高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists学案

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

第一组

(　　)1.severe A．n.感染；传染

(　　)2.contradictory   B．adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的

(　　)3.infection    C．adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的

(　　)4.multiple    D．n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子

 的人

(　　)5.household    E．adj.数量多的；多种多样的

(　　)6.intervention    F．adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；

 原始的

(　　)7.raw    G．adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的

(　　)8.substantial    H．n.介入；出面；干涉

(　　)9.statistic    I．n.显微镜

(　　)10.microscope    J．n. [pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学

[答案]　1－5　BCAED　6－10　HFGJI

第二组

(　　)1.thinking　　 A．n.蛋白质

(　　)2.protein    B．n.a kind of germ that can cause

 infectious disease

(　　)3.cell   C．n. the process of considering; ideas

 or opinions

(　　)4.virus   D．adj. existing or occurring at the

 beginning

(　　)5.initial   E．n. the smallest unit of living

 matter; a small room

(　　)6.framework   F．n.彩虹

(　　)7.rainbow   G．n.框架；结构

(　　)8.concrete   H．n.领导；领导地位；领导才能

(　　)9.mechanic   I．n.机械师；机械修理工

(　　)10.leadership   J．n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实

 的；具体的

[答案]　1－5　CAEBD　6－10　GFJIH

B．短语匹配

(　　)1.once and for all　 A．同意；赞同

(　　)2.subscribe to    B．幸亏；由于

(　　)3.thanks to    C．水泵

(　　)4.water pump    D．最终地；彻底地

(　　)5.theoretical framework  

 E．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突

 然开始；爆发

(　　)6.break out    F．理论框架

(　　)7.in charge of    G．患(病)；染上(小病)

(　　)8.come down    H．最重要的是；尤其是

(　　)9.above all    I．主管；掌管

[答案]　1－5　DABCF　6－9　EIGH

Ⅱ.默写单词

第一组

1．subscribe vi.　　  认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

2．proof n.    证据；证明；检验

3．suspect vt.& vi.    怀疑；疑有；不信任

n.    犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

4．blame vt.   把……归咎于；责怪；指责

         n.   责备；指责

5．handle n.    把手；拉手；柄

         vt.          处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)

6．link n.    联系；纽带

      vt.   把……连接起来；相关联

7．decrease n.   减少；降低；减少量

          vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低

8．transform vt.   使改观；使改变形态

           vi.   改变；转变

9．finding n.   发现；调查结果；(法律)判决

10．solid adj.   可靠的；固体的；坚实的

          n.   固体

第二组

1．cast vt.   投射；向……投以(视线、笑容

 等)；投掷

2．shadow n.   阴影；影子；背光处

3．pour vt.   倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)

4．defend vt.   保卫；防守；辩解

5．assistant n.   助理；助手

6．outstanding adj.   优秀的；杰出的；明显的

7．gifted adj.   有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的

8．brilliant adj.   聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的

9．fault n.   弱点；过错

10．shift n.   改变；转换；轮班

   vi.& vt.    转移；挪动；转向

Ⅰ.语境填空

suspect；blame；subscribed；decreased；link；handle；poured；transform；outstanding；defend

1．I subscribed to a morning paper.

2．We all suspect the truth of the report.

3．My brother broke the window，but I got the blame．

4．Do you know how to handle the machine?

5．Is there a link between lung disease and smoking?

6．The unemployment rate of the country decreased last year.

7．A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.

8．Andy poured the glass full and lifted it to Bobby.

9．The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.

10．Her husband was an outstanding scientist.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．If the primary infection (infect) is not treated，further outbreaks may occur.

2．We would resist any armed intervention (intervene) from outside in our country's affairs.

3．An accident was avoided by his quick thinking (think)．

4．The findings (find) of the commission have not yet been made public.

5．The mechanic (machine) was busy repairing the machine.

6．I'll ask my personal assistant (assist) to deal with this.

