英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists学案

这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists学案，共10页。


1．cntradict vt.与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→cntradictry adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
2．infect vt.使感染；传染→infectin n．感染；传染
3．prve vt. 证明；检验→prf n．证据；证明；检验
4．intervene vi.干涉；干预→interventin n．介入；出面；干涉
1．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 adj.可疑的；不可信的
①I suspect (that) yu nce thught therwise.vt.怀疑
②Tw suspects are nw being interrgated in cnnectin with the killing.n.犯罪嫌疑人
③His reasn fr being absent is suspect.adj.可疑的
2．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
①He bears the blame f his brther.n.责备；指责
②Yu can hardly blame Peter fr being angry with her.
vt.责怪；指责
③Whenever smething ges wrng，everyne blames it n me.
vt.把……归咎于
3．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
①Yu have t turn the handle and then pull it twards yu.
n.把手；拉手
②A label n the crate read：“Handle with care”．vt.处理；搬动
③Garden tls can be dangerus if carelessly handled.
vt.操纵；使用
4．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
①The rad links all the new twns.vt.把……连接起来
②Scientists have established pssible links between cancer and diet.n.联系
③The tw cuntries have successfully slved the bundary issue，which nw has becme a link f friendship between the tw peples.
n.纽带
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
①The ppulatin began t decrease.vi.减少；减小；降低
②They decreased the size f the grup frm 25 t 15.
vt.减少；减小；降低
③There has been sme decrease in imprts.n.减少；降低
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) nce and fr all最终地；彻底地
(教材P2) Hwever，he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
[例1] He will explain it fully nce and fr all.
他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。
[例2] The teacher has warned the student nce and fr all.
那位老师已断然警告那名学生了。
[知识拓展]
all at nce 突然；同时
at nce 立刻，马上
nce and again 一而再，再三
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We have t reslve this matter nce and fr all.
②All at nce there was smene kncking n the dr.
③He was punished nce and again fr telling lies.
④I'm warning yu nce and fr all，if yu dn't stp disturbing me，yu'll be regretful.
我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(教材P2) Snw subscribed t the secnd thery.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
[例1] He subscribed fr 1，000 shares.
他认购了一千股。
[例2] I subscribed t that magazine.It is put ut every week.
我订阅了那本杂志。它是周刊。
[知识拓展]
subscribe t 同意；赞成；订阅……
把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In rder t imprve his daughter's English，he subscribed t English Weekly.
②He subscribed his name t the cntract.
③If yu subscribe t the newspaper，it'll be delivered t yur dr.
如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。
④I heartily subscribe t that view．
我十分赞同那个观点。
[小片段填空]
We applied fr ① subscribing t sme magazines useful fr ur wrk.The department manager ②subscribed t it and ③subscribed his name t the applicatin frm.
我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (教材P2) Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame．
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
(1)suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
[例1] I suspect him t knw everything abut that.
我猜想那件事他全都知道了。
[例2] She had n reasn t suspect that Sylvia had nt tld the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
[知识拓展]
suspect sb. f (ding) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb. t be... 怀疑某人是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I suspect him t be(be) a pickpcket.
②I suspected the girl f lying (lie) t us.
③The plice suspect him f having stlen the mney．
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
[小片段填空]
①The first suspect was the victim's sn.The plice ②suspected him f murdering his father，because the neighbrs reprted having heard them fighting n the night f the killing.
第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。
(2)blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
[例1] They placed the blame n the dctr.
他们把责任归咎于医生。
[例2] He tried t escape blame fr what he had dne.
他试图不为自己的行为负责。
[知识拓展]
(1)be t blame (fr sth.)(对某事)负有责任，(因某事)应受责备
blame sb. fr sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. n sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame fr sth. n sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take the blame fr sth. 承担某事的责任
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①If that happens，the cach will take the blame fr it.
②Yu are nt t blame (blame)．I can't put the blame n yu.
③Yu shuldn't blame Jhn fr the failure.
＝Yu shuldn't blame the failure n Jhn.
你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(教材P3) Mrever，Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn.
此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
[例1] The tw cmpanies have linked.
这两家公司已联合了。
[例2] The new bridge will link the island t the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
[知识拓展]
(1) 将……和……联系/连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with... 与……联合；使与……衔接
(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The new tunnel links Britain t/with France.
②The tw spacecraft will link up with each ther in rbit.
③The cuntry is linked (link) t the twn by a new bridge.
④The new cmpany linked up with several lder nes in self­prtectin.
那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(教材P3) Thrugh Snw's tireless effrts，water cmpanies began t sell clean water，and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.
在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
[例1] The decrease in sales was almst 20 percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
[例2] His interest in this subject gradually decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣在逐渐减退。
[知识拓展]
(1)n the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
(2)decrease t... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease 从……减少到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is a decrease f nearly 7% in the number f visitrs t the museum.
②The accidents have decreased by 20% since the measure was taken.
③Because f human activities，the number f sme rare animals is n the decrease.
④There has been a sharp decrease in pllutin since the law was intrduced.
自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。
[名师点津]
decrease的反义词increase的用法
increase t 增加(长)到……
increase by 增加(长)了……
n the increase 在增加
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) thanks t 幸亏；由于
(教材P3) Frtunately，we nw knw hw t prevent chlera，thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw.
