2020-2021学年Grammar and usage课时训练

这是一份2020-2021学年Grammar and usage课时训练，共10页。

必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词或词组的正确形式填空
ideal rigid era tread diverge nvelist
break with industrializatin
1.We are living in the cmputer .
答案era
2.We heard father’s n the steps.
答案tread
3.She’s been depressed since she her byfriend.
答案brke with
4.Our views s greatly that it was impssible t agree.
答案diverged
5. was the way t meet these ecnmic prblems.
答案Industrializatin
6.The trip t Paris will be an pprtunity t practice my French.
答案ideal
7.Several clleges have rules abut student cnduct.
答案rigid
8.The success f the nvels has made her the mst highly paid in histry.
答案nvelist
Ⅱ.真题链接
1.(2020全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
答案t find
2.(2020全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
答案cming
3.(2020全国卷Ⅱ)They make great gifts and yu see them many times (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
答案decrated
4.(2020全国新高考卷Ⅰ)As well as lking at exhibits,visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
答案walking
5.(2020全国卷Ⅲ)The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut (find) the well-knwn painter.
答案t find
6.(2020全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds (surrund) the muntain tps,he was reduced t tears.
答案surrunding
7.(2020天津卷) (help) us prepare fr the exam,the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
答案T help
8.(2020天津卷)The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet (clap) fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.
答案clapping
9.(2020浙江卷)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy (change) lives.
答案t change
10.(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned t wrk with the seasns,planting at the right time and,in dry areas, (make) use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
答案making
11.(2020江苏卷)Technlgical innvatins, (cmbine) with gd marketing,will prmte the sales f these prducts.
答案cmbined
12.(2019全国卷Ⅱ)A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year” fr (be) Britain’s ldest full-time emplyee—still wrking 40 hurs a week.
答案being
关键能力提升练
Ⅲ.七选五
主题语境:人与自我 语篇类型:说明文
The best way t set yurself up fr success is t make sure that yur gals are SMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant and timely.
Makeyurgalsspecific
Yu need t give yurself a cncrete gal s yu knw exactly what yu’re wrking tward. 1 Wh will be invlved in helping yu reach yur gal?What exact gal d yu want t accmplish?Be very specific.When will yu start and when will yu reach yur gal?
Makeyurgalsmeasurable
Nw that yu have sme f the specifics f yur gal nailed dwn,it’s time t lk at hw yu will measure yur prgress.After all,if yu dn’t have any way t measure yur gal,hw will yu knw when yu’ve reached it? 2 Sme examples f measurable gals might be punds lst,a psitive change in bld wrk numbers,r fitness minutes accumulated.
Makeyurgalsattainable
It’s gd t think big. 3 A gal that’s attainable fr yu is ne that yu believe yu can reach and have all the supprt,equipment,knwledge and resurces needed t put yur gals int actin.
Makeyurgalsrelevant
Yu need t make sure that yu’re chsing a gal that fits yu and yur lifestyle. 4 Pick smething that is meaningful and relevant t yu and yu’ll set yurself up fr success.
Makeyurgalstimely
5 Otherwise,it will be difficult t knw hw t pace yurself t reach it.Every gal shuld have a date,which will help yu stay n track.In additin,set up a few mini-deadlines t keep yu n track t reaching yur big-picture gal.
A.Put a deadline n yur gal.
B.Never put ff till tmrrw what yu can d tday.
C.Yu knw yur gal is specific if it answers these questins.
D.Therefre,yu shuld knw in advance hw yu will make this happen.
E.Hwever,it’s als imprtant that yu dn’t set a gal that is t big t reach.
F.Dn’t chse a gal just because smene else thinks it’s smething yu “shuld” d.
