经过时的理念不是一种成功的途径。
【词块必记】
(1)the apprach f. . . ……的方法; ……的临近
the apprach t (ding) sth. (做)某事的方法; 去某处的通道
make an apprach t sth. /sb. 对某事进行探讨/和某人打交道
(2)apprach sb. abut/fr sth. 向某人要求某事
apprach sb. abut ding sth. 要求某人做某事
be appraching快到了
【思维拓展】英语中“快到了”的表达还有: ①be cming ②be arund the crner ③be n the hrizn等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The teacher has decided t adpt a new apprach t teaching (teach) English.
②We have made appraches t them in the hpe f establishing a business relatinship.
③Did Mary apprach yu abut lending her sme mney?
④The shadws were lengthened with the apprach f sunset.
完成句子
⑤The time is appraching when we must think abut buying a new huse.
我们必须要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临。
⑥With Valentine’s Day appraching, many shps in Beijing are selling Valentine’s Day items t meet the needs f yung lvers. 随着情人节的临近, 北京许多商店出售情人节物品以满足年轻情侣的需求。
4. cme dwn t结果是, 可归结为
教材原句
In the end, it came dwn t a chice between Paris and Lndn. (P23)最后, 是在巴黎和伦敦之间选择。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】cme dwn t中的t为介词, 其后跟名词或动名词作宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What it cmes dwn t is whether we stay here r leave.
②He came acrss an ld friend n the way hme yesterday.
③Hw did it cme abut that he left schl?
完成句子
④What d ur chices in this matter cme dwn t?
我们对这件事的选择结果是什么?
⑤When it cmes t tennis, yu can’t beat her.
说到打网球, 你是赢不了她的。
⑥The truth is beginning t cme ut what happened.
所发生的事情的真相开始浮出水面。
5. cnsist f由……组成; 由……构成
教材原句
Sme advertisements cnsist f pictures r the wrds f experts t shw peple hw gd the prducts are. (P26)
有些广告包括图片或专家的言辞, 为了向人们展示这些产品有多么好。
【词块必记】
(1)cnsist f=be cmpsed f=be made up f
由……组成
(2)cnsist in=lie in在于
cnsist with一致; 符合
(3)cnsistent adj. 一致的; 持续的
be cnsistent with与……一致
【误区释疑】cnsist f不可用于被动形式, 也不可用过去分词在句中充当定语或状语等成分。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The beauty f the city cnsists/lies in its magnificent buildings.
②Still, the results are cnsistent with the evidence.
一句多译
我校的志愿团队由20人组成。
③The vluntary team in ur schl cnsists f 20 peple.
④The vluntary team in ur schl is made up f 20 peple.
⑤The vluntary team in ur schl is cmpsed f 20 peple.
6. g ahead with开始做, 着手干
教材原句
Hwever, the gvernment is planning t g ahead with the building next year. (P30)
尽管如此, 政府仍在打算明年继续建设。
【词块必记】
ahead f (时间、空间)在……前面
ahead f time提前
g ahead发生, 进行; (用于祈使句)请吧, 说吧
【思维拓展】
表示“提前”的表达还有: ①ahead f schedule
②in advance
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The gvernment intends t g ahead with its tax cutting plans.
完成句子
②Frank will be late but we’ll g ahead with the meeting anyway.
弗兰克会晚些时候到, 不过, 我们还是先开会。
③I finished several days ahead f the deadline.
我是在最后期限的几天前完成的。
【写作金句】
In the afternn we will g ahead with learning hw t make zngzi in the fd wrkshp.
下午我们将继续学习如何在食品车间包粽子。
7. AIDS is anther prblem f great cncern s sex educatin and health care administratin are extremely imprtant. 艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题, 所以性教育和卫生保健管理非常重要。
【典型例句】
①Mthers’ labur is f a higher value than it is realised.
母亲们的劳动价值远远高于社会所认识到的。
②Yur bag is f the same size with mine.
你的书包和我的一样大。
【句型公式】
(1)f (+great, n, little, sme, much)+抽象名词(value, imprtance, use, help, interest, significance, benefit, necessity等), 这类名词一般可转化为其相应的形容词形式。
(2)f (+different, the same, similar)+分类名词(kind, type, srt, shape, size, clur, length, depth, width, weight, height, age, date等)
(3)f (+gd, bad, nice, fine, serius, high等)+性质名词(quality, character, characteristics, feature等)
【语境速测】 完成句子
①New Zealand grape wine is f high quality and is sld all ver the wrld.
新西兰葡萄酒质量好, 行销全世界。
②The dictinary is f great help t learners f English.
这本词典对英语学习者有很大帮助。
③His advice is f great value t me.
他的建议对我来说很有价值。
句式转换
④Ding mrning exercises is f help t yur health.
→Ding mrning exercises is helpful t yur health.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江高考)Thse wh had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding(demand) jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests.
2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)It’s been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees(emply) in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.
3. (2020·天津高考 )This led Jnes t the cnclusin (cnclude)that there are t many extremely lnely peple in his cmmunity, wh are easy targets f cheating.
4. (2020·浙江高考)Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins (cntribute)t the theater.
5. (2019·天津高考)Hwever, technlgy is als the applicatin(apply) f scientific knwledge t slve a prblem, tuching lives in cuntless ways.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
The manager planned t hire sme new 1. emplyees(emply) t take the place f the ld wrkers. Because he fund the ld wrkers were cnservative and even sme f them 2. pretended(pretend) t be wrking. When he put frward his idea at the meeting yesterday, nt all the wrkers agreed with him. Sme ld wrkers 3. blamed(blame) him fr shwing n respect 4. fr them, but the majrity thught the new graduates wuld make the cmpany stand 5. ut in the new market and his idea was f great benefit fr the cmpany t develp. Therefre, at the prpsal f the manager, they are all in favur 6. f setting up an innvatin team 7. cnsisting (cnsist)f eight yung peple. The team attempted 8. t adpt (adpt)sme new 9. appraches(apprach) t change the face f the cmpany. 10. T cnclude, it was a very imprtant team since the cmpany was funded.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2021·辽阳模拟)
I am very fnd f watching mvies. When I’m free, the first thing I’d like d is buy sme snacks and then fund a ht mvie t watch. Befre watching s many mvies, I’m impressing by The Lrd f the Rings mst. This mvie has three series and I like it all. Thugh the mvie was sht many years ag, it is still nt ut f the date. It was sht in New Zealand, and the scenery in the mvie is such beautiful that I can’t mve my eye away every time I watch it. I plan t travel t New Zealand in what I can have a lk n the beautiful scenery.