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
[例1] Thanks t his research，the UN has mre tls in the battle t rid the wrld f hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
[例2] Thanks t his effrt，it is mre successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。
[知识拓展]
because f 因为；由于
as a result f 作为……的结果；由于
due t 因为；由于
wing t 由于；因为……的缘故
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As a result f the bad weather，the ftball match was put ff.
②The accident was due t his careless driving.
③Owing t yur timely help，we finished the wrk ahead f time.
④Thanks t yur help，we were successful.
多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
(教材P3) Mrever，in his use f maps and statistics，Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.
此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
[例1] He seems t have been miraculusly transfrmed int a first­class player.
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
[例2] Things cannt be transfrmed vernight.
事情不可能在一夜之间改变。
[知识拓展]
(1)transfrm A int B 把A变成B
transfrm sth. frm A t B 使某物从A变成B
(2)transfrmatin n. 改变；改革
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We must wrk hard s as t transfrm China int an advanced industrial cuntry.
②A cmplete change f climate transfrmed the area frm farmland t desert.
③We are living in a time f scial transfrmatin (transfrm)．
④A steam engine transfrms heat int pwer．
蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
(教材P2) As a yung dctr，Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera．
作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：句中hw t prevent r treat chlera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
[例1] N ne knew hw t treat this dreaded disease.
没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
[例2] I dn't quite knw what t say in answer t yur questin.
我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词wh，what，which等和疑问副词hw，when，where等。
(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
(3)通常用在tell，shw，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
[即学即练] 句型转换
①The teacher taught the students hw they shuld d the experiment.
→The teacher taught the students hw t d the experiment．
②The prblem is where t put this cmputer.
→The prblem is where we shuld put this cmputer．
③I have n idea what I can say abut this.
→I have n idea what t say abut this．
④When we will start has nt been decided.
→When t start has nt been decided.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 引导结果状语从句
(教材P2) He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.
他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
句式分析：句中意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例1] He was s flish that he accepted her invitatin.
他接受了她的邀请真是太傻了。
[例2] They walked s fast that I culd nt keep up with them.
他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。
[知识拓展]
(1)seq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(＋adj.或adv.,＋adj.＋a（n）＋单数可数名词,＋many/few＋复数可数名词,＋much/little（少的）＋不可数名词))＋that...
(2)sucheq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a（n）＋adj.＋单数可数名词,adj.＋不可数名词,adj.＋复数名词))＋that...
[即学即练] 完成句子/句型转换
①It is s gd a film that I'd like t see it a secnd time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
②She wrks s hard that we all respect her.
她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。
③She is s lvely a girl that we all like her.
→She is such a lvely girl that we all like her.
④It is such a heavy bx that I can't lift it.
→It is s heavy a bx that I can't lift it.
[名师点津]
(1)little表示“少”时用s修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There was s little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They are such little children that they can't understand it.
他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
(2)在“”和“”结构中，当“s/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。
S ht a day was it that they all went swimming.
＝Such a ht day was it that they all went swimming.
天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
1．Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld，until a British dctr，Jhn Snw，shwed hw it culd be vercme.
[分析] 本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中hw it culd be vercme为hw引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
2．He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days.
[分析] 本句为复合句，动词discvered 后是that引导的宾语从句，其中引导结果状语从句。
[译文] 他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Ade and Brks exchanged blws yesterday and they were severely (severe) punished tday.
2．Many cmpanies have subscribed (subscribe) generusly t the ftball club s far.
3．Only a third f these husehlds (husehld) thught it reasnable t meter water.
4．I think he suspected us f sme imprper purpses.
5．This infrmatin cnfirms me in the belief that he is t blame (blame)．
6．There are thirty micrscpes (micrscpe) in ur chemical labratry.
7．They have gathered the best statistics (statistic) they can find and run them thrugh their wn cmputers.
8．The news is s imprtant that I must tell it t my friends.
9．A cheap table can be transfrmed (transfrm) by an interesting cver.
10．Yu shuld knw when t stp (stp) asking questins.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take the blame fr；thanks t；nce and fr all；n the decrease；subscribe t；link up
1．Thanks t the spread f mdern technlgy，trained wrkers are nw mre vital than ever.
2．The demand fr tea is n the decrease each year.
3．The tw families linked up thrugh the marriage f their daughter and sn.
4．It is nt a thery that is cmmnly subscribed t．
5．Let's get this prblem right nce and fr all．
6．The cmpany was ready t take the blame fr what had happened.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In the early 19th century, 1.when a severe chlera hit Eurpe，Jhn Snw became 2.frustrated(frustrate) because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. 3. But he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all. Snw subscribed t the thery that chlera 4.was caused(cause) by an 5.infectin(infect) frm germs in fd r water. Snw began by 6.marking(mark) n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. As 7.a result，Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the water frm the pump 8.carried(carry) chlera germs. 9.Accrdingly(accrding)，he had the handle f the pump 10.remved(remve) s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin，the disease was stpped in its tracks.
教材
高考
1.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40)．
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat­sized animals multiplied like crazy.
2.Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)If yu d, yu wn't be able t handle it and the whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyne's day.
3.Mrever，Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn.
(2019·天津卷)Fd webs may be dminated by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.
4.Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw.
(2020·天津卷)Thanks t the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents.
5.Mrever，in his use f maps and statistics，Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre，74 percent，accrding t statistics frm the reprt.