选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions导学案

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这是一份选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions导学案，共12页。

Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．________ n. 部长；大臣；外交使节
2．________ n. 蛙；青蛙
3．________ n. 箭；箭头
4．________ n. 适合度假的地方
5．________ n. 领域；领土；范围
6．________ vt. 倡议；赞助；主办
n. (法案等的)倡议者；赞助者
7．________ n. 自由
8．________ n. 高尔夫球运动
9．________ n. 海峡
10．________ n. 样本；样品
11．________ n. 纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹
12．________ vi. & n．(过去式________，过去分词________)潜水；跳水；俯冲
13．________ n．自由；不受……影响的状态→________ adj.自由的；无约束的 vt.使自由；释放
14．________ vt. 给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利
15．________ 高峰季节
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．freedm n．自由；不受……影响的状态
free adj. 免费的；自由的；不受限制的
vt. 解放；解救；使摆脱
adv. 免费地
frm/f 使……免受(影响；伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
be free f 不含……的；没有……的；不受……伤害/影响的
free f charge/fr free 免费
释放/放走……
解放；使摆脱
❶After 10 years in prisn, he was given his freedm.
他入狱10年以后又得到了自由。
❷We shuld keep urselves free frm drugs.
我们应该远离毒品。
❸It was several weeks befre he was cmpletely free f pain.
过了几个星期他的疼痛才完全消除。
❹Set yur imaginatin free when yu think abut the future.
展望未来时要尽情想象。
❺The department stre delivers gds free f charge.
这家百货商店免费送货。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Yung parents are advised t chse natural fd that is free ________ chemicals fr their children t make sure ________ their health.
②My suggestin is ________ free.
③It's a pity that we can't arrange fr ur agenda; therwise we wuld enjy mre ________ (free) during the whle jurney.
④今年我们要设法让花园不长杂草。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
⑤放松练习可以使你的身体免于紧张。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
[特别提示] be free f作“不受……伤害/影响的”时，相当于be free frm。
2．spnsr vt.倡议；赞助；主办；资助；促成；举办 n．(法案等的)倡议者；赞助者
❶The race rganisers are trying t attract spnsrs.
比赛的组织者在想方设法吸引赞助者。
❷She fund a cmpany t spnsr her thrugh cllege.
她找到了一家公司资助她读完大学。
❸The gvernment spnsred an activity t raise mney fr hmeless children.
政府举办了一项活动来为无家可归的孩子们筹钱。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The exhibitin ________ (spnsr) by his father was a great success.
②The activity ________ (spnsr) by the yung man, ________ father wuld spnsr him t carry it ut.
③My aunt is ________ spnsr wh ________ (spnsr) an activity t dnate mney t peple in need when the earthquake happened.
[语境串记] The spnsr spnsred an activity t spnsr the pr students.
那位赞助者主办了一场活动来赞助那些贫困生。
Discver Useful Structures
Grammar——复习过去分词
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．The develped cuntries are suppsed t make mre effrts t prtect ur envirnment.
2．The Chinese peple tend t drink biled water.
3．Bred at hme, he decided t g t the mvies.
4．The bred man went t sleep during the speech.
5．Left alne with nwhere t g, I stayed at the cafe fr 2 hurs.
6．His heart brken, he never married again.
7．I heard the sng sung in English.
8．Seen frm the tp f the hill, the city lks mre beautiful.
9．The library is nw clsed.
10．The city is surrunded n three sides by muntains.
11．English is a widely used language.
12．We must adapt ur thinking t the changed cnditins.
13．He had his hair cut last week.
[共性呈现]
1．所有画线部分均为过去分词
2．过去分词可在句中作定语：句1、2、4、11、12
3．过去分词可在句中作状语：句3、5、6、8
4．过去分词可在句中作表语：句9、10
5．过去分词可在句中作宾补：句7、13
[语法精释]
1．过去分词(短语)作定语
(1)单个的过去分词放在被修饰的词前面，作前置定语，与被修饰词之间通常是逻辑上的被动关系，也可以表示动作已经完成。
❶cked fd熟食
❷yur spken English你的英语口语
但是有的过去分词形式作定语时既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lst(迷路的；丢失的)，retired(退休的)等。
❸the lst child丢失的孩子
❹the retired peple退休的人们
(2)过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
❺The man named Tm (＝wh is named Tm) is my uncle.
名叫汤姆的那个人是我的叔叔。
❻The tpic discussed just nw (＝which was discussed just nw) is very puzzling.刚刚讨论的这个话题很令人费解。
❼The girl dressed in red (＝wh is dressed in red) is my daughter.
穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。(表状态)
[特别注意] 非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系时，用被动形式。下面我们来看一下过去分词(dne)、现在分词的被动式(being dne)、不定式的被动式(t be dne)之间的区别。
dne表示被动、完成
being dne表示正在进行的被动
t be dne表示将来的被动
❽The bridge built last year is imprtant.
