高三英语下学期模拟卷4含解析

这是一份高三英语下学期模拟卷4含解析，共20页。

（全国卷）2021届高三英语下学期3月考前模拟卷4（含解析）
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Kangaroo Island Penguin Centre at Kingscote offers so much more than just a chance to see the inhabitants of the local penguin colony(领地）where they live.
When you join us for guided tours of both the Little Penguin Colony and our Saltwater Aquariums, you'll begin to understand that the heart of our business is supporting, protecting and caring for the penguins and sharing our fascination with Kangaroo Island's sea creatures so our visitors can understand the importance of caring for the ocean's complex wildlife.
Best Time to Visit the Kingscote Penguin Colony
The best time to visit our colony is between April and November when Kingscote's penguins are concentrating on building their homes and families. During these months, penguins are either nest building, laying eggs or raising chicks.
Don't Let the Moon Spoil Your Penguin Viewing
If you are able to plan your penguin tour so that you don't come on a moonlit night, you'll be much more likely to see penguins on the Kingscote foreshore. Little penguins all over Australia become very quiet on land when the moon is bright. No matter the time of year, moonlit nights mean calm waters and penguins are likely to stay feeding out at sea when they occur.
Tour Times
During Daylight Saving tours start at 20:30 and 21:30 and in the winter tours are at 19:30 and 20:30. At peak Daylight Saving in December and January, tours start at 20:45 and 21:30. Our building opens half an hour before the first tour begins.
Disabled Access
The Kangaroo Island Penguin Centre building is wheelchair accessible and includes DISABLED ACCESS toilet facilities. For those wanting to join the evening tour, the Hospital Beach Penguin Colony features DISABLED ACCESS boardwalks suitable for wheel chairs.
21. What's the main purpose of the guided tours?
A. To protect and care for the penguins.
B. To inform visitors of the center's history.
C. To collect money for the Penguin Foundation.
D. To teach visitors how best to photograph wildlife.
22. At what time can a person join a tour in January at the earliest?
A. 21:30. B. 20:45. C. 20:30. D. 19:30.
23. Why is the centre friendly to the disabled?
A. Because it's wheel chair accessible.
B. Because people can join the evening tour.
C. Because there are toilet facilities in the centre.
D. Because people can take children to the centre.
【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章介绍了到小企鹅栖息地旅游的相关事项。
21.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the heart of our business is supporting, protecting and caring for the penguins”（我们业务的核心是支持、保护和照顾企鹅。）所以由导游带领的旅行主要目的是照顾和保护企鹅，故选A项。
22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“At peak Daylight Saving in December and January, tours start at 最早能够从20:45开始旅游。故选 B项。
23.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Kangaroo Island Penguin Centre building is wheelchair accessible and includes DISABLED ACCESS toilet facilities. ”（袋鼠岛企鹅中心大楼设有轮椅通道，并设有残疾人专用厕所。）所以，中心对于残疾人很友好体现在设有轮椅通道，故选 A项。
B
It was a hot Summer day a few years ago. I had just pulled into the local gas station to fill my tank. After pumping the gas I started to walk inside to pay. That is when I noticed them. Two elderly women stood back from their car. There was a mixture of shock, fear, and horror on their faces. I looked and saw what they saw. Five yellow jackets had started to build a nest around their gas cap. My eyes widened. I shared the ladies’ fear.
Yellow jackets had never been friends of mine. Several times these bad tempered wasps（黄蜂） had attacked me while I was mowing my lawn giving me multiple stings（叮咬）each time I ran over their ground nests. They are the reason why I never repair my lawn in shorts anymore. The worst time, however, happened when I was a young boy. A friend of mine and I were running and playing in my backyard. I must have stepped on one of their hidden nests again because before I knew it both of us were being chased and stung over and over by the yellow jackets while we ran away screaming. I ran to my Mom with tears in my eyes. She immediately ran a cold bath and put us both in it to ease the pain and itching（发痒） before giving us medicine to fight all the poison in our little bodies from the stings.
Still, I knew I couldn’t let fear stop me now. I reached into my back pocket for a paper towel I had there, tore out the nest and stepped on it while the angry wasps buzzed around me. Both of the ladies thanked me and I said, “You’ re welcome! ” with a smile and a happy heart.