1. 【解析】第二句在like后加t。考查不定式。wuld like t d sth. 喜欢做某事, 为固定短语, 所以需在like后加t。
2. 【解析】第二句fund改为find。考查动词。本文时态为一般现在时, 且由前面的buy可知, 这里动词find需用一般现在时态, 故需将fund改为find。
3. 【解析】第三句Befre改为After。考查连词。前半句的意思是“观看这么多的电影”, 后半句的意思是“我对于《指环王》这部电影的印象最深”, 所以这里的逻辑关系应该是看过电影后才会对某个电影有感触, Befre(在……之前), 需改为After(在……之后)。
4. 【解析】第三句impressing改为impressed。考查被动语态。由句中的by可知, 这里需用被动语态, 故需将impressing改为impressed。
5. 【解析】第四句it改为them。考查代词。这里的代词应该代指前面的three series, 所以需用复数形式, 故需将it改为them。
6. 【解析】第五句删除第二个the。考查固定短语。ut f date过时, 为固定短语, 所以需删除第二个the。
7. 【解析】第六句such改为s。考查s的用法。such后接名词, s+形容词/副词, 所以需将such改为s。
8. 【解析】第六句eye改为eyes。考查名词复数。eye不止一只, 所以这里需用复数形式, 故将eye改为eyes。
9. 【解析】第七句what改为which。考查关系词。由New Zealand可知, 这里需用地点副词where, 表示地点, 也可用介词+关系代词, what不是关系代词, 所以需将what改为which。
10. 【解析】第七句n改为at。考查固定短语。have a lk at sth. 观看某物, 为固定短语, 所以需将n改为at。
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020· 天津高考阅读理解A)
Hw t Use a Mdern Public Library
Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s, yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rms with bks. They have transfrmed themselves int places where yu can develp yur lve f knwledge, meet interesting peple, r find ut hw t start a business.
Check ut a bk. While libraries still lan ut(出借)bks, yu’ll find it easier t get a cpy f whatever yu’re lking fr, thanks t a cperative netwrk f area libraries. Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks with each ther thrugh the use f delivery vehicles. Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
Check ut ther items. The library is nw a multimedia zne, laded with infrmatin in many frmats(载体形式). Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. If a ppular magazine yu want isn’t ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
Jin targeted reading grups. Libraries will ften hld reading-grup sessins targeted t varius age grups. Perhaps yu’d like t learn a language r imprve yur English. The library may spnsr a language grup yu culd jin. If yu have difficulties reading, ask abut special reading pprtunities. Yur library might be able t accmmdate yu. And yu might find it relaxing t bring yur small kid t a half-hur Stry Time while yu sit quietly in a crner with a gd bk.
Start a business using the help f yur lcal library. If yu want t have a business f yur wn, yur lcal library can becme a launch space fr it. In library bks and cmputers, yu can find infrmatin n starting a business. Many libraries will help yu with lcally supplied infrmatin abut business management shared thrugh chambers f cmmerce(商会)and gvernment agencies, and they will ffer printing, faxing and database services yu need.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章从更方便快捷的借出形式, 更丰富的载体媒介, 更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持四个方面来介绍现代公共图书馆的提升和改变。
1. Public libraries cnnected by a cperative netwrk benefit readers by.
A. sharing their bks n the Internet
B. giving access t nline reading at a library branch
C. sending a needed bk t a library branch nearby
D. making the checkut prcedures diverse
【解析】选C。细节理解题。题干问: 通过连接区域协作网, 公共图书馆能给读者带来什么好处? 可将答案定位在第二段“Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks. . . the nearest branch”, 图书馆通过接入区域协作网能将借书人要求的书调配到最近的图书馆, 故选C。
2. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what items may be checked ut frm a public library?
A. A magazine and an e-bk.
B. A game and an il painting.
C. A music CD and a kid’s ty.
D. A DVD and a vide player.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。由题干定位第三段。由Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. 可知, 现代图书馆除了可以借出书籍之外, 还可以借出DVD、CD和杂志。有些图书馆甚至可以出借玩具和游戏碟片。故选C。
3. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid t a half-hur Stry Time allws ______.
A. the kid t learn a new language
B. the parent t enjy quiet reading
C. the kid t vercme reading difficulties
D. the parent t meet their prgram spnsr
【解析】选 B。细节理解题。由题干定位第四段。由第四段最后一句可知家长能享受安静的阅读。故选B。
4. Yur lcal library can help yu start a business by ______.
A. prviding relevant infrmatin and supprting services
B. ffering prfessinal advice n business management
C. supplying useful infrmatin f yur ptential buyers
D. arranging meetings with gvernment fficials
【解析】选A。推理判断题。题干问: 当地图书馆能通过什么方式来帮助你创业? 由题干lcal library, start a business可定位第五段。B项“提供商业管理的专业意见”, 这一点与文中“supplied infrmatin abut business management”意义不一致; C项“提供潜在买家的有用信息”文中并没有提到这一点; D项“安排与政府官员的会面”文中也并没有提到。根据题干以及排除错误选项, 故选A。
5. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T pint ut the imprtance f public libraries.
B. T encurage peple t wrk in public libraries.
C. T intrduce the imprved services f public libraries.
D. T call fr the mdernizatin f public library systems.
【解析】选C。写作意图题。本文通过介绍现代图书馆更快捷的借出形式, 更丰富的载体媒介, 更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持来说明现代图书馆的提升和改变。C项“介绍公共图书馆的提升服务”符合。故选C。
【长难句剖析】
If a ppular magazine yu want isn’t ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
分析: yu want 在这里作定语, if引导条件状语从句。
翻译: 如果你想要的一本流行杂志在图书馆没有了, 那么它会把你需要的书列成清单, 当很多人需要这本书的时候, 它会将这本书引进。
【微技能点拨】
解答细节理解题时若题干或选项中不出现原文中的直接信息, 考生则需要对原文信息进行转换, 再进一步推断出答案, 此时可采用“同义对应”方法进行解答。
本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词: cnnected by a cperative netwrk
Step 2 回到原文准定位: 定位在第二段“Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks. . . the nearest branch”, 图书馆通过接入区域协作网能将借书人要求的书调配到最近的图书馆。
Step 3 对比选项, 同义对应: 尝试解答 C 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B改编)
When Rise f the Planet f the Apes was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, 1. dressed(dress) in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)! ”
The creative team behind“Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, 2. spending(spend) tens f millins f dllars n technlgy 3. that/which recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin 4. than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which 5. mnitrs(mnitr) the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2, 000 prductins this year. Already, a number f 6. films(film), including Water fr Elephants, The Hangver Part Ⅱ and Zkeeper, have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated 7. prperly(prper).