去年建的那座桥很重要。
❾The bridge being built nw is imprtant.
正在建造的那座桥很重要。
eq \(○,\s\up1(10))The bridge t be built next year is imprtant.
明年要建造的那座桥很重要。
2．过去分词作表语
(1)过去分词作表语时，要放在系动词如be，appear，feel，remain, seem, lk, stay, keep, turn, get等之后，构成系表结构。
eq \(○,\s\up1(11))The glass is brken.杯子碎了。
eq \(○,\s\up1(12))I was pleased with the news.这个消息使我很高兴。
(2)有些过去分词表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受，作用相当于形容词。常见的词有：interested，inspired，pleased，disturbed，satisfied, cnfused, astnished, bred, amused, cnvinced等。
eq \(○,\s\up1(13))I was cnfused abut the cnfusing murder.
我对这个令人费解的凶杀案感到困惑。
eq \(○,\s\up1(14))The bss wasn't astnished at the astnishing news at all.
老板对这个令人惊讶的消息一点也不吃惊。
[特别注意] interesting, pleasing, bring这类词表示“令人……的”，而interested，pleased, bred这类词表示“感到……的”。
3．过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)动词的宾语补足语与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
eq \(○,\s\up1(15))Mr. Smith had his huse brken int while he was away n hliday.史密斯先生在外度假时，有人闯入了他家。
eq \(○,\s\up1(16))He had his bicycle repaired yesterday.
昨天他找人修理了他的自行车。
eq \(○,\s\up1(17))A liar can't make himself believed.
骗子不能使别人相信自己。
eq \(○,\s\up1(18))When he fund the dr lcked, he went hme.
当他发现门被锁上时，他就回家了。
(2)介词的宾语补足语与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
eq \(○,\s\up1(19))She lay n the sfa, with her bdy cvered by a cat.
她躺在沙发上，身上盖着一件外套。
eq \(○,\s\up1(20))He std there with his eyes fixed n the picture.
他站在那里，眼睛盯着那幅图画。
4．过去分词(短语)作状语
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语的含义和基本用法
过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语和伴随状语等。作状语的过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，相当于一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。
①过去分词(短语)作时间状语
eq \(○,\s\up1(21))Seen frm the hill, the park lks very beautiful.＝When it is seen frm the hill, the park lks very beautiful.从山上看，公园看起来很漂亮。
②过去分词(短语)作原因状语
eq \(○,\s\up1(22))Greatly tuched by his teachers' wrds, the by did a lt f things t help his classmates.＝Because the by was greatly tuched by his teachers' wrds, he did a lt f things t help his classmates.这个小男孩被老师们的话深深地打动了，所以他做了很多事情来帮助他的同学们。
③过去分词(短语)作条件状语
eq \(○,\s\up1(23))Given mre time, we culd d it much better.＝If we were given mre time, we culd d it much better.如果有更多的时间，我们可以做得更好。
④过去分词(短语)作让步状语
eq \(○,\s\up1(24))Warned f the strm, the farmers were still wrking in the fields.＝Thugh they had been warned f the strm, the farmers were still wrking in the fields.虽然农民们已被提醒暴风雨将要来临，但他们仍然在地里干活儿。
⑤过去分词(短语)作伴随状语
eq \(○,\s\up1(25))The teacher entered the classrm, fllwed by a grup f students.＝The teacher entered the classrm, and he was fllwed by a grup f students.老师走进教室，一群学生跟着他。
[特别注意] 有些过去分词(短语)源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表示主语的状态。如：be lst in(全神贯注，沉浸于)；be trapped in(陷入)；be buried in(埋头于，专心于)；be absrbed in(全神贯注于，专心于)；be interested in(对……感兴趣)；be dressed in(穿着)；be determined t(决心)；be devted t(致力于)；be addicted t(沉溺于)；be seated(坐好；落座)；be faced with(面对)等。
eq \(○,\s\up1(26))Addicted t cmputer games, he lst interest in study.
沉溺于网络游戏，他对学习失去了兴趣。
eq \(○,\s\up1(27))Faced with s much truble, we failed t cmplete the task n time.面临如此多的困难，我们没能按时完成任务。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语和现在分词(短语)作状语的区别分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语保持一致。过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词和主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词(短语)作状语时，分词和主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。
eq \(○,\s\up1(28))Seeing frm the hill, yu will find the city lks like a big garden.
从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像个大花园。(yu和see之间是逻辑上的主动关系)
eq \(○,\s\up1(29))Seen frm the hill, the city lks like a big garden.
从山上看，这座城市看起来像个大花园。(the city和see之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
[特别注意] 过去分词、现在分词的被动式、现在分词的完成被动式的区别：过去分词dne表示被动和完成的动作；现在分词的被动式being dne表示正在被进行的动作；现在分词的完成被动式having been dne表示动作是被动且在主句动作之前完成。
eq \(○,\s\up1(30))Bitten by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back t the camp.
