高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction课时训练

UNIT3CONSERVATION

SectionA　TOPICTALK&LESSON1

课后篇巩固提升

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.She tries every means to make people aware of the importance of the environment 　　　　　(保护). 

答案conservation

2.I said no to　　　　　 (塑料制的) or paper bags at stores. 

答案plastic

3.The prices of some i　　　　 in that shop have decreased by 60%. 

答案items

4.A suggestion has been put forward that we should r　　　　 the textbooks. 

答案recycle

5.We ought to ensure something that 　　　　　(使恢复) our lost energy and cheers us up. 

答案restores

6.He gathered a huge　　　　　 (大量的) of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. 

答案mass

7.She is popular with her students as her teaching methods are 　　　　　(不平常的). 

答案unusual

8.One winter day while he was h　　　　,he saw the tracks of animals in the snow. 

答案hunting

9.Another disadvantage of the Internet was that it was a　　　　 people’s private lives. 

答案affecting

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.The floods brought 　　　　　(destroy) to the area. 

答案destruction

2.The union 　　　　　(threat) that they would go on strike if their demands were not met. 

答案threatened

3.They were charged with bringing goods into the country 　　　　　(illegal). 

答案illegally

4.The 　　　　　(hunt)agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow. 

答案hunter(s)

5.Some experts appealed to people to rescue many species from 　　　　　(extinct). 

答案extinction

6.　　　　　 (urge)measures have been taken to prevent car emission. 

答案Urgent

7.A 　　　　　(vary) and ancient food culture should be famous worldwide. 

答案varied

8.The glass appears to reflect light 　　　　　(natural). 

答案naturally

9.We can’t afford to overlook such serious 　　　　　(pollute) to the environment. 

答案pollution

10.On the other hand,there are always some people who view this gap 　　　　　(negative). 

答案negatively

Ⅲ.短语填空

take action,die out,be at risk,do one’s part,have a role, in short, due to, up to, depend on, wipe out

1.In the past decade,the administration hasn’t 　　　　　　　in environmental conservation. 

答案done its part

2.What we can do now is 　　　　　　　to reduce pollution. 

答案take action

3.As a member of the international society,we 　　　　　　　to play. 

答案have a role

4.The old traditions are 　　　　　　　. 

答案dying out

5.Only in this way can we 　　　　　　　the enemy troops. 

答案wipe out

6.The drivers were more likely to break the speed limit and 　　　　　　　of getting fined. 

答案be at risk

7.All the flights were put off 　　　　　the bad weather. 

答案due to

8.The government will make accommodations for 　　　　　three thousand people. 

答案up to

9.Friendship means having someone I can 　　　　　. 

答案depend on

10.　　　　　,he was happy with that result. 

答案In short

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.去哪儿郊游由你决定。

It is up to you to decide　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　go for an outing. 

答案where we will

2.直到最近几年,在线课程才真正得到公众的认可。

It is only in the last few years that online courses　　　　　　　　　　the real public acceptance. 

答案have gained

3.李娜结束职业生涯的真正原因是她的伤痛。

The real　　　　　　　　　　Li Na to end her professional career is her painful injuries. 

答案reason for

4.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。

Everybody knows that he　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　this. 

答案is to blame for

5.2019年,大约有六万名美国大学生在学习中文,是2009年的三倍。

In 2019,about 60,000 American college students were studying Chinese,which is　　　　　　　　　　as many as in 2009. 

答案three times

6.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很多年。

One reason　　　　　 there are so many French words in English is 　　　　　the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 

答案why;that

7.没有你的帮助,我们就不能达到目标。

We 　　　　　achieve the goal 　　　　　your help. 

答案can’t;without

8.我们不是通过关联来找书,也就是说,我们不是通过其内容来查找。

We don’t find the book by association.　　　　　　　　　　, we don’t find the book by referring to its contents. 

答案That is

关键能力提升练

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020广西南宁高一下期末考试)

Swimming in the water of Hawaii’s Big Island is a fun experience.But it can be more exciting if there are dolphins swimming around and jumping out of the sea too.For many people,it would be a wonderful dream to swim with these lovely animals!However,this may not be good for dolphins.They may get hurt because of human interaction(互动).

Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night.In the day,they like to rest in shallow bays(浅湾).Many people think the dolphins are awake during the day as they swim.But when they sleep they rest half of their brain and keep the other half awake to breathe,so they may be sleeping even when they’re swimming in the water.

From 2010 to 2013,spinner dolphins(飞旋海豚) of Hawaii’s Big Island were exposed to human activities more than 82 percent of the time,according to Julian Tyne,a researcher at Australia’s Murdoch University.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says disturbing the animals in their near-shore habitat could force them to swim to less favourable places,putting them at risk of being attacked by sharks and other animals.

Besides,when people are around,dolphins become more active.Thus,they can’t get enough sleep.“Disturbing their resting behaviours can actually affect their long-term health and the health of the dolphin population,” Ann Garrett of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service told the Associated Press.

As a result,the NOAA wants to make rules to help protect the dolphins.For example,the agency(机构) may ban swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.Or they may stop people from swimming in shallow bays when the dolphins are resting.Tour operators must also be taught to watch for signs to know when the dolphins are in their resting state.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章谈到海豚的生活习性以及其与人类的相处,建议人们保护海豚。

1.Which of the following about dolphins is NOT true?

A.They spend most of their time sleeping at night.

B.They like to stay in shallow bays during the day.

C.They keep half of their brain awake while sleeping.

D.They may be sleeping even when they’re swimming.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Dolphinsareactiveandusuallylookforfoodatnight.”可知,海豚晚上大多数时间睡觉的描述错误,故选A项。

2.What would they do when dolphins are disturbed in their near-shore habitat?

A.Swim to a crowded place.

B.Move closer to sharks.

C.Become less active.

D.Likely sleep longer.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“disturbingtheanimalsintheirnear-shorehabitatcouldforcethemtoswimtolessfavourableplaces,puttingthematriskofattackbysharksandotheranimals.”可知,妨碍海豚在近岸栖息可能迫使它们游向不合适的地方,它们可能会遭受鲨鱼和其他动物的袭击,故选B项。

3.Which activity is against the rules?

A.Swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.

B.Swimming in bays where the dolphins live.

C.Making signs that show the dolphins’ resting state.

D.Making signs that show where the dolphins are.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“theagency(机构)maybanswimmingwiththeHawaiispinnerdolphins.”可知,与夏威夷飞旋海豚一起游泳是禁止的,故选A项。

4.What does the article mainly talk about?

A.What habits dolphins have.

B.What spinner dolphins are.

C.How the animals live in the sea.

D.How to protect dolphins near the shore.

答案D

解析主旨大意题。本文前面部分介绍了海豚,后文主要是号召人们保护海豚,以及如何保护的问题,故选D项。

B

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020全国卷Ⅱ)

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.

Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。

5.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

A.To promote guilt-free fur.

B.To expand the fashion market.

C.To introduce a new brand.

D.To celebrate a winter holiday.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选A项。

6.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

B.Nutria are an endangered species.

C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.

D.Nutria are illegally hunted.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当地的生态系统。故选A项。

7.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Boomed. B.Became mature.

C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.

答案D

解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是but前面出现的短语keepsthincheck“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选D项。

8.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky.

C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Morgan所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选B项。

Ⅵ.七选五

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020江苏如皋高一上期末考试)

Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea,malaria and pneumonia.This is according to the WHO.　1　 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation,limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals,and improving waste management. 

　2　 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature,or early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under the age of five.Most of these deaths take place in developing countries. 

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor,according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.　3　 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.“Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking,heating,and lighting at home.And,this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home,but the children who are around mothers are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease,asthma,heart disease,stroke and cancer later in life. 

Cleaning up how the world cooks,heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

　4　 The US Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions: 

· Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

·　5　 

· Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

· Wear high-grade,rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

· Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A.However,of all the environmental pollutants,air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B.But what can individuals do to limit our family’s exposure to air pollution?

C.Therefore,the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D.The organisation also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E.A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F.Everybody,she says,needs to breathe.