In sme cases, it’s nt s much 8. the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2021·北京模拟)
假设你是新华中学的学生李华, 得知某英文报招聘兼职记者, 你有意应聘, 请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。
1. 表示感兴趣;
2. 说明优势: 知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历;
3. 希望得到回复。
注意: 词数100左右。
Dear Sir r Madam,
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升(短语优先)
Therefre, I can wrk in English and interact with peple with different backgrunds. →Therefre, I had experience f wrking in English and interacting with peple with different backgrunds.
②句式多变(时间状语从句和定语从句)
I came back t China and wrte a frntpage stry abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper. →When I came back t China, I wrte a frntpage stry that was abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper.
③逻辑严谨
Therefre, In fact, als, By reading newspapers daily, if条件状语从句等的运用使文章衔接自然, 逻辑严谨。
Step 2 妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)
Dear Sir r Madam,
I am in the ninth grade at Xinhua Middle Schl. My English teacher tld me that yur magazine is lking fr part-time reprters. I believe I have the right skills and enugh mtivatin t take n the jb.
I wrked as a vlunteer at the Cmmn Wealth Games in Australia last spring. Therefre, I had experience f wrking in English and interacting with peple with different backgrunds. In fact, I made friends with peple wrldwide. I als had a chance t practice team abilities. When I came back t China, I wrte a frntpage stry abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper.
I stand ut amng my peers by keeping a strng interest in learning things beynd my textbks. By reading newspapers daily, I am able t fllw the imprtant events and discuss them with parents r classmates.
I’d appreciate it s much if yu culd pssibly cnsider my applicatin. I’m lking frward t yur early reply and please email me at lihua @yah. cm. cn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·威海模拟)
Ne Zha, the first Chinese 3D animated film released n July 26th, sweeps the Chinese bx ffice. 1 Please read mre t find ut.
2
Althugh Ne Zha’s appearance in this film first makes a strange impressin n audience, the new Ne Zha is being praised fr hitting the sft spt in many hearts as cl, smart and entertaining.
The creative adaptatin is nt limited t Ne Zha’s appearance. 3 Yang Yu, Ne Zha’s directr, characterizes the rle as a rebellius yuth wh tries his best t fight against prejudice and change his fate. Brn as a ball f flesh, Ne Zha is hated, but he believes he can chse t be a mnster r a gd.
S this fresh reprductin f the ancient legendary figure pulls at the hearts f the yung fr they can see themselves in Ne Zha.
Cntemprary values
The fact that the film can tuch the audience cmes dwn t the cntemprary values presented in the film.
Ne Zha’s fight against prejudice mentined abve is the majr value advcated by the film. Meanwhile his parents’ parenting style is anther aspect. 4 The imprtance f parents’ cmpany during children’s grwth is als discussed in the film thrugh Ne Zha’s mther.
Fine prductin
In additin t the rich cntent, Ne Zha’s fine prductin, is anther aspect that makes Chinese cartn lvers prud. 5 As the mst cmplex animated prductin ever made in China, Ne Zha has 1, 318 special effects shts. T realize the film’s fairy tale setting, mre than 1, 600 peple wrked arund the clck fr three years.
Rich cntent, crrect values and spectacular prductin. Cartn fans cheered as they have every reasn t be prud f Ne Zha.
A. Creative adaptatin
B. Husehld legendary figure
C. Why des Ne Zha make such a huge success?
D. It makes peple think abut this questin again.
E. It tk the directr tw years t plish the script.
F. Peple can als see a majr change in his character.
G. Many peple cnsider it inspiring fr cntemprary parents.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。7月26日上映的中国首部3D动画电影《哪吒》横扫中国票房。文章主要从三个方面分析了《哪吒》会取得巨大成功的原因。
1. 【解析】选C。结合下文主要说明了电影《哪吒》取得巨大成功的原因, 由此可知, 此处为设问句, 有启示下文的作用。故C选项“为什么《哪吒》会取得如此巨大的成功? ”符合上下文语境, 故选C。
2. 【解析】选A。根据下文The creative adaptatin is nt limited t Ne Zha’s appearance. 可知创意改编并不局限于哪吒的外表。由此可知, 本部分说明的是《哪吒》有创造性改编的情况。故A选项“有创造性的改编”符合上下文语境, 故选A。
3. 【解析】选F。根据下文Yang Yu, Ne Zha’s directr, characterizes the rle as a rebellius yuth wh tries his best t fight against prejudice and change his fate. 可知《哪吒》的导演杨宇将这个角色刻画成一个叛逆的年轻人, 他努力与偏见作斗争, 改变自己的命运。由此可知, 本段说明的是电影《哪吒》中对于“哪吒”这个角色的性格改编, 使这个角色的性格有重大变化。故F选项“人们也能看到他性格上的重大变化”符合上下文语境, 故选F。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文Ne Zha’s fight against prejudice mentined abve is the majr value advcated by the film. Meanwhile his parents’ parenting style is anther aspect. 可知同时, 他父母的教养方式也是另一个方面。以及下文The imprtance f parents’ cmpany during children’s grwth is als discussed in the film thrugh Ne Zha’s mther. 可知影片还通过哪吒的母亲讲述了父母陪伴孩子成长的重要性。由此可推知, 本句应当承接上文说明《哪吒》中哪吒的父母教育方式对于当代父母的启发性。故G选项“许多人认为这对当代父母很有启发性”符合上下文语境, 故选G。
5. 【解析】选E。根据后文As the mst cmplex animated prductin ever made in China, Ne Zha has 1, 318 special effects shts. T realize the film’s fairy tale setting, mre than 1, 600 peple wrked arund the clck fr three years. 可知作为中国有史以来最复杂的动画片, 《哪吒》有1318个特效镜头。为了实现影片的童话背景, 1600多人连续三年夜以继日地努力工作。由此可知, 本段说明的是创作团队对于这部电影所付出的努力, 且主要以列数字的方式来体现。故E选项“导演花了两年时间润色剧本”符合上下文语境, 故选E。短语句式
a Mdern Public Library; lan ut ; check ut a bk
话题词汇
dusty adj. 灰尘覆盖的 transfrm v. 改变, 转换 spnsr v. 赞助, 发起 n. 赞助者, 主办人 accmmdate v. 容纳, 使适应 supply v. 供应
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C)
Befre the 1830s, mst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then, was tward the “penny paper”—a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible(but nt easy)t buy single cpies f newspapers befre 1830, but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer’s ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny—usually tw r three cents was charged—and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase “penny paper ” caught the public’s fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
This new trend f newspapers fr “the man n the street” did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与媒体有关的单词。
newspaper, subscriptin, annual, audience, appeal, public, cpy, reader, develpment, printer, purchase, sale, fancy, trend, publisher, business
2. 写出文章中的优美句式。
①In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience.