因为在灌木丛中被蛇咬了，苏珊被送回了营地。
eq \(○,\s\up1(31))Being taught by the tw gentlemen, Eliza made great prgress.
被两位绅士教导着，伊丽莎取得了很大的进步。
eq \(○,\s\up1(32))Having been awarded s many prizes in literature, Gerge felt that his years f effrts were wrth it.在被授予很多文学奖项之后，乔治感到他多年的努力是值得的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1．①I need a new passprt s I had my phtgraph ________ (take) yesterday.
②Anxius all the time, I was unable t keep ________ (fcus) fr mre than an hur at a time.
③His blackandwhite pictures present a wrld ________ (lse) in time.
④Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.
⑤Prices f daily gds ________ (buy) nline can be lwer than stre prices.
⑥________ (rder) a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive at any time nw.
⑦________ (give) mre attentin, he culd have gained mre achievements.
⑧________ (fund) in 1636, Harvard University is ne f the mst famus universities in the United States.
⑨Once ________ (bradcast), the TV play will be very ppular with yung peple.
⑩________ (absrb) in watching the film, Jack didn't ntice me entering his rm.
2．①A ________ (lse) pprtunity never returns.
②This is the questin ________ (give)．
③What's the language ________ (speak) in Germany?
④Mst f the peple ________ (invite) t the party were famus scientists.
⑤It's time t get my clck ________ (repair)．
⑥He was trying t make himself ________ (understand)．
⑦I ften hear the sng ________ (sing) in English.
⑧________ (walk) alne n her way hme, she lked backwards cnstantly as if fllwed by smene.
⑨The American President went int the rm, ________ (accmpany) by the fficials and reprters.
⑩________ (blame) fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk, Alice was in lw spirits.
3．①The prblem ________ (discuss) next week is f great imprtance.
②The building ________ (build) nw is ur future classrm.
③The prblem ________ (discuss) just nw is f great imprtance.
④The children are just beginning t get ________ (excite) abut using wrds and frming sentences.
⑤We are ________ (amaze) at his rapid recvery.
⑥________ (dress) in red skirt, she lks charming.
⑦________ (bite) several times by the dg, the pstman never delivered a letter t us.
⑧Thugh ________ (lack) mney, his parents still managed t send him t university.
⑨________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in America, Linda appears mre mature than thse f her age.
⑩________ (questin) by the plice, the by gt very nervus.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．I was ________ (surprise) t find my hmetwn changed s much.
2．The ld cuple bught sme ________ (paint) chairs.
3．T learn English well, we shuld find pprtunities t hear English ________ (speak) as much as we can.
4．T her surprise, she heard smene ________ (call) her in the strange city.
5．We must have the wrk ________ (finish) by Tuesday.
6．China is a ________ cuntry while America is a ________ cuntry. (develp)
7．________ (lse) in thught, he almst fell int the water.
8．Prperly ________ (mark) with numbers, the bks can be easily fund.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．The manager had smene repair the machine yesterday.
→The manager ________________ yesterday.(过去分词作宾语补足语)
2．The stry was written by a middle schl student, and it is ppular in schls.
→The stry ________________ is ppular in schls. (过去分词作定语)
3．The murderer was brught in, and his hands were tied behind his back.
→The murderer was brught in ________________ behind his back. (with复合结构)
4．The girl shws an interest in playing the pian.
→The girl ________________ playing the pian.(过去分词作表语)
5．What he said at my birthday party disappinted me.
→I ________________ what he said at my birthday party.(过去分词作表语)
Sectin Ⅱ Learning Abut Language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．minister 2.frg 3.arrw 4.getaway 5.dmain 6.spnsr 7.liberty 8.glf 9.strait 10.sample 11.mnument 12.dive dived/dve dived 13.freedm free 14.entitle 15.peak seasn
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．①f/frm；f ②fr ③freedm ④We will try/take measures t keep the garden free f/frm weeds this year. ⑤Relaxatin exercises can keep yur bdy free f/frm tensin.
2．①spnsred ②was spnsred；whse ③the/a；spnsred
Discver Useful Structures
Grammar——复习过去分词
语法精讲·难点透析
1．①taken ②fcused ③lst ④spent ⑤bught ⑥Ordered ⑦Given ⑧Funded ⑨bradcast ⑩Absrbed
2．①lst ②given ③spken ④invited ⑤repaired ⑥understd ⑦sung ⑧Walking ⑨accmpanied ⑩Blamed
3．①t be discussed ②being built ③discussed ④excited ⑤amazed ⑥Dressed ⑦Having been bitten ⑧lacking ⑨Having spent ⑩Questined/Being questined
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．surprised 2.painted 3.spken 4.calling 5.finished 6.develping；develped 7.Lst 8.marked
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．had the machine repaired 2.written by a middle schl student 3.with his hands tied 4.is interested in 5.felt disappinted at