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高考英语一轮复习选修部分选修6Unit16Stories学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习选修部分选修6Unit16Stories学案北师大版，共24页。
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·浙江高考)
I experienced years f lneliness as a child. My lder brther culdn’t be bthered t play with me. His friends teased him abut babysitting his sister and his interests were far different frm mine. With n ther kids f my age in the neighbrhd, I had t spend hurs by myself.
A bright spt fr me turned ut t be reading. My lve f the written wrd began early as my mther read t me every evening. I lved the clrful phtgraphs in the bks. I started reading bks n my wn befre age 5 and my mther tk me t the public library nce a week t brrw several bks. I quickly graduated frm typical children’s bks t nes with fewer pictures and lnger chapters. Reading pened new wrlds t me. I wasn’t alne any lnger.
My mther als encuraged me t make what I wanted. I tried making ty cars with cardbard bxes and cnstructing buildings frm leftver cardbard and bits f wd my father gave me. When my mther saw my creatins, she tld me hw creative my designs were. Thus, I began my lifelng interest in making things. I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. It was a trait(特点) thers fund helpful, and I sn had friends wh wanted t make things with me.
Anther habit I frmed early was being utdrs. My parents made it a pint fr their tw kids t spend time utside, n matter the weather r seasn. My brther, f curse, raced ff t be with his friends, while I had plenty t d myself. There was making leaf huses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and s much mre. They’re all memries I treasure tday.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与故事有关的单词或短语。
experience, tease, babysit, by myself, lve, clrful, read, n ne’s wn, library, encurage, creatin, frm, treasure
2. 简单描述一下最令你难忘的童年趣事。
My childhd is clrful, but what I like mst is playing hide-and-seek with my sister. Thrugh hide-and-seek, I understand: n matter what we d, we shuld face difficulties with a psitive attitude. Only in this way can we slve the prblem.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. abandn vt. 放弃, 遗弃; 沉湎于(某种情感) n. [U]放任, 放纵
教材原句
It lked abandned. (P5)它看起来被遗弃了。
【词块必记】
(1)abandn neself t 沉溺于……, 纵情于……
abandn ding sth. 放弃做某事
(2)with abandn纵情地, 放任地
(3)abandned adj. 被遗弃的, 废弃的; 无约束的
be abandned t沉湎于……
【知识拓展】
abandn的同义词有desert, give up, quit等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These abandned(abandn) children have nw gt a future.
②Many peple abandn themselves t shpping(shp) n the Internet.
句式升级
He abandned himself t the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam.
③Abandning himself t the Internet games, he didn’t pass the exam. (现在分词短语作状语)
④Abandned t the Internet games, he didn’t pass the exam. (过去分词短语作状语)
2. preserve vt. 保护, 保存; 维护 n. 动植物保护区
教材原句
In a way, Pmpeii is like a“time capsule”preserving a frzen mment in histry. (P6)从某种程度上来说, 庞培(古城)如同一个“时间舱”, 保存了历史上一个被封存的瞬间。
【词块必记】
(1)preserve sb. /sth. frm sth. 保护……免受……
preserve sth. +adj. 把某物保存得……
(2)preservatin n. 保护, 保存
【误区释疑】
preserve与reserve词形相似, 但reserve 意为“保留; 预订”。
【熟词生义】
She decided t make peach preserves fr Christmas gifts.
她决定为圣诞节制作桃子果酱。(果酱)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They were determined t preserve these children frm being hurt(hurt).
②It’s difficult t preserve(preserve) yur dignity when yu have n jb and n hme.
③Mre mney is needed fr the preservatin(preserve) f histric buildings and mnuments.
句式升级
④Because they are well preserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life.
→ Well preserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life. (过去分词短语作状语)
3. witness vt. 目击; 见证 vi. 为……作证 n. 目击者; 证人
教材原句
Arund the end f the first century AD, a Rman writer called Pliny wrte abut a terrible vlcanic eruptin that he had witnessed as a yung man. (P6)
大约公元一世纪, 一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他在年轻时亲眼看见的一次火山爆发的可怕情景。
【词块必记】
(1)witness fr 为……作证
witness t (ding) sth. 证明/作证(做)某事
(2)be a witness t目击, 看见; 为……提供证据
give/bear witness t为……作证, 证明
【误区释疑】
witness作动词时, 常用拟人化的方式陈述事实, 即用事物名词直接作主语, 表述既简洁又形象。有类似用法的动词还有see, find等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①His gd health is a witness t the success f the treatment.
②The driver witnessed t having seen (see) the man enter the building.
③He will be the lawyer t witness fr yu.
完成句子
④The past 30 years has witnessed China’s rapid develpment.
过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。
【写作金句】
As we knw, recent years have witnessed great changes taking place in China, particularly in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai.
众所周知, 近年来, 中国发生了巨大的变化, 尤其是在北京、天津和上海。
4. ccur (ccurred, ccurred) vi. 发生; 出现; 被想起
教材原句
The eruptin had ccurred n August 24th, 79 AD. (P6)
火山喷发发生在公元79年8月24日。
【词块必记】
sth. ccur(s) t sb. 某人突然想起某事
It ccurs t/strikes/hits sb. that ...
某人突然想起……
It ccurs t sb. t d sth. 某人突然想起做某事
【误区释疑】
ccur意为“发生”时不用于被动语态和进行时态, 其同义词有happen, take place, cme abut, break ut等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①A gd idea ccurred t me when I wke up this mrning.
②It never ccurred t me that yu culd succeed in persuading him t change his mind.
完成句子
③It didn’t ccur t me t ask yu fr help.
当时我没有想到向你求助。
【写作金句】
It suddenly hit/ccurred t me that traditinal culture like tea culture was f great charm and huge value. 我突然想到, 茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。
5. significance n. 重要性; 意义; 意思
教材原句
names can als have significance accrding t their sunds. (P8)
……中国人的名字也可以根据它们的发音变得有意义。
【词块必记】
(1)be f (great/n/little) significance t...
对……(很/不)重要(t是介词)
attach (great) significance t认为……(很)重要(t是介词)
(2)significant adj. 重要的; 明显的
significantly adv. 有重要影响地; 显著地; 意味深长地
【知识拓展】常见“be+f+抽象名词”的短语:
①be f significance=be significant
②be f imprtance=be imprtant
③be f value=be valuable
④be f help/use=be helpful/useful
【构词法】significan(t)+-ce(名词后缀)=significance n. 重要性; 意义; 意思
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We are suppsed t undertake the respnsibility t lead a lw-carbn lifestyle, which is f great significance(significant).
②As time ges by, I attach mre significance t ding (d) what I am ding nw.
③Last but nt least, health is als very significant (significance) t us students.
句型转换
④As we all knw, water is very significant t human being.
→As we all knw, water is f great significance t human being.
【写作金句】
Mst significantly, I’d appreciate it if I culd learn sme basic cmpsing knwledge thrugh yur lecture.
最重要的是, 如果我能通过您的讲座学到一些基本的作曲知识, 我将不胜感激。
6. discurage vt. 使泄气, 使灰心; 阻止, 劝阻
教材原句
was als discuraged because she missed her hme in nrthern England... (P8)
……她也因为想念她在北英格兰的家而灰心……
【词块必记】
(1)discurage sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
(2)discuragement n. 阻止; 泄气; 挫折
(3)discuraged adj. 泄气的; 气馁的
be/get discuraged变得灰心, 泄气
discuraging adj. 令人泄气的
【构词法】
dis-(否定前缀)+curage=discurage vt. 使泄气, 使灰心; 阻止, 劝阻
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We discurage yu frm smking (smke) except in specific areas.