24. Why were the two elderly ladies scared in the oil station?
A. They couldn’t find the way back home. B. They couldn’t afford the things they wanted.
C. They were afraid of being stung by some pests. D. They were afraid of being forced out of the room.
25. What did the writer do in case of being stung when repairing the lawn?
A. Wear a mask. B. Apply some medicine.
C. Wear shorts. D. Wear thick and long clothes.
26. Which of the following word can best describe the writer’s early experience?
A. Lucky. B. Miserable. C. Exciting. D. Instructive.
27. How did the writer drove away the wasps?
A. By spraying some medicine. B. By destroying their homes.
C. By covering their nests with paper. D. By burning down them.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述在加油站加油时，作者看到加油站里面两位老人害怕黄蜂。尽管有儿时的可怕经历，作者还是战胜恐惧，将黄蜂驱赶，帮助了两位老人。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Five yellow jackets had started to build a nest around their gas cap.（五只黄蜂开始围绕她们的帽子筑巢。）”可知，五只黄蜂将巢建在了她们的帽子上，她们害怕被黄蜂咬。故选C 项。
25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段 “They are the reason I never repair my lawn in shorts anymore.（这就是我从不在修剪草坪时穿短裤的原因。）”可知，修建剪草坪时，他从不敢穿短裤。所以作者在修剪草坪时以防被叮，得穿厚长的衣服，故选D项。
26. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“The worst time, however, happened when I was a young boy. A friend of mine and I were running and playing in my backyard. I must have stepped on one of their hidden nests again because before I knew it both of us were being chased and stung over and over by the yellow jackets while we ran away screaming. I ran to my Mom with tears in my eyes.（最糟糕的一次发生在我小时候。我和我的朋友在我家后院边跑边玩。我一定是又一次踩到它们的一个隐藏的蜂巢，因为在我知道之前我们俩都被黄蜂追、蛰了一遍又一遍，而我们尖叫着逃跑了。我眼含泪水的跑去找母亲。）”可知，从童年被黄蜂一遍遍叮咬，作者哭喊着去找母亲处理可知，这次经历是悲惨的。故选B项。
27. B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“I reached into my back pocket for a paper towel I had there, tore out the nest and stepped on it while the angry wasps buzzed around me.（我伸进后兜拿出提前准备的纸巾，扯掉蜂巢。虽然生气的黄蜂围着我转，但我依旧踩在它们上面。）”可知，作者用纸包住蜂巢，然后把它取下来了，踩在蜂巢上面，毁坏黄蜂的家，以此来赶走黄蜂。故选B项。
C
Even in the first few months of life, children begin to experiment with language. Young babies make sounds that imitate（模仿） the tones and rhythms of adult talk; they “ read” gestures and facial expressions, and they begin to associate sounds frequently heard — words — with their objects in the mind. They delight in listening to familiar rhymes, play along in games such as peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake, and play with objects such as board books and alphabet blocks in their play. From these remarkable beginnings children learn to use a variety of symbols.
In the course of gaining facility with these symbol systems, children acquire through interactions with others the insight that specific kinds of marks — print — also can represent meanings. At first children will use the physical and visual cues（提示） surrounding print to determine what something says. But as they develop an understanding of the alphabetic principle, children begin to process letters, translate them into sounds, and connect this information with a known meaning. Although it may seem as though some children acquire these understandings magically or on their own, studies suggest that they are the beneficiaries of considerable, though playful and informal, adult guidance and instruction.
Considerable diversity in children’s oral and written language experiences occurs in these years. In home and child care situations, children go through many different resources and types and degrees of support for early reading and writing. Some children may have ready access to a range of writing and reading materials, while others may not; some children will observe their parents writing and reading frequently, others only occasionally.
What this means is that no one teaching method or approach is likely to be the most effective for all children. Rather, good teachers bring into play a variety of teaching strategies that can involve the great diversity of children in schools. Excellent instruction builds on what children already know, and can do, and provides knowledge, and skills for lifelong learning. Children need to learn not only the technical skills of reading and writing but also how to use these tools to better their thinking and reasoning.
28. What can a child in the first few months do about language?
A. Speak some simple sentences. B. Understand some body language.
C. Connect the words with the definitions. D. Repeat the word they hear from adults.
29. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. Children’s ability of storing and processing letters and so on.