7．He was praised for his firm leadership (leader)．

8．Their helpers are gifted (gift) with amazing powers of patience.

9．He did something contradictory (contradict) to his orders.

10．The blood on his shoes was a proof (prove) of his guilt.

1．This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.

这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。

2．As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.

作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。

3．In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.

一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。

4．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.

斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。

5．Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.

通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。

词语助读

①used to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做

②one of the most feared diseases最可怕的疾病之一

③cause severe diarrhoea导致严重的腹泻

④an outbreak of cholera爆发霍乱

⑤millions of people数百万人

⑥die from死于

⑦become frustrated变得沮丧

⑧in time最后

⑨attend to照料；照顾

⑩give birth生孩子

⑪once and for all最终地；彻底地

⑫in general一般而言

⑬two contradictory theories两种相互矛盾的理论

⑭an infection from germs细菌感染

⑮subscribe to同意；赞同

⑯need proof需要证据

⑰begin to investigate开始调查

⑱more than 500 people 500多人

⑲be determined to do sth.决心做某事

⑳find out why找出原因

mark on a map在地图上标出

multiple deaths多人死亡

house numbers门牌号

some households一些家庭

such as例如

free beer免费的啤酒

suspect vt.怀疑

be to blame对某事应负责任

what is more而且，此外

die of死于

move away搬走

have sth.done使某事被做

as a result of由于

accordingly adv.因此

the handle of the pump水泵的把手

through this intervention通过这种干预

in one's tracks立即

moreover adv.再者，此外，而且

a link between...and...……与……之间的联系

water company供水公司

raw waste未经处理的废物

be likely to do sth.很可能做某事

get cholera得霍乱

boiled water白开水

tireless efforts不懈努力

around the world全世界

a substantial decrease大幅减少

prevent cholera预防霍乱

thanks to幸亏；由于

statistic n．统计数字

transform vt.改变

for this reason由于这个原因

modern epidemiology现代流行病学

原文呈现

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

Cholera used to① be one of the most feared diseases② in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome(1)．This illness causes severe diarrhoea③，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera④ hit Europe(2)，millions of people⑤ died from⑥ the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(3)．In time⑧，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑨ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑩(4)．However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑪.

(1)until引导时间状语从句，其中how...be overcome为宾语从句。

(2)when引导时间状语从句。

(3)because引导原因状语从句。

(4)when引导时间状语从句。

In general⑫，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories⑬ to explain how cholera spread(5)．One theory was that bad air caused the disease(6)．Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs⑭ in food or water(7)．Snow subscribed to⑮ the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof⑯.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854(8)，Snow began to investigate⑰.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people⑱ died in ten days(9)．He was determined to⑲ find out why⑳.

(5)不定式短语作名词theories的后置定语，其中how cholera spread为宾语从句。

(6)that引导表语从句。

(7)that引导表语从句。

(8)when引导时间状语从句。

(9)第一个that引导宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。

Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived(10)．There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40)．However，some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump(11)．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame(12)．What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day(13)．As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs(14)．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used(15)．Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.

(10)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，其中who died也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those。

(11)and so因而，连接两个并列谓语。

(12)that引导宾语从句。

(13)固定句式It seemed that...似乎……，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。

(14) that引导宾语从句。

(15)so that...引导目的状语从句。

The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste(16)．Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste(17)．The people who drank this water were much more likely toa get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water(18)．

(16)that引导表语从句。

(17)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。

(18)who引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为people；第二个定语从句的先行词为those。

Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease(19)．However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it(20)．Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera(21)，thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases(22)．For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology (23)．

(19)and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。

(20)and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。

(21)“疑问词＋不定式短语”作宾语。

(22)省略关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。

(23)名词短语作主语补足语。

译文参考

约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子的时候照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。

一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。

斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号16号、37号、38号和40号)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到家。根据这些证据，约翰·斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。

事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。

在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。