②It’s very discuraging(discurage) that every time I try t ride a bicycle, I fall ff.
③I als had friends wh gave me a great deal f encuragement (encurage).
完成句子
④His parents tried t discurage him frm being an actr.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
⑤I had a discuraging experience in this city yesterday.
昨天我在这座城市有一次令人沮丧的经历。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. cme acrss 偶然遇见; 被理解
教材原句
I came acrss an interesting name stry when I visited my cusin in Henan Prvince. (P8)
在看望河南省的表妹时, 我偶然听到一个关于名字的有趣的故事。
【词块必记】
cme ut 出现; 出版; (花)开放; 结果是
cme abut发生
cme up发生, 出现, 走近; 被提出(不用被动)
cme up with提出; 想出
cme t总计; 达到(某状况); 苏醒
when it cmes t (ding) sth. 当谈及(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①As sn as the prject came up at the meeting, it attracted many peple’s attentin.
②Is this yur necklace, Mary? I came acrss it when I was cleaning the bathrm this mrning.
③Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.
④Can yu tell me hw the accident came abut?
完成句子
⑤When it cmes t hw t speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that yu learn a bunch f prnunciatin rules first.
当谈到如何说一口流利的普通话(Mandarin)时, 我建议你先学学基本的发音规则。
8. hld up 支撑起; 延误, 延迟, 耽搁; 举起, 抬起
教材原句
She became quite famus when she invented a new way f hlding up suspensin bridges during the building prcess. (P8)
当在建桥的过程中她发明了一种支撑吊桥的新方法的时候, 她变得非常出名。
【词块必记】
hld back 阻挡, 抑制, 控制
hld n挂断; 坚持住
hld n t抓住不放; 坚持; 保留
hld ut伸出; 坚持; 提供; 维持
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①T shw this, she held up ne chpstick, representing ne persn.
②I held ut my hand t supprt her.
③She tld the speaker t hld n fr a mment.
完成句子
④She managed t hld back her anger.
她抑制住了自己的怒火。
⑤My father said that if we believe smething was true, we shuld hld n t it.
父亲说如果我们相信某事是真的, 就应该坚持。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. It was the first time Helen had understd such a cmplex wrd—a wrd fr smething she culdn’t tuch.
这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。
【典型例句】
This is the first time that I have been abrad.
这是我第一次出国。
【句型公式】
(1)It was the first time that...“这是(某人)第一次……”, that引导的从句用过去完成时, 此处that可省略。
(2)It/That/This is/was the first/secnd/ ... time (that) ...是一固定句型, 表示“这是第一次/第二次……”。当主句用was时, 从句用过去完成时; 当主句用is时, 从句用现在完成时。
【误区释疑】The first/secnd/ 引导时间状语从句时, 主从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is the third time that he has held (hld) an art exhibitin.
②It seemed t him that this was the first time he had ever really seen (see) his mther.
③The first time I visited (visit) the West Lake, I was attracted by its beauty.
④It was the first time that they had had (have) a picnic and enjyed themselves.
【写作金句】
The first time I read the bk, I was attracted by it.
我第一次读这本书时, 就被其吸引住了。
【备选要点】
1. burst vi. 爆炸; 冲, 闯; 突然发生 n. 爆发, 突发
教材原句
The building explded because a gas pipe had burst. (P7)
建筑物爆炸是因为煤气管道爆裂。
【词块必记】
(1)burst int/in 突然闯进; 破门而入
burst ut突然迸发; 爆发
burst int tears/laughter=burst ut crying/laughing
突然大哭/大笑
burst with anger/jy/grief
勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝
(2)a burst f一阵
【误区释疑】
短语burst in中的in是副词, 后面不接宾语; 而burst int后接宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①With the play ging n, she burst ut singing (sing).
②He burst int the rm while we were studying.
③His appearance n the platfrm was greeted with a burst f applause.
完成句子
④Seeing her classmates burst ut laughing because f her flish mistakes, she burst int tears.
看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑, 她突然哭了起来。
【写作金句】
I again culdn’t help bursting int tears f jy.
我又情不自禁地喜极而泣。
2. admirable adj. 令人敬佩的; 极佳的
教材原句
Her father thught he was admirable because he built bridges yu can really cunt n. (P8)
她的父亲认为他令人钦佩, 他修建了你真正可以依赖的桥梁。
【词块必记】
(1)admire vt. 钦佩; 羡慕; 赞美
admire sb. fr sth. 佩服某人的……
(2)admiratin n. 敬佩; 羡慕
with admiratin羡慕地; 赞赏地
【构词法】
admir(e)+-able(形容词后缀)=admirable adj. 令人敬佩的; 极佳的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The schl is admired fr its excellent teaching.
②I have great admiratin(admire) fr her as a writer.
完成句子
③I dn’t agree with her, but I admire her fr sticking t her principles.
我不同意她的意见, 但是我赞赏她坚守原则。
④She speaks English s well that her friends are filled with admiratin.
她的英语说得好极了, 她的朋友都赞美不已。
【写作金句】
It is her friendliness and the sense f respnsibility that make me admire her. 正是她的友善和责任感让我佩服她。
3. severe adj. 严重的; 严厉的; 剧烈的
教材原句
With these severe restrictins n her cmmunicatin, Helen’s behaviur was ften unbearable. (P10)
因为交流上有这些严重的障碍, 海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。
【词块必记】
(1)be severe with/n... 对……严格/严厉
(2)severelyadv. 严重地
【熟词生义】
Her hair was shrt and severe.
她头发不长, 也没什么花样。(过于简朴的)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Was his mther t severe n/with him?
②Anyne breaking the law will be severely(severe) punished.
完成句子
③The party suffered severe lsses during the last electin. 该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。
④The curts are becming mre severe n/with yung ffenders.
法庭对少年犯的处罚趋于严厉。
4. restrictin n. 限制, 约束
教材原句
With these severe restrictins n her cmmunicatin, Helen’s behaviur was ften unbearable. (P10)因为交流上有这些严重的障碍, 海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。
【词块必记】
(1)restrictin n. 限制, 约束
make/place restrictins n限制……
speed restrictins速度限制
(2)restrict vt. 限制, 限定; 约束
restrict ne’s freedm限制某人的自由
把……限制在……(t是介词, 后跟名词或动名词)
【构词法】
restrict+-in(名词后缀)=restrictin n. 限制, 约束
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The gvernment placed/made restrictins n the number f freign cars that culd be imprted.
②I restrict myself t ne cup f cffee a day.
③The gvernment has agreed t lift restrictins(restrict) n press freedm.
完成句子
④We restrict the number f students per class t 30.
我们将每个班学生的人数限定为30。
⑤Having small children tends t restrict yur freedm.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
【文化金句】
As far as I am cncerned, crruptin is avidable with the restrictin f law.
在我看来, 腐败是可以通过法律的约束避免的。
5. eager adj. 渴望的, 热衷的
教材原句
was very eager t learn mre and use it as much as she culd. (P11)
……她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它。
【词块必记】
be eager fr sth. 渴望某物
be eager t d sth. 渴望干某事
be eager fr sb. t d sth. 渴望某人做某事
be eager that...(shuld) d sth. 渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气)
【思维拓展】
“渴望”的表达还有lng fr..., be ready fr..., be anxius fr/t...等
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①When I was in truble, I was eager fr yur help.