B. Children’s ability of connecting specific marks with meanings.
C. The course of children’s developing the physical and visual cues.
D. The importance of adult guidance and instruction in children’s growth.
30. What can we know about children’s oral and written language development?
A. It develops naturally in children. B. Earlier instruction is of great help.
C. It varies from children to children. D. It is hardly influenced by the surroundings.
31. Which of the following does the writer agree with?
A. There is no standard for good teachers.
B. Teaching strategies should change with children.
C. Children should have the ability of self teaching.
D. The perfect instruction is necessary for language learning.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。全文说明了孩子们语言的发展。他们从几个月开始读懂人们的身体语言，一直到学校一直进行语言学习。
28.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ Young babies make sounds that imitate（模仿） the tones and rhythms of adult talk; they “ read” gestures and facial expressions, and they begin to associate sounds frequently heard — words — with their objects in the mind.”（婴儿发出的声音模仿成人说话的音调和节奏；他们“读”手势和面部表情，并开始将经常听到的声音——单词——与他们头脑中的物体联系起来。）可知，刚出生几个月的孩子已经能够理解一些肢体语言了。故选B项。
29. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the course of gaining facility with these symbol systems, children acquire through interactions with others the insight that specific kinds of marks — print — also can represent meanings. At first children will use the physical and visual cues surrounding print to determine what something says. But as they develop an understanding of the alphabetic principle, children begin to process letters, translate them into sounds, and connect this information with a known meaning. Although it may seem as though some children acquire these understandings magically or on their own, studies suggest that they are the beneficiaries of considerable, though playful and informal, adult guidance and instruction.”（在熟练使用这些符号系统的过程中，儿童通过与他人的互动获得了这样一种认识，即特定种类的符号——印痕——也可以代表意义。首先，孩子们会利用围绕在印刷品周围的物理和视觉线索来判断物体在说什么。但是，随着他们对字母原理的理解的发展，孩子们开始处理字母，将它们翻译成声音，并将这些信息与已知的含义联系起来。虽然有些孩子似乎是神奇地或靠自己获得这些理解的，但研究表明，他们是成年人大量的指导和教导的受益者，尽管这些指导和教导是有趣的和非正式的。）可知，儿童通过与他人的互动获得了一种认知，即特地符号也可以代表意义。故本段主要在讲述儿童具有将特定标记与意义联系起来的能力。故选B项。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In home and child care situations, children go through many different resources and types and degrees of support for early reading and writing. Some children may have ready access to a range of writing and reading materials, while others may not; some children will observe their parents writing and reading frequently, others only occasionally.”（在家庭和儿童保育的情况下，孩子们在早期读写方面经历了许多不同的资源、类型和程度的支持。有些孩子可能随时可以接触到一系列的写作和阅读材料，而另一些则不然;有些孩子会经常观察父母的写作和阅读，有些则只是偶尔观察。）可知，儿童的口头和书面语言的发展能力因人而异。故选C项。
31.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What this means is that no one teaching method or approach is likely to be the most effective for all children. Rather, good teachers bring into play a variety of teaching strategies that can involve the great diversity of children in schools.”（这意味着没有一种教学方法或方法可能是对所有儿童最有效的。相反，好的老师会运用各种各样的教学策略，让学校里的孩子们变得多样化。）可知，对孩子的教学策略应因人而异。故选B项。

D
As heat waves continue to ravage the planet, air conditioners are becoming more and more common. However, these "active" cooling devices are posing problems because the electricity consumption which most people are concerned about and the release of ozone-damaging chemicals worsen the greenhouse gas effect, resulting in the creation of heat islands and further thermal pollution. Therefore, "passive" cooling, which doesn't have such effects, has attracted considerable attention from both scientists and ordinary people in recent years.
In a recent study, a team of researchers from China and US presented an eco-friendly, low-cost smart coating to keep buildings cooler while consuming zero electricity. Infrared radiation-based passive cooling has been investigated since 2014, but challenges, mainly the expensive and unsustainable design, have greatly limited their large-scale and widespread application. Besides, the imbalance in cooling ability of these coatings during the day and night tends to lead to great day-night temperature differences as more heat is lost than gained at night.
The solution therefore requires a "smart" mechanism that can both enhance daytime cooling and minimize nighttime heat loss. To do this, the researchers created a new smart coating comprised of conventional building materials, including titanium dioxide nanoparticles, fluorescent microparticles, and glass microspheres that were engineered to reflect most of the sunlight. Specifically, the titanium dioxide particles effectively reflect sunlight through light scattering（撒播）while the fluorescent particles increase the amount of reflection by changing the absorbed sunlight into fluorescence emissions, which drive more heat away from the building. Meanwhile, the glass microspheres re-send mid-infrared broadband radiation, allowing not only heat loss, but allowing heat exchange to take place between the building and the sky.
The coating was tested on a model concrete building. Through this efficient heat exchange with the sky, daytime cooling was strengthened while nighttime cooling was reduced. The building's inside temperature was always maintained at around 26℃, even when the out-side temperature varied from 24℃ to 37℃ during the day. We believe this new coating will make it to commercialization soon, enabling a sustainable, passive cooling technology that could help to fight climate change and the global energy crisis.
