高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes同步测试题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes同步测试题，共12页。

A
Mst f Lndn's natinal museums are cmpletely free f charge. S withut cst t wrry abut, these are the must-see museums fr art lvers n their first trip t Lndn.
Natinal Prtrait Gallery
PHONE +44 20 7306 0055
Where else but the Natinal Prtrait Gallery can yu find il paintings f the Brnte sisters and William Shakespeare alngside black and white phtgraphs f the Spice Girls and a mixed media prtrait f J.K. Rwling? Featuring a cllectin f famus British peple frm the Tudr perid t the present day, the Natinal Prtrait Gallery is a must fr thse wh like British culture.
Science Museum
PHONE +44 33 3241 4000
Ideal fr left-brainers, Lndn's Science Museum celebrates scientific, technlgical, and mathematical achievements — but that makes it sund s serius. With interactive exhibits, flight simulatrs, an IMAX theater, and even a milkshake bar, a trip t the Science Museum is far frm the bring science lessns frm back in the day.
Churchill War Rms
PHONE +44 20 7416 5000
The Imperial War Museum is a cllectin f five museums and sites. One f the cllectin' s mst fascinatin inclusins is the Churchill War Rms. Walking thrugh the undergrund labyrinth （迷宫）f war rms is literally walking in the ftsteps f Sir Winstn Churchill and his war cabinet during WWII
Natural Histry Museum
PHONE +44 20 7942 5000
Once the hme t African elephant specimens and surprising casts f a Triceratps and Dipldcus, the museum' s main hall nw flats the real skeletn f a blue whale high abve visitrs’ heads. Thugh n lnger in the entry hall, yu can still find dinsaurs here, such as the first fssil ever fund frm a T. rex.
1. Which is the best chice fr J.K. Rwling’s fans?
A. Natinal Prtrait Gallery.B. Science Museum.
C. Churchill War Rms.D. Natural Histry Museum.
2. What can peple d in Science Museum?
A. View the arts f the Tudr perid.B. Enjy a film in an IMAX theater.
C. Learn abut the war histry f Britain.D. Watch the skeletn f a blue whale.
3. Which number shuld be called if yu’ re interested in dinsaurs?
A. 44 20 7306 0055.B. 44 33 3241 4000.
C. 44 20 7416 5000.D. 44 20 7942 5000.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇旅游指南，介绍了伦敦最值得去的四大博物馆。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由Natinal Prtrait Gallery部分“Where else but the Natinal Prtrait Gallery can yu find il paintings f the Brnte sisters and William Shakespeare alngside black and white phtgraphs f the Spice Girls and a mixed media prtrait f J.K. Rwling? ”可知，只有在Natinal Prtrait Gallery人们才能看到the Brnte sisters和William Shakespeare的油画，the Spice Girls 的黑白照片以及 J.K. Rwling的自画像。因此可以判断 J.K. Rwling的粉丝应该选择Natinal Prtrait Gallery。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由Science Museum部分“With interactive exhibits, flight simulatrs, an IMAX theater, and even a milkshake bar, a trip t the Science Museum is far frm the bring science lessns frm back in the day.”可知，Science Museum里面有互动展览、模拟飞行、IMAX剧院甚至还有奶昔吧。到Science Museum的旅行与过去不同，绝对不会让你感觉无聊。B项“在IMAX剧院看电影”是可以在Science Museum实现的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由Natural Histry Museum部分“Thugh n lnger in the entry hall, yu can still find dinsaurs here, such as the first fssil ever fund frm a T. rex.PHONE +44 20 7942 5000”可知，你可以在Natural Histry Museum看到恐龙。所以如果对恐龙感兴趣，要到Natural Histry Museum，拨打 +44 20 7942 5000。故选D项。
B
Just when yu thught yu were taking care f yur health by eating enugh fruit and vegetables every day, new research has cme ut revealing that yu might be swallwing micrplastic particles(颗粒)alng with all thse vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A grundbreaking study published in the jurnal Envirnmental Research has fund that fruits and vegetables absrb micrplastic particles frm the sil and mve them thrugh vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred t human bdies.