②I was eager t get(get) back t wrk as sn as pssible.
③The freman is eager that all the wrkers (shuld) cme (cme)n time.
句式转换
④I’m eager fr mre infrmatin abut yur activity.
→I’m eager t get mre infrmatin abut yur activity.
⑤He is eager fr his parents t buy a new bike.
→He is eager that his parents (shuld) buy a new bike.
【文化金句】
On ccasin, an eager Chinese hst may place fd int yur bwl r n yur plate.
有时, 热情的中国主人会把食物放进你的碗里或盘子里。
6. expand v. 扩大, 扩充; 使膨胀; 详述
教材原句
As Helen’s knwledge and vcabulary expanded, she asked mre and mre questins. (P11)随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富, 海伦问的问题越来越多。
【词块必记】
(1) 把……扩展/发展成……
expand int...扩展/膨胀成……
expand n/upn sth. 详述某事; 充分叙述某事
(2)expansinn. 扩张, 扩大; 膨胀
【熟词生义】
I repeated the questin and waited fr her t expand.
我重复这个问题等待她的详述。(详述)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Culd yu expand n/upn that pint, please?
②The cmpany has abandned plans fr further expansin (expand).
完成句子
③As children grw lder they expand their interests and becme mre cnfident.
随着孩子的成长, 他们的兴趣会变广, 且会变得更自信。
④He later expanded n/upn his statement.
他后来详细陈述了他的声明。
⑤The teacher asked students t expand a sentence int a stry. 老师要求学生们将一句话扩展成一个故事。
7. cunt n 依靠, 指望; 期望
教材原句
Her father thught he was admirable because he built bridges yu can really cunt n. (P8)她的父亲认为他令人钦佩, 因为他建造了你真正可以信赖的桥梁。
【词块必记】
cunt n sth. /sb. 指望/依靠某事/某人
cunt n ding sth. 指望做某事
cunt n sb. t d/ding sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事
cunt ... in/ut包括/不包括
cunt dwn倒计时
cunt sb. /sth. as/t be...认为某人/某物是……
【思维拓展】
表示“指望, 依靠”的短语还有depend n, rely n, figure n, 它们后跟宾语从句时一般要用it作形式宾语, 然后再接that从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The whle team was cunting n me, but I let them dwn.
②We are cunting dwn the days t the end f this summer hliday.
③If yu are ging ut tnight, yu’ll have t cunt me ut.
④He cunts n his parents t take/taking (take) care f his children.
一句多译
⑤我们只能依靠他来营救我们。
We can nly cunt n him t rescue us/rescuing us.
→We can nly cunt n it that he will rescue us.
8. Nw that Helen understd the key t language, she was very eager t learn mre and use it as much as she culd. 既然海伦理解了语言之谜, 她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
【典型例句】
Nw that yu have a gd chance, why can’t yu grasp it?
既然你有一个好机会, 为什么你不能抓住它?
【句型公式】
(1)nw that“既然, 由于”, 引导原因状语从句, 相当于since, that可以省略。
(2)引导原因状语从句的常用词还有: because, as, since, in that, seeing that, cnsidering (that)等。
①I’m lucky in that I’ve gt fur sisters.
我很幸运, 因为我有四个姐妹。
②Seeing that he’s been ff sick all week he’s unlikely t cme. 他请病假整整一周了, 所以他不大可能来。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They have made remarkable prgress, cnsidering(cnsider) that they nly started last week.
②Seeing (see) that he was wrking hard, he achieved great success.
③She was frtunate in that she had friends t help her.
完成句子
④Nw that yu have knwn the truth, I dn’t need t explain it.
既然你已知道了真相, 我就没有必要解释了。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考)LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning (abandn)them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred(ccur) billins f years ag.
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers carries special significance(significant).
4. (2020· 天津高考)Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged(discurage).
5. (2020·浙江高考)By 9: 33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
On my way hme, I came 1. acrss a beggar. He was lying n the grund, cld and hungry. Obviusly, he was eager fr fd and warmth. He tld us he had been 2. abandned(abandn) by his sn. All f us culdn’t put up 3. with his sn’s bad behavir. We all didn’t figure 4. ut why this phenmenn 5. ccurred (ccur)in ur harmnius sciety. Nw that we all will get ld, why nt let ur parents cunt n us? In rder t help us realize the 6. significance (significant)f respecting the ld and cherishing the yung, ur head teacher led us t a lcal nursing hme t serve the elderly. But n ur way 7. t the nursing hme, we suffered sme unpleasant things. First, we were held 8. up in a traffic jam n the freeway fr three hurs. Then ne f ur tires burst, which made us even mre 9. discuraged(discurage). Hwever, when we arrived at the destinatin t serve the ld man, we all felt very happy, because the happy expressin n the ld man’s face 10. witnessed (witness)everything we have dne. What a meaningful thing this is! Only in this way can ur sciety be mre harmnius!
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident. One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me but almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. T everyne’s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm nw n, I started t play my ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句: interesting改为interested。考查习惯搭配。becme interested in 表示“对……感兴趣”。
【易错误区】interested还是interesting
interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物; interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。
2. 【解析】第二句: where 改为when。考查定语从句。先行词afternn表示时间, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语, 故用关系副词when。
3. 【解析】第三句: Suddenly后加a。考查冠词。ftball为可数名词且是第一次提到, 故用不定冠词a。
4. 【解析】第三句: but改为and。考查连词。此处不是转折关系而是顺承关系, 故用and。
5. 【解析】第四句: hardly改为hard。考查副词辨析。 hardly表示“几乎不”, hard表示“努力地, 用力地”。结合句意可知, 把hardly改为hard。
6. 【解析】第五句: surprising改为surprise。考查固定搭配。t ne’s surprise表示“令人惊讶的是”。
7. 【解析】第六句: player 改为players。考查名词的数。player为可数名词, 其前有all修饰, 故用复数形式。
8. 【解析】第六句: say 改为saying。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, say在这里为非谓语动词, 且与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词。
9. 【解析】第七句: nw改为 then。考查固定搭配。frm nw n表示“从现在起”, frm then n表示“从那时起”, 结合句意可知, 把nw改为then。
10. 【解析】第七句: 去掉play后的my。考查习惯用法。play ftball表示“踢足球”, 为习惯用法, ftball前不加代词。故将my去掉。
核心素养 培养学生关注生活中重要人与事的经历, 学习借鉴优秀品质, 树立正确的人生观和价值观
高考链接 2020·江苏高考阅读理解B; 2020·浙江高考阅读填句; 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空; 2020·天津高考阅读理解B; 2019· 天津高考阅读理解B
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·江苏高考阅读理解B)
Smetimes it’s hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry’s past—age-ld castles, splendid red phne bxes.
Beaten first by the march f technlgy and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phne bxes representative f an age are nw making smething f a cmeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair shps r even defibrillatr machines (除颤器).
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.
Abut that time, Tny Inglis’ engineering and transprt cmpany gt the jb t remve phne bxes frm the streets and sell them ut. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds f them himself, with the idea f repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle. Lcal rganizatins can adpt them fr 1 pund, and install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies.
Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities. LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
The tiny shps made ecnmic sense, accrding t Rbert Kerr, a funder f LveFne. He said that ne f the bxes generated arund $13, 500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent.
Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last. “I like what they are t peple, and I enjy bringing things back, ” he said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在英国, 电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来, 电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化, 电话亭又变得流行起来。
1. The phne bxes are making a cmeback ______.
A. t frm a beautiful sight f the city
B. t imprve telecmmunicatins services
C. t remind peple f a histrical perid
D. t meet the requirement f green ecnmy
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知对一些英国人来说, 很难淘汰一些代表着过去时代的事物。故选C。
2. Why did the phne bxes begin t g ut f service in the 1980s?
A. They were nt well-designed.
B. They prvided bad services.
C. They had t shrt a histry.
D. They lst t new technlgies.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards(电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失, 随着移动电话的兴起, 大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知, 电话亭在20世纪80年代不复使用, 是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
3. The phne bxes are becming ppular mainly because f______.
A. their new appearance and lwer prices
B. the push f the lcal rganizatins
C. their changed rles and functins
D. the big funding f the businessmen
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them可知人们发现了电话亭的新用途。再根据第六段have taken n a lifesaving rle和install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies, 以及第七段saw business pprtunities可推知电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化, 因此受到了人们的欢迎。故选C。
【难句剖析】
He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
分析: 本句是一个复合句。主句的主语是He, 谓语是said, 其后是that引导的宾语从句。从句作seen的宾语。
翻译: 他说他听到要保护这些电话亭的呼声, 也看到它们其中一些被列入历史建筑。
【微技能点拨】 弦外之音, 巧解推理判断题
考查的内容虽为文章中的某个细节, 但需要对原文提供的信息进行分析, 理解。即理解作者的弦外之音。
本文中第3题为推理判断题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 原文信息关键词: a lifesaving rle; install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies
Step 2 正确选项关键词: rles and functins
Step 3 两者对比, 弦外之音: 尝试解答 C 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】(2020·江苏高考阅读理解B改编)
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They
1. were designed (design)by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After 2. becming (becme)an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes 3. began(begin) disappearing in the 1980s. With the rise f the mbile phne 4. sending (send)mst f them away t the junkyards, nw the phne bxes representative f 5. an age are making smething f a cmeback. 6. Adapted(adapt) in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair 7. shps (shp) r even defibrillatr machines. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as 8. imprtant (imprtance)fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse. As Inglis said, phne bxes called t mind an age 9. when things were built t last. “I like what they are t peple, 10. and I enjy bringing things back. ”
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2021·济南模拟)
假定你是李华, 上周一你校举行了高三成人礼仪式。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括:
1. 活动时间、地点;
2. 活动内容: 走龙门、成人宣誓等;
3. 个人感悟。
参考词汇: 龙门Lngmen; 宣誓make an ath
注意:
写作词数应为100左右。
The Cming-f-Age Ceremny
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升(短语优先)
There were many activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday.
→There were varieties f activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday.
②句式多变(宾语从句及定语从句等)
It impressed me mst that all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
→What impressed me mst was the mment when all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
③修饰多元(俚语使用)
We witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny last Mnday.
→Last Mnday witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny.
Step 2 妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)
The Cming-f-Age Ceremny
Last Mnday witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny.
All the Senir Three students gathered n the playgrund at 7: 00 sharp in the mrning. There were varieties f activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday. One f them was walking acrss Lngmen, which means a brilliant future waiting fr us diligent students. What impressed me mst was the mment when all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
Thanks t the ceremny, I realize I have grwn up and I shuld be self-disciplined and respnsible fr my behavir.
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·西安模拟)
The histry f writing instruments, with which humans have recrded and cnveyed thughts and feelings, is the histry f civilizatin itself. This is hw we knw abut ur ancestrs and their life.
The handy sharpened-stne was adapted int the first writing instrument. Arund 24, 000 BC, cavemen started drawing pictures with the stne nt the walls f their caves. 1 Walls at the Apll site in Namibia are believed t be the ldest rck paintings t date.
Befre paper came alng, peple used clay r wax tablets n which they wrte with sharp bjects such as metal sticks r bnes. Arund 6, 000 years ag, the Egyptians invented the first paper-like material called papyrus (纸莎草纸). The wrd “paper” actually cmes frm the wrd “papyrus. ”
2 Bnes r metal sticks were n lnger useful as the papyrus culd nt be scratched. S the Egyptians created a reed(芦苇)-pen fr the papyrus. 3 And thus, ancient Egyptians transfrmed bamb stems (茎) int an early frm f funtain pen.
Anther writing instrument that remained active in histry fr lng perid was the quill (鹅毛) pen. Intrduced arund 700 AD, the quill was a pen made frm a bird feather. Gse feathers were mst cmmn. 4 Fr making fine line drawings, crw feathers were the best.
When writers had better inks and paper and handwriting had develped int bth an art frm and an everyday ccurrence, man’s inventive nature nce again turned t imprving the writing instrument. 5
A. Then smething was needed t write upn the papyrus.
B. The papyrus became the mst ppular material at that time.
C. Swan feathers were f high quality, being rare and mst expensive.
D. These were mstly the stems f grass, especially frm the bamb plant.
E. Bamb stems were better and much mre expensive than gse feathers.
F. This led t the develpment f the mdern funtain pen in the 19th century.
G. These drawings shwed events in daily life like the planting f crps r hunting victries.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了人类书写工具的发展历程。
1. 【解析】选G。根据上文Arund 24, 000 BC, cavemen started drawing pictures with the stne nt the walls f their caves. 可知大约在公元前24 000年, 穴居人开始用石头在岩壁上作画。由此可知, 这些图画展现了那时候人们的日常生活。故G选项“这些图画展示了日常生活中的事件, 如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利”符合上下文语境, 故选G。
2. 【解析】选A。根据后文Bnes r metal sticks were n lnger useful as the papyrus culd nt be scratched. 可知因为纸莎草纸不能刮, 所以骨头和金属棒是不能使用的。由此可知纸莎草纸发明后, 在纸莎草纸上是能写东西的。故A选项“在纸莎草纸上是能写东西的”符合上下文语境, 故选A。
3. 【解析】选D。根据上文S the Egyptians created a reed-pen fr the papyrus. 可知所以埃及人为纸莎草纸创造了芦苇笔。由此可知, 本句承接上文介绍芦苇笔, 介绍其原材料大多是草的茎, 尤其是竹子的茎。故D选项“这些大多是草的茎, 尤其是竹子的茎”符合上下文语境, 故选D。
4. 【解析】选C。根据上文Gse feathers were mst cmmn. 可知最常见的是鹅毛。由此可知, 本句应当承接上文继续描述鹅毛的特点。故C选项“天鹅的羽毛质量很好, 既稀有又昂贵”符合上下文语境, 故选C。
5. 【解析】选F。根据上文可知当作家有了更好的墨水、纸和书法, 既发展成为一种艺术形式, 又成为日常生活的一部分时, 人类发明的天性再一次转向改进书写工具。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明人类发明的天性再一次改进了书写工具, 这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展。故F选项“这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展”符合上下文语境, 故选F。
话题词汇
past, age-ld, reappeare, riginal, preserve, histric, advcate, abandn, funder, generate
短语句式
with the rise f , end up, with复合结构等
熟词生义
list v. 把……列入正式名单
take vt. 耗费(时间等)
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·浙江高考)
I experienced years f lneliness as a child. My lder brther culdn’t be bthered t play with me. His friends teased him abut babysitting his sister and his interests were far different frm mine. With n ther kids f my age in the neighbrhd, I had t spend hurs by myself.