G.Yur gal is measurable if yu can find a way t quantify yur success using real numbers.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。如果人们要想取得成功,设立一个具体可行的目标很重要,本文给出了五条设立目标的建议。
1.C 根据下文的三个问句“Whwillbeinvlvedinhelpingyureachyurgal?Whatexactgaldyuwanttaccmplish?”“Whenwillyustartandwhenwillyureachyurgal?”可知,如果我们能够清楚地知道这三个问题的答案,那么我们的目标就是非常清晰的。C项“Yuknwyurgalisspecificifitanswersthesequestins.”符合上下文语境。
2.G 根据下文“Smeexamplesfmeasurablegalsmightbepundslst,apsitivechangeinbldwrknumbers,rfitnessminutesaccumulated.”可知,列举的事例恰好使用数字来测量我们所取得的进步。G项“Yurgalismeasurableifyucanfindawaytquantifyyursuccessusingrealnumbers.”与上下文语境相符。
3.E 本段的标题“Makeyurgalsattainable”意为“让你的目标可以实现”。空格前的意思是“志向远大很好”,空格后的意思是“一个你认为能实现的目标……”。分析选项可知,E项“然而,同样重要的是,你不要设定一个太大而无法达到的目标”和上文构成转折关系。
4.F 上文告诉我们要确保选择了一个适合自己的目标。F项“Dn’tchseagaljustbecausesmeneelsethinksit’ssmethingyu‘shuld’d.”符合上下文语境。
5.A 根据下文的“Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttknwhwtpaceyurselftreachit.”可知,我们要给自己的目标设立一个时间节点。A项“Putadeadlinenyurgal.”符合上下文语境。
Ⅳ.完形填空
主题语境:人与自我 语篇类型:记叙文
Have yu ever wrked n hlidays?I spent my last Christmas Day wrking the whle day!
Due t the nature f my jb,I had t g back t my 1 and spent my whle Christmas Day there.Of curse,it felt n gd!Surely yu will get 2 when almst all f yur friends are either resting at hme,watching TV,listening t music,r watching mvies in the cinema,and yu are the nly ne that is nt 3 .The feeling is really bad.And I really did nt feel like getting up and ging t wrk in the mrning.But I 4 went t wrk.I am a respnsible guy.Since the arrangement was like that,I accepted it.
Of curse,there is smething 5 abut wrking n Christmas Day and mst public hlidays.First f all,since I had n plan t g ut,r d any 6 activities n that day,I mst likely wuld 7 the day at hme playing cmputer games,s why nt g t wrk and 8 sme extra mney?It makes sense t me.Besides,it is a hliday fr 9 the whle wrld.It 10 mst f my cmpany’s ffices in ther 11 wuld prbably nt be wrking, 12 thse in China and Japan as Christmas is nt a hliday fr peple there.Less users,less prblems,meaning less 13 fr me t d.And the best part is,the ffice is mine!I can 14 my laptp t the ffice,watch mvies,play games,and at the same time,get my extra 15 !Well,what d yu think f wrking n hlidays then?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。圣诞节期间朋友们都在休闲娱乐,但作者却被安排去上班。本文描写了作者对此问题的想法和感受。
B.schl
C.fficeD.hme
答案C
解析根据第一段第二句可知,那个圣诞节作者一整天都在工作,故此处指作者不得不返回到办公室(ffice)。
B.excited
C.stupidD.strange
答案A
解析朋友们几乎都在享受假期时作者却不得不工作,这种情况是让作者感到伤心的(sad)。
B.emplyed
C.watchingD.included
答案D
解析根据上文可知,作者不得不工作,故他被排除(ntincluded)在了朋友们所参加的娱乐休闲活动之外。
B.always
C.evenD.still
答案D
解析根据后面的“Iamarespnsibleguy.”可知,虽然作者不情愿,但出于责任感,他还是(still)去工作了。
B.gd
C.differentD.fanny
答案B
解析略读下文可知,本段主要讲了在圣诞节工作的一些好的(gd)方面。
B.dangerus
C.uselessD.simple
答案A
解析根据前面的“”可知,此处指没有其他(ther)活动计划。本句中作者并没有对activities施加感情色彩。