The researchers, wh are frm the University f Catania in Italy, as well as Susse and Mnastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety f cmmn fruits and vegetables---carrts, lettuce, brccli, ptates, apples, and pears. These were chsen fr the fact that they are frequently cnsumed, usually ne per day, which allwed the researchers t better assess the dietary intakes f MPs (micrplastic particles) and NPs (nan-plastics). The samples were purchased frm different surces in the city f Catania, including a small fruit vendr and a supermarket.
The researchers fund that apples, fllwed by pears, were the mst plluted fruit samples, and carrts were the mst plluted vegetable. In the study’s discussin sectin, the authrs wrte, “We can assume that the fruits cntain mre MPs nt nly because f the very high vascularizatin(血管化)f the fruit pulp (果肉) but als due t the greater size and cmplexity f the rt system and age f the tree (several years) cmpared t the vegetables (60-75 days fr the carrt).”
This study is imprtant because it’s the first t detect micrplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been fund in ther surces befre, such as sea salt, beer, water(bttled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, sil, and even air, but never inside fresh prduce. It’s an alarming discvery that raises yet anther red flag abut micrplastic pllutin in the natural envirnment.
It’s an area that will likely see a lt mre attentin in cming years, with the study authrs calling fr further research int the questin f micrplastic and whether it harms the health f bth plants and humans.
4. What is the study abut?
A. The main cause f sil pllutin.
B. The great changes in peple’s diets.
C. The benefits f eating fruits and vegetables.
D The micrplastic pllutin in fruits and vegetables.
5. Why did researchers chse frequently eaten fruits and vegetables?
A. T lwer the cst f the study.B. T gain widespread acceptance.
C. T imprve the accuracy f the study.D. T reduce the time fr preparing the samples.
6. What makes the study quite special?
A. It shwed the influences f MPs n plants.
B. It prved the surce f micrplastic pllutin.
C. It presented the danger f MPs t human’s bdy.
D. It discvered MPs in fresh prduce fr the first time.
7. What d the study authrs think f the research n micrplastic?
A. It needs t be further studied.B. It wasted them quite a lt f time.
C. It has raised peple’s awareness f health.D. It has attracted peple’s attentin t diets.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究发现水果和蔬菜会吸收土壤中的微塑料颗粒，被人吸收后进入人体内，但对人体是否有害处仍尚未得知。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A grundbreaking study published in the jurnal Envirnmental Research has fund that fruits and vegetables absrb micrplastic particles frm the sil and mve them thrugh vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred t human bdies.”一项发表在《环境研究》杂志上的开创性研究发现，水果和蔬菜从土壤中吸收微塑料颗粒，并将它们通过植物组织移动，直到饥饿的食客吃掉它们，从而转移到人体。所以这篇研究是关于水果和蔬菜中的微塑料污染。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“These were chsen fr the fact that they are frequently cnsumed, usually ne per day, which allwed the researchers t better assess the dietary intakes f MPs (micrplastic particles) and NPs (nan-plastics). ”选择它们的原因是它们经常被消耗，通常每天都吃，这使研究人员可以更好地评估MPs（微颗粒）和NPs（纳米塑料）的饮食摄入量。可知研究人员选择经常吃的水果和蔬菜是为了以提高研究的准确性。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This study is imprtant because it’s the first t detect micrplastics in fruits and vegetables.”这项研究很重要，因为它是第一个检测水果和蔬菜中的微塑性的方法。可知让这项研究特别的是它证明了微塑性污染的来源。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s an area that will likely see a lt mre attentin in cming years, with the study authrs calling fr further research int the questin f micrplastic”未来几年，这一领域可能会引起更多关注，研究者呼吁对微塑性问题进行进一步研究。可知研究者认为对于微塑性污染的研究需要进一步推进。故选A项。
【点睛】
C
Mst f the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have cme frm animals. The mre we cme int cntact with wild animals, the mre we risk a s-called disease “spillver” frm animals t humans.