②It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. demand vt. 要求, 请求; 需要 n. 要求; 需求(量), 需要
教材原句
Refrms have been demanded by peple frm all ver the wrld. (P22)世界各地的人民都要求改革。
【词块必记】
(1)demand t d sth. 要求做某事
demand sth. f sb. 向某人要求某事
demand that. . . (shuld) d sth. 要求……做某事
(2)meet/satisfy ne’s demands满足某人的要求
in demand非常需要的; 受欢迎的
(3)demanding adj. 要求高的; 要求严格的
【误区释疑】
demand与介词in和n都可搭配, 但意义不同: in demand有需要的, 受欢迎的; n demand一经要求……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My father came dwnstairs and demanded t knw (knw) what was ging n.
②The UN has demanded that all trps (shuld) be withdrawn (withdraw).
③Yesterday evening, the cuple came t my huse and demanded help f me.
完成句子
④They demanded that the cmpany (shuld) give them an explanatin.
他们要求公司给他们一个解释。
⑤In the unusual ht summer, air cnditiners were in great demand.
在这异常炎热的夏天, 空调的需求量极大。
2. emply vt. 雇用; 聘请; 使忙于; 使从事于
教材原句
Newspapers and magazines are willing t pay high prices fr phtgraphs f famus peple taken by these self-emplyed phtgraphers. (P24)
报纸和杂志愿意为自由职业的摄影师拍摄的名人照片出高价。
【词块必记】
emply sb. t d sth. 雇用某人做某事
emply sb. as雇用某人作为……
emply neself in=be emplyed in
从事……
【构词法】
emply+-ment(名词后缀)→emplyment n.使用; 职业; 雇用
emply+-er/-ee→emplyer n.雇主, 老板/emplyee n. 雇员
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He has been emplyed in writing a new bk these days.
②Graduates are finding it mre and mre difficult t find anemplyment (emply).
③A number f peple have been emplyed t deal (deal) with the backlg f wrk.
句型转换
④She has been emplyed in making preparatins fr the cming final exam all mrning.
→She has emplyed herself in making preparatins fr the cming final exam all mrning.
【写作金句】
Yur time culd be usefully emplyed in attending night classes.
你的时间可以被有效地利用来上夜课。
3. attempt vt. & n. 尝试, 试图
教材原句
But smetimes, the paparazzi g t far in their attempt t get the best phtgraphs. (P24)但是, 有时候狗仔队因想拍摄(效果)最好的照片而做得太过分了。
【词块必记】
(1)attempt t d sth. =try t d sth. =seek t d sth.
试图做某事
(2)in an attempt t d sth. 为了做某事
make an attempt t d/at ding sth.
企图做某事
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attemptedadj. 企图的, 未遂的
【思维拓展】attempt t d sth. 相当于try t d sth. , 意为“试图做某事”, 但不一定成功; 而succeed in ding sth. /manage t d sth. 意为“成功地做某事”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The bys made an attempt t leave (leave) fr camping but were stpped by their parents.
②Nt many peple can answer this questin at the first attempt.
③She was charged with attempted (attempt) murder f her husband.
句式转换
④I have attempted t cnvince him, but in vain. (attempt vt. )
→I have made an attempt t cnvince/at cnvincing him, but in vain. (attempt n. )
【写作金句】
Peple were attempting t help each ther meet the challenges. 人们努力互相帮助, 迎接挑战。
4. respect vt. 尊敬, 尊重 n. 细节; 方面; 敬意; 问候
教材原句
The media shuld respect famus peple’s privacy. (P25)
媒体应该尊重名人的隐私。
【词块必记】
(1)respect sb. fr sth. 因某事而尊重某人
(2)have/shw respect fr sb. 尊重某人
give/send ne’s respects t sb. 向某人表达问候
ut f respect fr. . . 出于对……的尊敬
with respect受到尊重地
(3)in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect f=with respect t关于; 关心; 尊敬
respect t关于; 关心; 尊敬
【熟词生义】The new leader has prmised t respect the cnstitutin. (遵守)
新的领导人承诺遵守宪法。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①In additin, yu shuld shw respect fr all the teachers wh unselfishly help yu t gain much knwledge.
②With respect t yur ther suggestins, I am nt yet able t tell yu ur decisin.
③Chinese children grw up with warnings nt t waste a single grain f rice, ut f respect fr farmers’ labr.
完成句子
④Einstein was greatly respected as a great scientist.
爱因斯坦作为一名著名科学家受到人们极大的尊敬。
⑤Please give my respects t yur parents.
请代我向你父母表示问候。
【文化金句】
Respect yurself, r n ne else will respect yu.
要人尊敬, 必须自重。
5. cnclude vt. &vi. 做出结论; 结束; 完成; 断定; 推断
教材原句
Leeds University cncluded that peple made a distinctin between bad language used in prgrammes fr adults, and thse meant fr children. (P28)
利兹大学作出结论, 人们对成人节目和儿童节目中使用的不良语言之间是有区别的。
【词块必记】
(1)cnclude. . . frm. . . 从……中得出/推断出……
cnclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
cnclude that. . . 得出结论
t cnclude总而言之, 最后
(2)cnclusinn. 结论
draw/cme t/arrive at/reach a cnclusin
得出结论
in cnclusin最后, 总之
【思维拓展】表示“总而言之, 总的来说”的常用表达还有: ①n balance ②in a wrd ③in shrt ④in brief
⑤in cnclusin/t cnclude ⑥t sum up等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He cncluded frm their remarks that they were nt in favur f the plan.
②Let me cnclude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.
③I’ve cme t the cnclusin (cnclude) that he’s nt the right persn fr the jb.
完成句子
④Researchers cnclude that the French tend t stp eating when they feel full.
研究者得出法国人感觉饱了以后往往不会再吃了。
⑤In cnclusin/T cnclude, it’s wrthwhile t rebuild the ld bridge.