A bright spt fr me turned ut t be reading. My lve f the written wrd began early as my mther read t me every evening. I lved the clrful phtgraphs in the bks. I started reading bks n my wn befre age 5 and my mther tk me t the public library nce a week t brrw several bks. I quickly graduated frm typical children’s bks t nes with fewer pictures and lnger chapters. Reading pened new wrlds t me. I wasn’t alne any lnger.
My mther als encuraged me t make what I wanted. I tried making ty cars with cardbard bxes and cnstructing buildings frm leftver cardbard and bits f wd my father gave me. When my mther saw my creatins, she tld me hw creative my designs were. Thus, I began my lifelng interest in making things. I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. It was a trait(特点) thers fund helpful, and I sn had friends wh wanted t make things with me.
Anther habit I frmed early was being utdrs. My parents made it a pint fr their tw kids t spend time utside, n matter the weather r seasn. My brther, f curse, raced ff t be with his friends, while I had plenty t d myself. There was making leaf huses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and s much mre. They’re all memries I treasure tday.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与故事有关的单词或短语。
experience, tease, babysit, by myself, lve, clrful, read, n ne’s wn, library, encurage, creatin, frm, treasure
2. 简单描述一下最令你难忘的童年趣事。
My childhd is clrful, but what I like mst is playing hide-and-seek with my sister. Thrugh hide-and-seek, I understand: n matter what we d, we shuld face difficulties with a psitive attitude. Only in this way can we slve the prblem.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. abandn vt. 放弃, 遗弃; 沉湎于(某种情感) n. [U]放任, 放纵
教材原句
It lked abandned. (P5)它看起来被遗弃了。
【词块必记】
(1)abandn neself t 沉溺于……, 纵情于……
abandn ding sth. 放弃做某事
(2)with abandn纵情地, 放任地
(3)abandned adj. 被遗弃的, 废弃的; 无约束的
be abandned t沉湎于……
【知识拓展】
abandn的同义词有desert, give up, quit等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These abandned(abandn) children have nw gt a future.
②Many peple abandn themselves t shpping(shp) n the Internet.
句式升级
He abandned himself t the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam.
③Abandning himself t the Internet games, he didn’t pass the exam. (现在分词短语作状语)
④Abandned t the Internet games, he didn’t pass the exam. (过去分词短语作状语)
2. preserve vt. 保护, 保存; 维护 n. 动植物保护区
教材原句
In a way, Pmpeii is like a“time capsule”preserving a frzen mment in histry. (P6)从某种程度上来说, 庞培(古城)如同一个“时间舱”, 保存了历史上一个被封存的瞬间。
【词块必记】
(1)preserve sb. /sth. frm sth. 保护……免受……
preserve sth. +adj. 把某物保存得……
(2)preservatin n. 保护, 保存
【误区释疑】
preserve与reserve词形相似, 但reserve 意为“保留; 预订”。
【熟词生义】
She decided t make peach preserves fr Christmas gifts.
她决定为圣诞节制作桃子果酱。(果酱)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They were determined t preserve these children frm being hurt(hurt).
②It’s difficult t preserve(preserve) yur dignity when yu have n jb and n hme.
③Mre mney is needed fr the preservatin(preserve) f histric buildings and mnuments.
句式升级
④Because they are well preserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life.
→ Well preserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life. (过去分词短语作状语)
3. witness vt. 目击; 见证 vi. 为……作证 n. 目击者; 证人
教材原句
Arund the end f the first century AD, a Rman writer called Pliny wrte abut a terrible vlcanic eruptin that he had witnessed as a yung man. (P6)
大约公元一世纪, 一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他在年轻时亲眼看见的一次火山爆发的可怕情景。
【词块必记】
(1)witness fr 为……作证
witness t (ding) sth. 证明/作证(做)某事
(2)be a witness t目击, 看见; 为……提供证据
give/bear witness t为……作证, 证明
【误区释疑】
witness作动词时, 常用拟人化的方式陈述事实, 即用事物名词直接作主语, 表述既简洁又形象。有类似用法的动词还有see, find等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①His gd health is a witness t the success f the treatment.
②The driver witnessed t having seen (see) the man enter the building.
③He will be the lawyer t witness fr yu.
完成句子
④The past 30 years has witnessed China’s rapid develpment.
过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。
【写作金句】
As we knw, recent years have witnessed great changes taking place in China, particularly in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai.
众所周知, 近年来, 中国发生了巨大的变化, 尤其是在北京、天津和上海。
4. ccur (ccurred, ccurred) vi. 发生; 出现; 被想起
教材原句
The eruptin had ccurred n August 24th, 79 AD. (P6)
火山喷发发生在公元79年8月24日。
【词块必记】
sth. ccur(s) t sb. 某人突然想起某事
It ccurs t/strikes/hits sb. that ...
某人突然想起……
It ccurs t sb. t d sth. 某人突然想起做某事
【误区释疑】
ccur意为“发生”时不用于被动语态和进行时态, 其同义词有happen, take place, cme abut, break ut等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①A gd idea ccurred t me when I wke up this mrning.
②It never ccurred t me that yu culd succeed in persuading him t change his mind.
完成句子
③It didn’t ccur t me t ask yu fr help.
当时我没有想到向你求助。
【写作金句】
It suddenly hit/ccurred t me that traditinal culture like tea culture was f great charm and huge value. 我突然想到, 茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。
5. significance n. 重要性; 意义; 意思
教材原句
names can als have significance accrding t their sunds. (P8)
……中国人的名字也可以根据它们的发音变得有意义。
【词块必记】
(1)be f (great/n/little) significance t...
对……(很/不)重要(t是介词)
attach (great) significance t认为……(很)重要(t是介词)
(2)significant adj. 重要的; 明显的
significantly adv. 有重要影响地; 显著地; 意味深长地
【知识拓展】常见“be+f+抽象名词”的短语:
①be f significance=be significant
②be f imprtance=be imprtant
③be f value=be valuable
④be f help/use=be helpful/useful
【构词法】significan(t)+-ce(名词后缀)=significance n. 重要性; 意义; 意思
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We are suppsed t undertake the respnsibility t lead a lw-carbn lifestyle, which is f great significance(significant).
②As time ges by, I attach mre significance t ding (d) what I am ding nw.
③Last but nt least, health is als very significant (significance) t us students.
句型转换
④As we all knw, water is very significant t human being.
→As we all knw, water is f great significance t human being.
【写作金句】
Mst significantly, I’d appreciate it if I culd learn sme basic cmpsing knwledge thrugh yur lecture.
最重要的是, 如果我能通过您的讲座学到一些基本的作曲知识, 我将不胜感激。
6. discurage vt. 使泄气, 使灰心; 阻止, 劝阻
教材原句
was als discuraged because she missed her hme in nrthern England... (P8)
……她也因为想念她在北英格兰的家而灰心……
【词块必记】
(1)discurage sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
(2)discuragement n. 阻止; 泄气; 挫折
(3)discuraged adj. 泄气的; 气馁的
be/get discuraged变得灰心, 泄气
discuraging adj. 令人泄气的
【构词法】
dis-(否定前缀)+curage=discurage vt. 使泄气, 使灰心; 阻止, 劝阻
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We discurage yu frm smking (smke) except in specific areas.
②It’s very discuraging(discurage) that every time I try t ride a bicycle, I fall ff.
③I als had friends wh gave me a great deal f encuragement (encurage).
完成句子
④His parents tried t discurage him frm being an actr.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
⑤I had a discuraging experience in this city yesterday.