“As peple mve and wildlife mve in respnse t a changing envirnment, humans and wildlife and animals will cme in cntact mre regularly,” said Jeanne Fair frm the Ls Alams Natinal Labratry in New Mexic. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent. “Everything is srt f shifting and will shift int the future as the envirnment changes thrugh climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatlgists and epidemilgists (流行病学家) n Fair’s team at Ls Alams, are beginning t mdel hw changes t the climate will impact the spread f infectius diseases. It’s early days fr this kind f research, but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak. Scientists say drught and defrestatin have cmbined t frce bats ut f rain frests and int rchards (果园) in Malaysia t find fd. Thse bats, a cmmn disease reservir, then passed the Nipah virus thrugh pigs t humans fr the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re ging by the past data t really predict what’s ging t happen in the future,” Fair said, “And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt. And s, that’s just increasing as we g frward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head f the climate and health prgram at Clumbia University’s public health schl, argues we dn’t yet knw whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectius disease rates glbally. Fr example, msquites carry disease that affects millins f peple acrss the wrld every year. As their habitats expand in sme parts f the wrld, they might cntract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we knw fr certain abut climate change is that it will make it harder t predict where disease utbreaks will pp up.
8. Hw des climate change affect the spread f disease accrding t Fair?
A. By breaking animals’habits.B. By increasing animals’varieties.
C. By prmting animals’breeding.D. By changing animals’living envirnment.
9. What is the example f bats fr in paragraph 3?
A. Explaining the influence f Nipah virus.
B. Prving the harm f bats t human beings.
C. Shwing the effects f climate change n disease.
D. Presenting scientists’early study abut the cause f disease.
10. What can we infer frm Fair’s wrds in paragraph 4?
A. Humans shuld give up studying animals.
B. Frequent cntact with animals can cause disease utbreaks.
C. Disease ht spts will disappear if animals die ut.
D. Past data can slve the prblems in the future.
11. What culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Climate Change and Disease Spillver
B. Animals’Interactin with Humans
C. Early Studies abut Extreme Weather
D. Scientists’Predictin fr Disease Outbreaks
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文，聚焦气候变化对疾病传播的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will als make the pprtunities fr disease spillver mre frequent.‘ Everything is srt f shifting and will shift int the future as the envirnment changes thrugh climate change,’”可以得知Fair认为通过改变动物的栖息地，气候变化将使疾病蔓延的机会更加频繁，随着气候变化带来的环境变化，一切都在某种程度上发生变化，并将向未来转变。也就是说气候变化通过改变动物的生活环境（即栖息地）来影响疾病的传播。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“but previus studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a rle in at least ne utbreak.”可知之前的研究表明极端天气已经在至少一次疫情爆发中发挥了作用。根据第三段中的“Scientists say drught and defrestatin have cmbined t frce bats ut f rain frests and int rchards in Malaysia t find fd. Thse bats, a cmmn disease reservir, then passed the Nipah virus thrugh pigs t humans fr the first time in the late 1990s.”可知作者举了一个蝙蝠的例子：干旱和森林砍伐两者的结合迫使蝙蝠离开雨林，进入马来西亚的果园寻找食物。这些蝙蝠是一种常见的疾病宿主，然后在20世纪90年代末首次通过猪将尼帕病毒传播给人类。由此推知这个蝙蝠的例子是为了说明气候变化对疾病的影响。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Fair said, “And s, anytime yu increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s srt f an emerging disease ht spt.”可知Fair说任何时候只要野生动物与人类的接触变多，就会成为某种新的疾病热点。由此推断与野生动物过多的接触会引起疾病暴发，故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本文的主旨句在第一段"he mre we cme int cntact with wild
animals, the mre we risk a s-called disease“spillver”frm animals t human”，即我们与野生动物接触越多，就越有可能面临染上从动物“溢出”的疾病。接着下文用研究数据以及蝙蝠和蚊子为例来说明气候变化导致环境变化，迫使有些动物离开生存的环境，最终把疾病传染给人类。由此可知，天气的变化与疾病的关系。A项（气候变化和疾病蔓延）最能概括本文， B选项范围太大，C、D选项太片面。故选A项。
D
Experts agree that parents wh give up cntrl ver their children’s lives wuld raise them t be mre independent adults. While the vast majrity f parents are nt in the psitin t bribe their children int elite(精英) schls, this extreme case illustrates the temptatin many feel t take cntrl f their kids’ lives. But an extreme hands-n apprach can have devastating (毁灭性的) cnsequences when it cmes t a child’s mental health.