总之, 重建那座旧桥是值得的。
【写作金句】
It can be cncluded that riding bicycles is really gd fr an individual as well as the whle sciety.
可以得出结论, 骑自行车对个人和整个社会都有好处。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. in favur f支持, 赞同
教材原句
I’m in favur f sme kind f cntrl. (P25)
我支持某种控制。
【词块必记】
【思维拓展】表示“赞成, 同意”的常用表达还有:
①be fr ②agree with ③agree n ④agree t等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①There were 247 vtes in favur f the plan and 152 against it.
②She was nt in favur with the media just nw.
③Mary asked a favur f me, but I was t busy t help her.
完成句子
④D me a favur and turn the radi dwn while I’m n the phne.
请您帮我个忙, 在我打电话的时候把收音机的音量关小。
⑤I wed him a favur, s I culdn’t say n.
我欠他一个人情, 所以无法拒绝。
7. stand ut突出, 显眼
教材原句
Mdern advertisements must stand ut in a wrld full f cmpetitin by cmbining the highest standards f design with ideas linked t the prducts t make them mre attractive. (P26)现代广告必须把最高的设计水平和产品理念相结合, 以增强吸引力, 这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。
【词块必记】
stand ut frm/amng. . . 在……中突出/杰出
stand fr代表; 支持
stand by袖手旁观; 无动于衷; 支持
stand up fr sb. /sth. 支持, 拥护
stand n ne’s wn feet自立
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and d nthing when she needs help?
②What d the letters N. B. stand fr?
③We must stand up fr ur rights.
完成句子
④She is the srt f persn wh stands ut in a crwd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
⑤It’s even easier t fllw if we knw what all f thse stand fr.
如果我们知道这些代表的是什么, 它就更容易理解了。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. Hwever, nt all advertising is abut selling prducts and services fr a prfit.
然而, 并非所有的广告都是为了谋求利润而推销产品和提供服务的。
【典型例句】
Nt all f them knw the answer. (=All f them dn’t knw the answer. )并不是他们所有的人都知道答案。
【句型公式】
(1)不定代词all, bth, each, every, everybdy, everyne, everything; 形容词cmplete, entire, whle; 副词cmpletely, entirely, whlly, altgether等和否定词nt连用, 构成部分否定。
(2)不定代词nne, nbdy, nthing, n ne, neither; 副词(词组)n, never, nwhere, n mre, n lnger等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语连用, 构成全部否定。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①All these bks are nt ppular with peple.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。
②I agree with mst f what yu said, but I dn’t agree with everything.
我同意你说的大部分内容, 但我并非同意你所讲的一切。
③Nthing in my life impressed me s deeply as my first visit t the Great Wall.
在我的一生中, 印象最深的就是第一次去参观长城。
9. They want the leaders t cancel the debt f Africa’s prest cuntries s that the prblems there can be prevented frm getting any wrse.
他们希望这些(国家的)领导人取消非洲最贫穷国家的债务, 以使那个地区的问题不再恶化。
【典型例句】
The teacher speaks slwly s that his students can understand well.
老师讲得很慢, 以便他的学生们能很好地理解。
【句型公式】
(1)引导目的状语从句的连词还有: in rder that, fr fear that, in case等。
(2)目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may/might, can/culd, shuld, will等情态动词。通常主句在前, 从句在后, 主句和从句之间没有逗号。
(3)在目的状语从句中, 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时, 可以把s that或in rder that转换成t, s as t 或in rder t。
【误区释疑】s as t和in rder t都可以接动词不定式, 表示目的。但是要注意in rder t 可放在句首, 但不能拆开; 而s as t一般不放在句首, 但可以拆开使用。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①They wrte the ntices in several languages s that freign turists culd understand them.
他们把通知用几国文字写出来, 以便让各国游客都能看得懂。
②We arrived early in rder that we culd get gd seats.
我们到得早, 以便找到好座位。
③He’s wrking hard fr fear (that) he shuld fail.
他一直努力工作唯恐他会失败。
一句多译
我们坐得更靠近前台是为了听得更清楚。
④We will sit near the frnt s that we can hear better.
⑤We will sit near the frnt t/in rder t/s as t hear better.
【备选要点】
1. blame vt. 责怪; 归咎于n. 过失; 责备
教材原句
Well, a lt f peple blame the media fr encuragement f the paparazzi. (P24)
哦, 很多人因为媒体对狗仔队的鼓励而谴责媒体。
【词块必记】
(1)blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth. n. . . 把某事归咎于……
be t blame (fr. . . )应(为……)承担责任; 该(为……)受责备
(2)take the blame fr sth. 对某事负责任
put/lay the blame fr sth. n sb. /sth.
把某事的责任推到某人/某事物身上
【误区释疑】
在be t blame (fr) 短语中, 不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She desn’t blame anybdy fr her father’s death.
②Yu shuld take the blame fr what yu have dne.
③Dn’t always blame yur wn failure n thers.
④T be hnest, it was Su’s fault, but Li was als t blame (blame).
一句多译
⑤我们不能把这起事故归咎于天气。
We can’t blame the accident n the weather. (blame v. )
=We can’t put/lay the blame fr the accident n the weather. (blame n. )
2. pretend vt. 假装; 装作
【典型例句】
Pretending t be a repair man t get int the huse f a film star and take pictures f her daily life. 假扮成维修工进入电影明星的房子, 拍摄她日常生活的照片。
【词块必记】
【熟词生义】
It’s unwise t pretend t be a rich man.
假装成一个富人并不明智。(自夸, 炫耀)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She pretended nt t knw(nt knw) me when we met in the street.
②He pretended t be reading(read) an imprtant paper when the bss entered.
③The applicant pretended t have wrked(wrk) fr a newspaper befre.
句型转换
④She pretended that she was nt at hme when we rang the bell.
→She pretended nt t be at hme when we rang the bell.
3. apprach n. 接近, 逼近, 走近; 方法, 方式; 途径, 通道 vt. & vi. 接近; 靠近; 接洽; 要求; 着手处理
教材原句
Fr many f tday’s advertisers, repeating ld ideas is nt a successful apprach. (P26)
对于今天很多的广告人来说, 重复那些已经过时的理念不是一种成功的途径。
【词块必记】
(1)the apprach f. . . ……的方法; ……的临近
the apprach t (ding) sth. (做)某事的方法; 去某处的通道
make an apprach t sth. /sb. 对某事进行探讨/和某人打交道
(2)apprach sb. abut/fr sth. 向某人要求某事
apprach sb. abut ding sth. 要求某人做某事
be appraching快到了
【思维拓展】英语中“快到了”的表达还有: ①be cming ②be arund the crner ③be n the hrizn等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The teacher has decided t adpt a new apprach t teaching (teach) English.