昨天我在这座城市有一次令人沮丧的经历。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. cme acrss 偶然遇见; 被理解
教材原句
I came acrss an interesting name stry when I visited my cusin in Henan Prvince. (P8)
在看望河南省的表妹时, 我偶然听到一个关于名字的有趣的故事。
【词块必记】
cme ut 出现; 出版; (花)开放; 结果是
cme abut发生
cme up发生, 出现, 走近; 被提出(不用被动)
cme up with提出; 想出
cme t总计; 达到(某状况); 苏醒
when it cmes t (ding) sth. 当谈及(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①As sn as the prject came up at the meeting, it attracted many peple’s attentin.
②Is this yur necklace, Mary? I came acrss it when I was cleaning the bathrm this mrning.
③Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.
④Can yu tell me hw the accident came abut?
完成句子
⑤When it cmes t hw t speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that yu learn a bunch f prnunciatin rules first.
当谈到如何说一口流利的普通话(Mandarin)时, 我建议你先学学基本的发音规则。
8. hld up 支撑起; 延误, 延迟, 耽搁; 举起, 抬起
教材原句
She became quite famus when she invented a new way f hlding up suspensin bridges during the building prcess. (P8)
当在建桥的过程中她发明了一种支撑吊桥的新方法的时候, 她变得非常出名。
【词块必记】
hld back 阻挡, 抑制, 控制
hld n挂断; 坚持住
hld n t抓住不放; 坚持; 保留
hld ut伸出; 坚持; 提供; 维持
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①T shw this, she held up ne chpstick, representing ne persn.
②I held ut my hand t supprt her.
③She tld the speaker t hld n fr a mment.
完成句子
④She managed t hld back her anger.
她抑制住了自己的怒火。
⑤My father said that if we believe smething was true, we shuld hld n t it.
父亲说如果我们相信某事是真的, 就应该坚持。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. It was the first time Helen had understd such a cmplex wrd—a wrd fr smething she culdn’t tuch.
这是海伦第一次理解这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。
【典型例句】
This is the first time that I have been abrad.
这是我第一次出国。
【句型公式】
(1)It was the first time that...“这是(某人)第一次……”, that引导的从句用过去完成时, 此处that可省略。
(2)It/That/This is/was the first/secnd/ ... time (that) ...是一固定句型, 表示“这是第一次/第二次……”。当主句用was时, 从句用过去完成时; 当主句用is时, 从句用现在完成时。
【误区释疑】The first/secnd/ 引导时间状语从句时, 主从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is the third time that he has held (hld) an art exhibitin.
②It seemed t him that this was the first time he had ever really seen (see) his mther.
③The first time I visited (visit) the West Lake, I was attracted by its beauty.
④It was the first time that they had had (have) a picnic and enjyed themselves.
【写作金句】
The first time I read the bk, I was attracted by it.
我第一次读这本书时, 就被其吸引住了。
【备选要点】
1. burst vi. 爆炸; 冲, 闯; 突然发生 n. 爆发, 突发
教材原句
The building explded because a gas pipe had burst. (P7)
建筑物爆炸是因为煤气管道爆裂。
【词块必记】
(1)burst int/in 突然闯进; 破门而入
burst ut突然迸发; 爆发
burst int tears/laughter=burst ut crying/laughing
突然大哭/大笑
burst with anger/jy/grief
勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝
(2)a burst f一阵
【误区释疑】
短语burst in中的in是副词, 后面不接宾语; 而burst int后接宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①With the play ging n, she burst ut singing (sing).
②He burst int the rm while we were studying.
③His appearance n the platfrm was greeted with a burst f applause.
完成句子
④Seeing her classmates burst ut laughing because f her flish mistakes, she burst int tears.
看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑, 她突然哭了起来。
【写作金句】
I again culdn’t help bursting int tears f jy.
我又情不自禁地喜极而泣。
2. admirable adj. 令人敬佩的; 极佳的
教材原句
Her father thught he was admirable because he built bridges yu can really cunt n. (P8)
她的父亲认为他令人钦佩, 他修建了你真正可以依赖的桥梁。
【词块必记】
(1)admire vt. 钦佩; 羡慕; 赞美
admire sb. fr sth. 佩服某人的……
(2)admiratin n. 敬佩; 羡慕
with admiratin羡慕地; 赞赏地
【构词法】
admir(e)+-able(形容词后缀)=admirable adj. 令人敬佩的; 极佳的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The schl is admired fr its excellent teaching.
②I have great admiratin(admire) fr her as a writer.
完成句子
③I dn’t agree with her, but I admire her fr sticking t her principles.
我不同意她的意见, 但是我赞赏她坚守原则。
④She speaks English s well that her friends are filled with admiratin.
她的英语说得好极了, 她的朋友都赞美不已。
【写作金句】
It is her friendliness and the sense f respnsibility that make me admire her. 正是她的友善和责任感让我佩服她。
3. severe adj. 严重的; 严厉的; 剧烈的
教材原句
With these severe restrictins n her cmmunicatin, Helen’s behaviur was ften unbearable. (P10)
因为交流上有这些严重的障碍, 海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。
【词块必记】
(1)be severe with/n... 对……严格/严厉
(2)severelyadv. 严重地
【熟词生义】
Her hair was shrt and severe.
她头发不长, 也没什么花样。(过于简朴的)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Was his mther t severe n/with him?
②Anyne breaking the law will be severely(severe) punished.
完成句子
③The party suffered severe lsses during the last electin. 该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。
④The curts are becming mre severe n/with yung ffenders.
法庭对少年犯的处罚趋于严厉。
4. restrictin n. 限制, 约束
教材原句
With these severe restrictins n her cmmunicatin, Helen’s behaviur was ften unbearable. (P10)因为交流上有这些严重的障碍, 海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。
【词块必记】
(1)restrictin n. 限制, 约束
make/place restrictins n限制……
speed restrictins速度限制
(2)restrict vt. 限制, 限定; 约束
restrict ne’s freedm限制某人的自由
把……限制在……(t是介词, 后跟名词或动名词)
【构词法】
restrict+-in(名词后缀)=restrictin n. 限制, 约束
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The gvernment placed/made restrictins n the number f freign cars that culd be imprted.
②I restrict myself t ne cup f cffee a day.
③The gvernment has agreed t lift restrictins(restrict) n press freedm.
完成句子
④We restrict the number f students per class t 30.
我们将每个班学生的人数限定为30。
⑤Having small children tends t restrict yur freedm.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
【文化金句】
As far as I am cncerned, crruptin is avidable with the restrictin f law.
在我看来, 腐败是可以通过法律的约束避免的。
5. eager adj. 渴望的, 热衷的
教材原句
was very eager t learn mre and use it as much as she culd. (P11)
……她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它。
【词块必记】
be eager fr sth. 渴望某物
be eager t d sth. 渴望干某事
be eager fr sb. t d sth. 渴望某人做某事
be eager that...(shuld) d sth. 渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气)
【思维拓展】
“渴望”的表达还有lng fr..., be ready fr..., be anxius fr/t...等
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①When I was in truble, I was eager fr yur help.
②I was eager t get(get) back t wrk as sn as pssible.
③The freman is eager that all the wrkers (shuld) cme (cme)n time.
句式转换
④I’m eager fr mre infrmatin abut yur activity.
→I’m eager t get mre infrmatin abut yur activity.
⑤He is eager fr his parents t buy a new bike.