“These parents thught their kids were incapable f managing their lives by themselves. And I dn’t think there’s any wrse message yu can give smebdy than ‘I dn’t have any cnfidence in yur ability t handle yur wn life,’” the clinical neurpsychlgist Willam Stixrud tld HuffPst. Stixrud is the authr f The Self-driven Child: The Science and Sense f Giving Yur Kids Mre Cntrl Over Their Lives, alng with Ned Jhnsn.
In their research, Stixrud and Jhnsn have identified the imprtance fr yung peple t feel a sense f cntrl ver their wn lives. “We have this epidemic(流行病) f stress-related prblems like anxiety and depressin, and s many f thse are related t the fact that kids feel s little cntrl ver their lives,” said Stixrud. “They feel like, ‘Here’s a script t get int cllege, and that’s what yur life is ging t be.’ It’s incredibly stressful and discuraging fr many kids.” In rder t develp healthy self-mtivatin, yung peple need t feel a sense f agency and autnmy, which parents and educatrs have the pwer t prmte.
“We suggest parents think f themselves as cnsultants, rather than a kid’s manager r bss, r the hmewrk plice. It’s a very different kind f thinking abut yur rle”, said Stixrud, “As a cnsultant, yur rle is nt t frce anything r say ‘Yu need t be like this’. Instead, help yur kid understand what he r she wants t be.” He advises parents t encurage their kids t make their wn decisins lng befre the cllege years. It’s imprtant t cnstantly ask, “Whse life is this?” and realize the answer is “My child’s life, nt mine.”
12. What des the writer think f the extreme hands-n apprach in parenting?
A. It’s gd fr parents t cntrl children better.
B. It can raise children t be independent nes.
C. It’s harmful t children’s mental health.
D. It can help children t be admitted int better schls.
13. What des the underlined wrd “bribe” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. persuadeB. translateC. thrwD. shck
14. In the last paragraph, the authr intends t_________.
A summarize the previus paragraphsB. add sme backgrund infrmatin
C. prvide sme advice fr parentsD. intrduce a new tpic fr discussin
15. Which culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Hw t Be Yur Children’s Friend
B. Be Yur Children’s Cnsultant Instead f Manager
C Accmpany Yur Children Grwing Up
D. Hw t Help Yur Children Adjust t Cllege Life
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家的观点，放弃对孩子生活的控制会使孩子长大后更独立，建议家长把自己当作孩子的顾问，而不是管理者。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But an extreme apprach can have devastating cnsequences when it cmes t a child's mental health”但是，当涉及到儿童的心理健康时，极端的方法可能会带来毁灭性的后果可知，作者认为这种极端的育儿方式对儿童的心理健康有害，故选C项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段中“ this extreme case illustrates the temptatin many feel t take cntrl f their kids’ lives”他的极端案例说明了许多人对控制自己孩子生活的诱惑。可知此处bribe表示“劝说，规劝”，符合本句语境。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We suggest parents think f themselves as advisrs, rather than a kid“s manager r bss, r the hmewrk plice. It's a very different kind f thinking abut yur rle”我们建议家长把自己当作顾问，而不是孩子的经理、老板或家庭作业警察，以及“He advises parents t encurage their kids t make their wn decisins lng befre the cllege years”他建议父母鼓励孩子在进入大学之前就自己做决定等内容可推断，作者继续引用Stixrud的观点，其目的是为家长提供一些建议，故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“We suggest parents think f themselves as advisrs, rather than a kid's manager r bss, r the hmewrk plice”以及全文内容可知，专家认为，放弃对孩子生活的控制会使孩子长大后更独立，建议家长把自己当作孩子的顾问，而不是管理者，可知B项“Be Yur Children’s Cnsultant Instead f Manager”做孩子的顾问，而不是管理者，切合全文语境，且具有高度概括性，适合作为文章标题，故选B项。