②We have made appraches t them in the hpe f establishing a business relatinship.
③Did Mary apprach yu abut lending her sme mney?
④The shadws were lengthened with the apprach f sunset.
完成句子
⑤The time is appraching when we must think abut buying a new huse.
我们必须要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临。
⑥With Valentine’s Day appraching, many shps in Beijing are selling Valentine’s Day items t meet the needs f yung lvers. 随着情人节的临近, 北京许多商店出售情人节物品以满足年轻情侣的需求。
4. cme dwn t结果是, 可归结为
教材原句
In the end, it came dwn t a chice between Paris and Lndn. (P23)最后, 是在巴黎和伦敦之间选择。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】cme dwn t中的t为介词, 其后跟名词或动名词作宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What it cmes dwn t is whether we stay here r leave.
②He came acrss an ld friend n the way hme yesterday.
③Hw did it cme abut that he left schl?
完成句子
④What d ur chices in this matter cme dwn t?
我们对这件事的选择结果是什么?
⑤When it cmes t tennis, yu can’t beat her.
说到打网球, 你是赢不了她的。
⑥The truth is beginning t cme ut what happened.
所发生的事情的真相开始浮出水面。
5. cnsist f由……组成; 由……构成
教材原句
Sme advertisements cnsist f pictures r the wrds f experts t shw peple hw gd the prducts are. (P26)
有些广告包括图片或专家的言辞, 为了向人们展示这些产品有多么好。
【词块必记】
(1)cnsist f=be cmpsed f=be made up f
由……组成
(2)cnsist in=lie in在于
cnsist with一致; 符合
(3)cnsistent adj. 一致的; 持续的
be cnsistent with与……一致
【误区释疑】cnsist f不可用于被动形式, 也不可用过去分词在句中充当定语或状语等成分。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The beauty f the city cnsists/lies in its magnificent buildings.
②Still, the results are cnsistent with the evidence.
一句多译
我校的志愿团队由20人组成。
③The vluntary team in ur schl cnsists f 20 peple.
④The vluntary team in ur schl is made up f 20 peple.
⑤The vluntary team in ur schl is cmpsed f 20 peple.
6. g ahead with开始做, 着手干
教材原句
Hwever, the gvernment is planning t g ahead with the building next year. (P30)
尽管如此, 政府仍在打算明年继续建设。
【词块必记】
ahead f (时间、空间)在……前面
ahead f time提前
g ahead发生, 进行; (用于祈使句)请吧, 说吧
【思维拓展】
表示“提前”的表达还有: ①ahead f schedule
②in advance
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The gvernment intends t g ahead with its tax cutting plans.
完成句子
②Frank will be late but we’ll g ahead with the meeting anyway.
弗兰克会晚些时候到, 不过, 我们还是先开会。
③I finished several days ahead f the deadline.
我是在最后期限的几天前完成的。
【写作金句】
In the afternn we will g ahead with learning hw t make zngzi in the fd wrkshp.
下午我们将继续学习如何在食品车间包粽子。
7. AIDS is anther prblem f great cncern s sex educatin and health care administratin are extremely imprtant. 艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题, 所以性教育和卫生保健管理非常重要。
【典型例句】
①Mthers’ labur is f a higher value than it is realised.
母亲们的劳动价值远远高于社会所认识到的。
②Yur bag is f the same size with mine.
你的书包和我的一样大。
【句型公式】
(1)f (+great, n, little, sme, much)+抽象名词(value, imprtance, use, help, interest, significance, benefit, necessity等), 这类名词一般可转化为其相应的形容词形式。
(2)f (+different, the same, similar)+分类名词(kind, type, srt, shape, size, clur, length, depth, width, weight, height, age, date等)
(3)f (+gd, bad, nice, fine, serius, high等)+性质名词(quality, character, characteristics, feature等)
【语境速测】 完成句子
①New Zealand grape wine is f high quality and is sld all ver the wrld.
新西兰葡萄酒质量好, 行销全世界。
②The dictinary is f great help t learners f English.
这本词典对英语学习者有很大帮助。
③His advice is f great value t me.
他的建议对我来说很有价值。
句式转换
④Ding mrning exercises is f help t yur health.
→Ding mrning exercises is helpful t yur health.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江高考)Thse wh had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding(demand) jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests.
2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)It’s been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees(emply) in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.
3. (2020·天津高考 )This led Jnes t the cnclusin (cnclude)that there are t many extremely lnely peple in his cmmunity, wh are easy targets f cheating.
4. (2020·浙江高考)Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins (cntribute)t the theater.
5. (2019·天津高考)Hwever, technlgy is als the applicatin(apply) f scientific knwledge t slve a prblem, tuching lives in cuntless ways.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
The manager planned t hire sme new 1. emplyees(emply) t take the place f the ld wrkers. Because he fund the ld wrkers were cnservative and even sme f them 2. pretended(pretend) t be wrking. When he put frward his idea at the meeting yesterday, nt all the wrkers agreed with him. Sme ld wrkers 3. blamed(blame) him fr shwing n respect 4. fr them, but the majrity thught the new graduates wuld make the cmpany stand 5. ut in the new market and his idea was f great benefit fr the cmpany t develp. Therefre, at the prpsal f the manager, they are all in favur 6. f setting up an innvatin team 7. cnsisting (cnsist)f eight yung peple. The team attempted 8. t adpt (adpt)sme new 9. appraches(apprach) t change the face f the cmpany. 10. T cnclude, it was a very imprtant team since the cmpany was funded.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2021·辽阳模拟)
I am very fnd f watching mvies. When I’m free, the first thing I’d like d is buy sme snacks and then fund a ht mvie t watch. Befre watching s many mvies, I’m impressing by The Lrd f the Rings mst. This mvie has three series and I like it all. Thugh the mvie was sht many years ag, it is still nt ut f the date. It was sht in New Zealand, and the scenery in the mvie is such beautiful that I can’t mve my eye away every time I watch it. I plan t travel t New Zealand in what I can have a lk n the beautiful scenery.