→He is eager that his parents (shuld) buy a new bike.
【文化金句】
On ccasin, an eager Chinese hst may place fd int yur bwl r n yur plate.
有时, 热情的中国主人会把食物放进你的碗里或盘子里。
6. expand v. 扩大, 扩充; 使膨胀; 详述
教材原句
As Helen’s knwledge and vcabulary expanded, she asked mre and mre questins. (P11)随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富, 海伦问的问题越来越多。
【词块必记】
(1) 把……扩展/发展成……
expand int...扩展/膨胀成……
expand n/upn sth. 详述某事; 充分叙述某事
(2)expansinn. 扩张, 扩大; 膨胀
【熟词生义】
I repeated the questin and waited fr her t expand.
我重复这个问题等待她的详述。(详述)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Culd yu expand n/upn that pint, please?
②The cmpany has abandned plans fr further expansin (expand).
完成句子
③As children grw lder they expand their interests and becme mre cnfident.
随着孩子的成长, 他们的兴趣会变广, 且会变得更自信。
④He later expanded n/upn his statement.
他后来详细陈述了他的声明。
⑤The teacher asked students t expand a sentence int a stry. 老师要求学生们将一句话扩展成一个故事。
7. cunt n 依靠, 指望; 期望
教材原句
Her father thught he was admirable because he built bridges yu can really cunt n. (P8)她的父亲认为他令人钦佩, 因为他建造了你真正可以信赖的桥梁。
【词块必记】
cunt n sth. /sb. 指望/依靠某事/某人
cunt n ding sth. 指望做某事
cunt n sb. t d/ding sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事
cunt ... in/ut包括/不包括
cunt dwn倒计时
cunt sb. /sth. as/t be...认为某人/某物是……
【思维拓展】
表示“指望, 依靠”的短语还有depend n, rely n, figure n, 它们后跟宾语从句时一般要用it作形式宾语, 然后再接that从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The whle team was cunting n me, but I let them dwn.
②We are cunting dwn the days t the end f this summer hliday.
③If yu are ging ut tnight, yu’ll have t cunt me ut.
④He cunts n his parents t take/taking (take) care f his children.
一句多译
⑤我们只能依靠他来营救我们。
We can nly cunt n him t rescue us/rescuing us.
→We can nly cunt n it that he will rescue us.
8. Nw that Helen understd the key t language, she was very eager t learn mre and use it as much as she culd. 既然海伦理解了语言之谜, 她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
【典型例句】
Nw that yu have a gd chance, why can’t yu grasp it?
既然你有一个好机会, 为什么你不能抓住它?
【句型公式】
(1)nw that“既然, 由于”, 引导原因状语从句, 相当于since, that可以省略。
(2)引导原因状语从句的常用词还有: because, as, since, in that, seeing that, cnsidering (that)等。
①I’m lucky in that I’ve gt fur sisters.
我很幸运, 因为我有四个姐妹。
②Seeing that he’s been ff sick all week he’s unlikely t cme. 他请病假整整一周了, 所以他不大可能来。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They have made remarkable prgress, cnsidering(cnsider) that they nly started last week.
②Seeing (see) that he was wrking hard, he achieved great success.
③She was frtunate in that she had friends t help her.
完成句子
④Nw that yu have knwn the truth, I dn’t need t explain it.
既然你已知道了真相, 我就没有必要解释了。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考)LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning (abandn)them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred(ccur) billins f years ag.
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers carries special significance(significant).
4. (2020· 天津高考)Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged(discurage).
5. (2020·浙江高考)By 9: 33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
On my way hme, I came 1. acrss a beggar. He was lying n the grund, cld and hungry. Obviusly, he was eager fr fd and warmth. He tld us he had been 2. abandned(abandn) by his sn. All f us culdn’t put up 3. with his sn’s bad behavir. We all didn’t figure 4. ut why this phenmenn 5. ccurred (ccur)in ur harmnius sciety. Nw that we all will get ld, why nt let ur parents cunt n us? In rder t help us realize the 6. significance (significant)f respecting the ld and cherishing the yung, ur head teacher led us t a lcal nursing hme t serve the elderly. But n ur way 7. t the nursing hme, we suffered sme unpleasant things. First, we were held 8. up in a traffic jam n the freeway fr three hurs. Then ne f ur tires burst, which made us even mre 9. discuraged(discurage). Hwever, when we arrived at the destinatin t serve the ld man, we all felt very happy, because the happy expressin n the ld man’s face 10. witnessed (witness)everything we have dne. What a meaningful thing this is! Only in this way can ur sciety be mre harmnius!
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
I became interesting in playing ftball thanks t a small accident. One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. Suddenly ftball fell just in frnt f me but almst hit me. I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. T everyne’s surprising, the ball went int the net. All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly, say that I had a talent fr ftball. Frm nw n, I started t play my ftball with classmates after schl. I am a gd player nw.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句: interesting改为interested。考查习惯搭配。becme interested in 表示“对……感兴趣”。
【易错误区】interested还是interesting
interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物; interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。
2. 【解析】第二句: where 改为when。考查定语从句。先行词afternn表示时间, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语, 故用关系副词when。
3. 【解析】第三句: Suddenly后加a。考查冠词。ftball为可数名词且是第一次提到, 故用不定冠词a。
4. 【解析】第三句: but改为and。考查连词。此处不是转折关系而是顺承关系, 故用and。
5. 【解析】第四句: hardly改为hard。考查副词辨析。 hardly表示“几乎不”, hard表示“努力地, 用力地”。结合句意可知, 把hardly改为hard。
6. 【解析】第五句: surprising改为surprise。考查固定搭配。t ne’s surprise表示“令人惊讶的是”。
7. 【解析】第六句: player 改为players。考查名词的数。player为可数名词, 其前有all修饰, 故用复数形式。
8. 【解析】第六句: say 改为saying。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, say在这里为非谓语动词, 且与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词。
9. 【解析】第七句: nw改为 then。考查固定搭配。frm nw n表示“从现在起”, frm then n表示“从那时起”, 结合句意可知, 把nw改为then。
10. 【解析】第七句: 去掉play后的my。考查习惯用法。play ftball表示“踢足球”, 为习惯用法, ftball前不加代词。故将my去掉。
核心素养 培养学生关注生活中重要人与事的经历, 学习借鉴优秀品质, 树立正确的人生观和价值观
高考链接 2020·江苏高考阅读理解B; 2020·浙江高考阅读填句; 2020·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空; 2020·天津高考阅读理解B; 2019· 天津高考阅读理解B
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·江苏高考阅读理解B)
Smetimes it’s hard t let g. Fr many British peple, that can apply t institutins and bjects that represent their cuntry’s past—age-ld castles, splendid red phne bxes.
Beaten first by the march f technlgy and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phne bxes representative f an age are nw making smething f a cmeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair shps r even defibrillatr machines (除颤器).
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.
Abut that time, Tny Inglis’ engineering and transprt cmpany gt the jb t remve phne bxes frm the streets and sell them ut. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds f them himself, with the idea f repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle. Lcal rganizatins can adpt them fr 1 pund, and install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies.
Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities. LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
The tiny shps made ecnmic sense, accrding t Rbert Kerr, a funder f LveFne. He said that ne f the bxes generated arund $13, 500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent.
Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last. “I like what they are t peple, and I enjy bringing things back, ” he said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在英国, 电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来, 电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化, 电话亭又变得流行起来。
1. The phne bxes are making a cmeback ______.
A. t frm a beautiful sight f the city
B. t imprve telecmmunicatins services
C. t remind peple f a histrical perid
D. t meet the requirement f green ecnmy
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知对一些英国人来说, 很难淘汰一些代表着过去时代的事物。故选C。
2. Why did the phne bxes begin t g ut f service in the 1980s?
A. They were nt well-designed.
B. They prvided bad services.
C. They had t shrt a histry.
D. They lst t new technlgies.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards(电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失, 随着移动电话的兴起, 大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知, 电话亭在20世纪80年代不复使用, 是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
3. The phne bxes are becming ppular mainly because f______.
A. their new appearance and lwer prices
B. the push f the lcal rganizatins
C. their changed rles and functins
D. the big funding f the businessmen
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them可知人们发现了电话亭的新用途。再根据第六段have taken n a lifesaving rle和install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies, 以及第七段saw business pprtunities可推知电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化, 因此受到了人们的欢迎。故选C。
【难句剖析】
He said that he had heard the calls t preserve the bxes and had seen hw sme f them were listed as histric buildings.
分析: 本句是一个复合句。主句的主语是He, 谓语是said, 其后是that引导的宾语从句。从句作seen的宾语。
翻译: 他说他听到要保护这些电话亭的呼声, 也看到它们其中一些被列入历史建筑。
【微技能点拨】 弦外之音, 巧解推理判断题
考查的内容虽为文章中的某个细节, 但需要对原文提供的信息进行分析, 理解。即理解作者的弦外之音。
本文中第3题为推理判断题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 原文信息关键词: a lifesaving rle; install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies
Step 2 正确选项关键词: rles and functins
Step 3 两者对比, 弦外之音: 尝试解答 C 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】(2020·江苏高考阅读理解B改编)
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They
1. were designed (design)by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After 2. becming (becme)an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes 3. began(begin) disappearing in the 1980s. With the rise f the mbile phne 4. sending (send)mst f them away t the junkyards, nw the phne bxes representative f 5. an age are making smething f a cmeback. 6. Adapted(adapt) in imaginative ways, many have reappeared n city streets and village greens husing tiny cafes, cellphne repair 7. shps (shp) r even defibrillatr machines. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as 8. imprtant (imprtance)fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse. As Inglis said, phne bxes called t mind an age 9. when things were built t last. “I like what they are t peple, 10. and I enjy bringing things back. ”
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2021·济南模拟)
假定你是李华, 上周一你校举行了高三成人礼仪式。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括:
1. 活动时间、地点;
2. 活动内容: 走龙门、成人宣誓等;
3. 个人感悟。
参考词汇: 龙门Lngmen; 宣誓make an ath
注意:
写作词数应为100左右。
The Cming-f-Age Ceremny
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升(短语优先)
There were many activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday.
→There were varieties f activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday.
②句式多变(宾语从句及定语从句等)
It impressed me mst that all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
→What impressed me mst was the mment when all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
③修饰多元(俚语使用)
We witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny last Mnday.
→Last Mnday witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny.
Step 2 妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)
The Cming-f-Age Ceremny
Last Mnday witnessed an exciting Cming-f-Age Ceremny.
All the Senir Three students gathered n the playgrund at 7: 00 sharp in the mrning. There were varieties f activities t celebrate the cming 18-year-ld birthday. One f them was walking acrss Lngmen, which means a brilliant future waiting fr us diligent students. What impressed me mst was the mment when all f us made an ath abut what shuld be dne as civilized yuths.
Thanks t the ceremny, I realize I have grwn up and I shuld be self-disciplined and respnsible fr my behavir.
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·西安模拟)
The histry f writing instruments, with which humans have recrded and cnveyed thughts and feelings, is the histry f civilizatin itself. This is hw we knw abut ur ancestrs and their life.
The handy sharpened-stne was adapted int the first writing instrument. Arund 24, 000 BC, cavemen started drawing pictures with the stne nt the walls f their caves. 1 Walls at the Apll site in Namibia are believed t be the ldest rck paintings t date.
Befre paper came alng, peple used clay r wax tablets n which they wrte with sharp bjects such as metal sticks r bnes. Arund 6, 000 years ag, the Egyptians invented the first paper-like material called papyrus (纸莎草纸). The wrd “paper” actually cmes frm the wrd “papyrus. ”
2 Bnes r metal sticks were n lnger useful as the papyrus culd nt be scratched. S the Egyptians created a reed(芦苇)-pen fr the papyrus. 3 And thus, ancient Egyptians transfrmed bamb stems (茎) int an early frm f funtain pen.
Anther writing instrument that remained active in histry fr lng perid was the quill (鹅毛) pen. Intrduced arund 700 AD, the quill was a pen made frm a bird feather. Gse feathers were mst cmmn. 4 Fr making fine line drawings, crw feathers were the best.
When writers had better inks and paper and handwriting had develped int bth an art frm and an everyday ccurrence, man’s inventive nature nce again turned t imprving the writing instrument. 5
A. Then smething was needed t write upn the papyrus.
B. The papyrus became the mst ppular material at that time.
C. Swan feathers were f high quality, being rare and mst expensive.
D. These were mstly the stems f grass, especially frm the bamb plant.
E. Bamb stems were better and much mre expensive than gse feathers.
F. This led t the develpment f the mdern funtain pen in the 19th century.
G. These drawings shwed events in daily life like the planting f crps r hunting victries.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了人类书写工具的发展历程。
1. 【解析】选G。根据上文Arund 24, 000 BC, cavemen started drawing pictures with the stne nt the walls f their caves. 可知大约在公元前24 000年, 穴居人开始用石头在岩壁上作画。由此可知, 这些图画展现了那时候人们的日常生活。故G选项“这些图画展示了日常生活中的事件, 如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利”符合上下文语境, 故选G。
2. 【解析】选A。根据后文Bnes r metal sticks were n lnger useful as the papyrus culd nt be scratched. 可知因为纸莎草纸不能刮, 所以骨头和金属棒是不能使用的。由此可知纸莎草纸发明后, 在纸莎草纸上是能写东西的。故A选项“在纸莎草纸上是能写东西的”符合上下文语境, 故选A。
3. 【解析】选D。根据上文S the Egyptians created a reed-pen fr the papyrus. 可知所以埃及人为纸莎草纸创造了芦苇笔。由此可知, 本句承接上文介绍芦苇笔, 介绍其原材料大多是草的茎, 尤其是竹子的茎。故D选项“这些大多是草的茎, 尤其是竹子的茎”符合上下文语境, 故选D。
4. 【解析】选C。根据上文Gse feathers were mst cmmn. 可知最常见的是鹅毛。由此可知, 本句应当承接上文继续描述鹅毛的特点。故C选项“天鹅的羽毛质量很好, 既稀有又昂贵”符合上下文语境, 故选C。
5. 【解析】选F。根据上文可知当作家有了更好的墨水、纸和书法, 既发展成为一种艺术形式, 又成为日常生活的一部分时, 人类发明的天性再一次转向改进书写工具。由此可知, 本句承接上文说明人类发明的天性再一次改进了书写工具, 这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展。故F选项“这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展”符合上下文语境, 故选F。
话题词汇
past, age-ld, reappeare, riginal, preserve, histric, advcate, abandn, funder, generate
短语句式
with the rise f , end up, with复合结构等
熟词生义
list v. 把……列入正式名单
take vt. 耗费(时间等)
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