G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

答案与解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出环境污染是近年来导致幼童死亡率上升的主要原因之一。

1.D　上文提到,一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎,D项“Theorganisationalsosaysreducingenvironmentalriskscanpreventsuchdeaths.”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个结论,符合语境。

2.A　下文提到,世界卫生组织估计,空气污染每年造成约650万人早衰或早亡。A项“However,ofalltheenvironmentalpollutants,airpollutionisbeingcalledthemostdangerous.”表示,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。呼应下文中的airpollution“空气污染”,符合语境。

3.F　上文提到,世界卫生组织环境与卫生主管MariaNeira说,空气污染是贫富之间的一个平衡点。F项“Everybody,shesays,needstobreathe.”中的she呼应前文中的MariaNeira,符合语境。

4.B　根据下文的“TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhasthefollowingsuggestions”可知,这里说的是个人能做什么来保护环境。B项“Butwhatcanindividualsdotolimitourfamily’sexposuretoairpollution?”提到人们能做些什么来减少家里的空气污染,符合语境。

5.G　根据上下文可知,这里介绍的是个人保护环境的方法。G项“Equiphomeswithairfiltersandairconditioningunits.”符合语境。

Ⅶ.完形填空

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:记叙文

(2020山东卷)

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　1　.He learned the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age. 

When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　5　,the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　6　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 

　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　14　 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below. 

Molai 　15　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个小村庄里有一个男子几十年如一日地在村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的家园。

1.A.dream B.job

C.home D.choice

答案C

解析Molai在印度一个小村落长大,小村落位于湿地附近,于是这些湿地就成了他的第二个家(home)。第二段中“...happeningaroundhishome”也是个提示。home“家;故乡”;dream“梦想”;job“工作”;choice“选择”。故选C项。

2.A.nature B.youth

C.culture D.knowledge

答案A

解析他从很小就懂得自然(nature)的价值和美感。nature“自然”;youth“青春”;culture“文化”;knowledge“知识”。

3.A.precious B.interesting

C.disturbing D.awkward

答案C

解析16岁时,Molai开始意识到他家周围发生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。disturbing“令人不安的”;precious“珍贵的”;interesting“有趣的”;awkward“尴尬的”。

4.A.waste B.tension

C.pain D.damage

答案D

解析那年年初,一场洪水突袭了这一区域,洪水带来的危害(damage)驱赶了大量的鸟类。causeadamage“带来危害”。damage“危害”;waste“垃圾”;tension“紧张”;pain“疼痛”。

5.A.Besides B.However

C.Therefore D.Otherwise

答案A

解析此外(Besides),蛇类数量也减少了。此处besides表递进关系。

6.A.agreed B.realized

C.remembered D.predicted

答案B

解析他意识到(realized)这是由于缺乏足够的植被来保护它们。realize“意识到”;agree“同意”;remember“记得”;predict“预测”。

7.A.noise B.heat

C.disease D.dust

答案B

解析没有植被的保护,热浪(heat)袭来,蛇类减少。heat“热”;noise“噪音”;disease“疾病”;dust“尘土”。

8.A.directions B.partners

C.help D.shelter

答案D

解析解决的办法当然是植树来让动物们白天找到遮蔽(shelter)的地方。shelter“庇护,遮蔽”;direction“方向”;partner“同伴”;help“帮助”。

9.A.labour B.police

C.forest D.finance

答案C

解析树木属于森林部门管理,所以他到森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,然而被告知那里什么也不长。

10.A.rebuilt B.discovered

C.left D.managed

答案B

解析Molai只能依靠自己,他发现了(discovered)附近的一个海岛,于是开始在海岛植树。discover“发现”;rebuild“重建”;leave“离开”;manage“想方设法做到”。

11.A.Decorating B.Observing

C.Watering D.Guarding

答案C

解析干旱季节给小树浇水(watering)对于一个男孩来说的确很艰难(tough)。

12.A.tough B.illegal

C.fantastic D.beneficial

答案A

解析tough“艰难的”;illegal“不合法的”;fantastic“难以置信的”;beneficial“有益的”。

13.A.back B.top

C.foot D.side

答案B

解析他在每棵小树顶端(top)搭建了一个竹台。

14.A.cool down B.keep off

C.purify D.collect

答案D

解析竹台上放置了带着小洞的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。collect“收集”;cooldown“冷却”;keepoff“不接近”;purify“(使)净化”。

15.A.returned B.learned

C.failed D.continued

答案D

解析此后的37年间,Molai一直继续植树。continue“继续”;return“回到”;learn“学习”;fail“失败,没有能够”。