1. 【解析】第二句在like后加t。考查不定式。wuld like t d sth. 喜欢做某事, 为固定短语, 所以需在like后加t。
2. 【解析】第二句fund改为find。考查动词。本文时态为一般现在时, 且由前面的buy可知, 这里动词find需用一般现在时态, 故需将fund改为find。
3. 【解析】第三句Befre改为After。考查连词。前半句的意思是“观看这么多的电影”, 后半句的意思是“我对于《指环王》这部电影的印象最深”, 所以这里的逻辑关系应该是看过电影后才会对某个电影有感触, Befre(在……之前), 需改为After(在……之后)。
4. 【解析】第三句impressing改为impressed。考查被动语态。由句中的by可知, 这里需用被动语态, 故需将impressing改为impressed。
5. 【解析】第四句it改为them。考查代词。这里的代词应该代指前面的three series, 所以需用复数形式, 故需将it改为them。
6. 【解析】第五句删除第二个the。考查固定短语。ut f date过时, 为固定短语, 所以需删除第二个the。
7. 【解析】第六句such改为s。考查s的用法。such后接名词, s+形容词/副词, 所以需将such改为s。
8. 【解析】第六句eye改为eyes。考查名词复数。eye不止一只, 所以这里需用复数形式, 故将eye改为eyes。
9. 【解析】第七句what改为which。考查关系词。由New Zealand可知, 这里需用地点副词where, 表示地点, 也可用介词+关系代词, what不是关系代词, 所以需将what改为which。
10. 【解析】第七句n改为at。考查固定短语。have a lk at sth. 观看某物, 为固定短语, 所以需将n改为at。
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020· 天津高考阅读理解A)
Hw t Use a Mdern Public Library
Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s, yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rms with bks. They have transfrmed themselves int places where yu can develp yur lve f knwledge, meet interesting peple, r find ut hw t start a business.
Check ut a bk. While libraries still lan ut(出借)bks, yu’ll find it easier t get a cpy f whatever yu’re lking fr, thanks t a cperative netwrk f area libraries. Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks with each ther thrugh the use f delivery vehicles. Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
Check ut ther items. The library is nw a multimedia zne, laded with infrmatin in many frmats(载体形式). Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. If a ppular magazine yu want isn’t ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
Jin targeted reading grups. Libraries will ften hld reading-grup sessins targeted t varius age grups. Perhaps yu’d like t learn a language r imprve yur English. The library may spnsr a language grup yu culd jin. If yu have difficulties reading, ask abut special reading pprtunities. Yur library might be able t accmmdate yu. And yu might find it relaxing t bring yur small kid t a half-hur Stry Time while yu sit quietly in a crner with a gd bk.
Start a business using the help f yur lcal library. If yu want t have a business f yur wn, yur lcal library can becme a launch space fr it. In library bks and cmputers, yu can find infrmatin n starting a business. Many libraries will help yu with lcally supplied infrmatin abut business management shared thrugh chambers f cmmerce(商会)and gvernment agencies, and they will ffer printing, faxing and database services yu need.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章从更方便快捷的借出形式, 更丰富的载体媒介, 更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持四个方面来介绍现代公共图书馆的提升和改变。
1. Public libraries cnnected by a cperative netwrk benefit readers by.
A. sharing their bks n the Internet
B. giving access t nline reading at a library branch
C. sending a needed bk t a library branch nearby
D. making the checkut prcedures diverse
【解析】选C。细节理解题。题干问: 通过连接区域协作网, 公共图书馆能给读者带来什么好处? 可将答案定位在第二段“Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks. . . the nearest branch”, 图书馆通过接入区域协作网能将借书人要求的书调配到最近的图书馆, 故选C。
2. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what items may be checked ut frm a public library?
A. A magazine and an e-bk.
B. A game and an il painting.
C. A music CD and a kid’s ty.
D. A DVD and a vide player.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。由题干定位第三段。由Yu can brrw mvies n DVDs, music n CDs, and ppular magazines. Sme libraries even lan ut tys and games. 可知, 现代图书馆除了可以借出书籍之外, 还可以借出DVD、CD和杂志。有些图书馆甚至可以出借玩具和游戏碟片。故选C。
3. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid t a half-hur Stry Time allws ______.
A. the kid t learn a new language
B. the parent t enjy quiet reading
C. the kid t vercme reading difficulties
D. the parent t meet their prgram spnsr
【解析】选 B。细节理解题。由题干定位第四段。由第四段最后一句可知家长能享受安静的阅读。故选B。
4. Yur lcal library can help yu start a business by ______.
A. prviding relevant infrmatin and supprting services
B. ffering prfessinal advice n business management
C. supplying useful infrmatin f yur ptential buyers
D. arranging meetings with gvernment fficials
【解析】选A。推理判断题。题干问: 当地图书馆能通过什么方式来帮助你创业? 由题干lcal library, start a business可定位第五段。B项“提供商业管理的专业意见”, 这一点与文中“supplied infrmatin abut business management”意义不一致; C项“提供潜在买家的有用信息”文中并没有提到这一点; D项“安排与政府官员的会面”文中也并没有提到。根据题干以及排除错误选项, 故选A。
5. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T pint ut the imprtance f public libraries.
B. T encurage peple t wrk in public libraries.
C. T intrduce the imprved services f public libraries.
D. T call fr the mdernizatin f public library systems.
【解析】选C。写作意图题。本文通过介绍现代图书馆更快捷的借出形式, 更丰富的载体媒介, 更多元的读书小组以及对创业者的有效支持来说明现代图书馆的提升和改变。C项“介绍公共图书馆的提升服务”符合。故选C。
【长难句剖析】
If a ppular magazine yu want isn’t ffered and the library keeps a list f such requests, they may bring it in when enugh interest is shwn.
分析: yu want 在这里作定语, if引导条件状语从句。
翻译: 如果你想要的一本流行杂志在图书馆没有了, 那么它会把你需要的书列成清单, 当很多人需要这本书的时候, 它会将这本书引进。
【微技能点拨】
解答细节理解题时若题干或选项中不出现原文中的直接信息, 考生则需要对原文信息进行转换, 再进一步推断出答案, 此时可采用“同义对应”方法进行解答。
本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词: cnnected by a cperative netwrk
Step 2 回到原文准定位: 定位在第二段“Via such netwrks, libraries share their bks. . . the nearest branch”, 图书馆通过接入区域协作网能将借书人要求的书调配到最近的图书馆。
Step 3 对比选项, 同义对应: 尝试解答 C 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B改编)
When Rise f the Planet f the Apes was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, 1. dressed(dress) in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)! ”
The creative team behind“Apes” used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, 2. spending(spend) tens f millins f dllars n technlgy 3. that/which recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin 4. than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which 5. mnitrs(mnitr) the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2, 000 prductins this year. Already, a number f 6. films(film), including Water fr Elephants, The Hangver Part Ⅱ and Zkeeper, have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated 7. prperly(prper).