B.value
C.spendD.affrd
答案C
解析本句中使用了spend...(in)dingsth结构,意为“花费……做某事”。
B.steal
C.saveD.make
答案D
解析结合常识可知,在节假日上班可以挣得额外收入。makemney“挣钱”,为习惯搭配。
B.hardly
C.nlyD.exactly
答案A
解析结合常识可知,圣诞节几乎(almst)是世界性的节日。
B.means
C.readsD.reminds
答案B
解析该空所在句与前一句紧密相连。圣诞节几乎是世界性的节日,这就意味着(means)作者公司的大多数国外分公司可能不上班。
B.cuntries
C.citiesD.villages
答案B
解析根据后面的“”可知,作者联想到的是自己所在公司在其他国家(cuntries)的分公司。
B.with
C.exceptD.beynd
答案C
解析根据后面的原因状语从句“”可知,在中国和日本的分公司是被排除(except)在有可能圣诞节不上班的公司之外的。
B.talk
C.hmewrkD.cleaning
答案A
解析既然用户少、问题少,作者此时上班需要做的工作(wrk)自然就少。
B.thrw
C.bringD.pull
答案C
解析后面的t暗示此处为bringsthtsp结构,意为“把某物带到某处”。
B.space
C.pleasureD.pay
答案D
解析联系上文可知,此处指得到额外的加班费用。extrapay与上文提到的extramney意思相同。
Ⅴ.语篇填空
主题语境:人与社会 语篇类型:说明文
Tied t skis(滑雪板) and pulled arund a 1.(freeze) lake by a thrughbred racehrse—skijö ring is a sprt like n ther.The hardy skiers travel at frightening speeds,using just their vice and a set f rules t guide the hrses arund the icy track.The 2.(usual) sprt is cnsidered the shwpiece event f the White Turf races—a wintery festival held at the up-market ski resrt f St.Mritz.
The sprt requires the ability t mix skiing talent 3. a high-level f hrsemanship.“During the race yu need a really strng vice,” tw-time race winner Valeria Hlinger tld CNN Sprt.“Only by shuting can yu make the hrse g 4. (fast) than thers.”
Cmpetitrs must wait until they’re 18 befre 5.(allw) t participate in the event.Even then,drivers—as they’re knwn—must pass fitness tests 6. hard thery exams—fr gd reasn,t.Nt nly 7. (be) they traveling at incredible speeds,there is als the added danger f 8.(full) grwn racehrses trampling (踩) n the skis.In additin,the speeding hves (马蹄) kick up huge amunts f snw and ice 9. crash int the legs f the skiers behind.
Such unique threats call fr unique 10. (prtect).Drivers are required t use face masks t keep the snw ut f their eyes and wear bdy armr under their ski suits.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了马拉滑雪板——一项将滑雪天赋与高水平的马术相结合的运动。
1.frzen 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词lake,故用其形容词形式。frzenlake意为“冰封的湖面”。故填frzen。
2.unusual 考查形容词。由前文“skijöringisasprtlikenther”(马拉雪橇是一种与众不同的运动)可知,此处应用unusual(不寻常的)修饰名词sprt,故填unusual。
3.with 考查介词。为固定词组,意为“把……与……结合”。
4.faster 考查比较级。由“than”可知,应用其比较级形式。
5.beingallwed/allwed 考查非谓语动词/省略句。befre既可作介词,也可作连词。befre为介词时,allw与主语构成被动关系,故使用其动词-ing形式的被动形式;befre作连词时,此处可看作befretheyareallwed省略了theyare的情况。故填beingallwed/allwed。
6.and 考查连词。分析句子可知,fitnesstests和hardtheryexams为并列结构作动词pass的宾语,故用并列连词连接。故填and。
7.are 考查时态和主谓一致。ntnly置于句首时要用部分倒装结构。谓语动词与主语they保持一致,由于本文主要用一般现在时客观介绍马拉滑雪板这项运动,故用一般现在时,填are。
8.fully 考查副词。设空处修饰形容词grwn,故用其副词形式。
9.which/that 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词snwandice,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词,故填which/that。
10.prtectin 考查名词。unique为形容词修饰名词,故用其名词形式。故填prtectin。