In sme cases, it’s nt s much 8. the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2021·北京模拟)
假设你是新华中学的学生李华, 得知某英文报招聘兼职记者, 你有意应聘, 请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。
1. 表示感兴趣;
2. 说明优势: 知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历;
3. 希望得到回复。
注意: 词数100左右。
Dear Sir r Madam,
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升(短语优先)
Therefre, I can wrk in English and interact with peple with different backgrunds. →Therefre, I had experience f wrking in English and interacting with peple with different backgrunds.
②句式多变(时间状语从句和定语从句)
I came back t China and wrte a frntpage stry abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper. →When I came back t China, I wrte a frntpage stry that was abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper.
③逻辑严谨
Therefre, In fact, als, By reading newspapers daily, if条件状语从句等的运用使文章衔接自然, 逻辑严谨。
Step 2 妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)
Dear Sir r Madam,
I am in the ninth grade at Xinhua Middle Schl. My English teacher tld me that yur magazine is lking fr part-time reprters. I believe I have the right skills and enugh mtivatin t take n the jb.
I wrked as a vlunteer at the Cmmn Wealth Games in Australia last spring. Therefre, I had experience f wrking in English and interacting with peple with different backgrunds. In fact, I made friends with peple wrldwide. I als had a chance t practice team abilities. When I came back t China, I wrte a frntpage stry abut my trip fr ur schl newspaper.
I stand ut amng my peers by keeping a strng interest in learning things beynd my textbks. By reading newspapers daily, I am able t fllw the imprtant events and discuss them with parents r classmates.
I’d appreciate it s much if yu culd pssibly cnsider my applicatin. I’m lking frward t yur early reply and please email me at lihua @yah. cm. cn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·威海模拟)
Ne Zha, the first Chinese 3D animated film released n July 26th, sweeps the Chinese bx ffice. 1 Please read mre t find ut.
2
Althugh Ne Zha’s appearance in this film first makes a strange impressin n audience, the new Ne Zha is being praised fr hitting the sft spt in many hearts as cl, smart and entertaining.
The creative adaptatin is nt limited t Ne Zha’s appearance. 3 Yang Yu, Ne Zha’s directr, characterizes the rle as a rebellius yuth wh tries his best t fight against prejudice and change his fate. Brn as a ball f flesh, Ne Zha is hated, but he believes he can chse t be a mnster r a gd.
S this fresh reprductin f the ancient legendary figure pulls at the hearts f the yung fr they can see themselves in Ne Zha.
Cntemprary values
The fact that the film can tuch the audience cmes dwn t the cntemprary values presented in the film.
Ne Zha’s fight against prejudice mentined abve is the majr value advcated by the film. Meanwhile his parents’ parenting style is anther aspect. 4 The imprtance f parents’ cmpany during children’s grwth is als discussed in the film thrugh Ne Zha’s mther.
Fine prductin
In additin t the rich cntent, Ne Zha’s fine prductin, is anther aspect that makes Chinese cartn lvers prud. 5 As the mst cmplex animated prductin ever made in China, Ne Zha has 1, 318 special effects shts. T realize the film’s fairy tale setting, mre than 1, 600 peple wrked arund the clck fr three years.
Rich cntent, crrect values and spectacular prductin. Cartn fans cheered as they have every reasn t be prud f Ne Zha.
A. Creative adaptatin
B. Husehld legendary figure
C. Why des Ne Zha make such a huge success?
D. It makes peple think abut this questin again.
E. It tk the directr tw years t plish the script.
F. Peple can als see a majr change in his character.
G. Many peple cnsider it inspiring fr cntemprary parents.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。7月26日上映的中国首部3D动画电影《哪吒》横扫中国票房。文章主要从三个方面分析了《哪吒》会取得巨大成功的原因。
1. 【解析】选C。结合下文主要说明了电影《哪吒》取得巨大成功的原因, 由此可知, 此处为设问句, 有启示下文的作用。故C选项“为什么《哪吒》会取得如此巨大的成功? ”符合上下文语境, 故选C。
2. 【解析】选A。根据下文The creative adaptatin is nt limited t Ne Zha’s appearance. 可知创意改编并不局限于哪吒的外表。由此可知, 本部分说明的是《哪吒》有创造性改编的情况。故A选项“有创造性的改编”符合上下文语境, 故选A。
3. 【解析】选F。根据下文Yang Yu, Ne Zha’s directr, characterizes the rle as a rebellius yuth wh tries his best t fight against prejudice and change his fate. 可知《哪吒》的导演杨宇将这个角色刻画成一个叛逆的年轻人, 他努力与偏见作斗争, 改变自己的命运。由此可知, 本段说明的是电影《哪吒》中对于“哪吒”这个角色的性格改编, 使这个角色的性格有重大变化。故F选项“人们也能看到他性格上的重大变化”符合上下文语境, 故选F。
4. 【解析】选G。根据上文Ne Zha’s fight against prejudice mentined abve is the majr value advcated by the film. Meanwhile his parents’ parenting style is anther aspect. 可知同时, 他父母的教养方式也是另一个方面。以及下文The imprtance f parents’ cmpany during children’s grwth is als discussed in the film thrugh Ne Zha’s mther. 可知影片还通过哪吒的母亲讲述了父母陪伴孩子成长的重要性。由此可推知, 本句应当承接上文说明《哪吒》中哪吒的父母教育方式对于当代父母的启发性。故G选项“许多人认为这对当代父母很有启发性”符合上下文语境, 故选G。
5. 【解析】选E。根据后文As the mst cmplex animated prductin ever made in China, Ne Zha has 1, 318 special effects shts. T realize the film’s fairy tale setting, mre than 1, 600 peple wrked arund the clck fr three years. 可知作为中国有史以来最复杂的动画片, 《哪吒》有1318个特效镜头。为了实现影片的童话背景, 1600多人连续三年夜以继日地努力工作。由此可知, 本段说明的是创作团队对于这部电影所付出的努力, 且主要以列数字的方式来体现。故E选项“导演花了两年时间润色剧本”符合上下文语境, 故选E。短语句式
a Mdern Public Library; lan ut ; check ut a bk
话题词汇
dusty adj. 灰尘覆盖的 transfrm v. 改变, 转换 spnsr v. 赞助, 发起 n. 赞助者, 主办人 accmmdate v. 容纳, 使适应 supply v. 供应
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