32. What is the virtue of passive cooling?
A. It is simple to design. B. It uses no chemicals.
C. It is smart. D. It uses no power.
33. Why couldn't the former coating be applied commercially?
A. It was hard to design.
B. Its material was hard to produce.
C. Its heat loss and cooling are imbalanced.
D. It wasn't tested on a model concrete building.
34. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "mechanism" in paragraph 3?
A. Metal. B. System. C. Platform. D. Building.
35. What is the text mainly about?
A. The principle of air-conditioning.
B. The differences between active and passive cooling.
C. A new coating to keep buildings cool without electricity.
D. A new building to maintain its inside temperature without electricity.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种环保型智能涂料，使用这种涂料不用电就能保持室内凉爽。
32. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a recent study, a team of researchers from China and US presented an eco-friendly, low-cost smart coating to keep buildings cooler while consuming zero electricity.” （在最近的一项研究中，一组来自中国和美国的研究人员提出了一种环保、低成本的智能涂层，可以在零用电的情况下保持建筑物的凉爽。）”可知，被动冷却的优点是它不用电。故选D。
33. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infrared radiation-based passive cooling has been investigated since 2014, but challenges, mainly the expensive and unsustainable design, have greatly limited their large-scale and widespread application. Besides, the imbalance in cooling ability of these coatings during the day and night tends to lead to great day-night temperature differences as more heat is lost than gained at night.（基于红外辐射的被动制冷技术自2014年开始研究，但是由于其昂贵且不可持续的设计，使其大规模的广泛应用受到了很大的限制。此外，这些涂层的冷却能力在白天和晚上的不平衡，往往导致日夜温差很大，因为失去的热量比夜间获得的热量多）”可知，为什么原有的涂层不能商业化应用是因为它的散热和冷却是不平衡的。故选C。
34. B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“that can both enhance daytime cooling and minimize nighttime heat loss.（既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。）”由此判断出，因此，解决方案需要一种“智能” 系统。这种系统既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。所以划线词指的是一种“系统”。故选B。
35. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“We believe this new coating will make it to commercialization soon, enabling a sustainable, passive cooling technology that could help to fight climate change and the global energy crisis.（我们相信，这种新的涂料将很快实现商业化，使可持续的被动冷却技术成为可能，有助于应对气候变化和全球能源危机。）”可知，文章主要介绍了一种不用电就能保持室内凉爽的新型涂料。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s no surprise that party hosting is on the up. When you’re hosting a party at home, you don’t have to wait around for a table or rush.36. Here are four Tips for Hosting a Great Party. Forget being perfect. 37. But don’t let this put you off throwing a party. Most people simply like to be invited to a fun evening and will probably pay little attention to their surroundings.
Keep things simple. Minimize stress by taking a few shortcuts. Not a great cook? Order in a takeaway. Don’t want to wash up? 38. You don’t need extremely delicious cuisine or cocktails to throw a great party. Just have a couple of nice details here and there, and the rest takes care of itself.
Define your purpose. Forget the “one size fits all” party. Work it out your way! Don’t simply throw a party the same way it’s always been. Instead, shake things up and do something to suit your own values. Please remember, don’t let activities get in the way of allowing people a good time.39.
40. Having a large house doesn’t guarantee the best party. In fact, larger space can be worse, as people can become segregated more meaning they’re more unlikely to bump into each other and start a conversation. At the other end of the scale, you need to ensure your guests don’t feel as though they’re stood on top of each other.
Wish your next party a great success!
A. Use space well.
B. Use paper plates.
C. Remember to thank everyone when they leave.
D. There’s often something we don’t like about our homes.
E. If people don’t want to get involved in an activity, let them watch instead.
F. If you’re looking for a guide for hosting a great party, you’re in the right place.
G. It’s the perfect opportunity to bring friends together and enjoy each other’s company.
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在家举办派对的四个小窍门。
36. F根据上文“When you’re hosting a party at home, you don’t have to wait around for a table or rush. (当你在家里举办派对时，你不需要等桌子或着急。)”和下文“Here are four Tips for Hosting a Great Party. (以下是举办派对的四个小窍门。)”可知，此处承上启下，内容与在家举办派对有关，选项F“If you’re looking for a guide for hosting a great party, you’re in the right place. (如果你正在寻找举办一场很棒的派对的指南，那你来对地方了。)”符合题意。故选F。
37. D根据本段小标题“Forget being perfect.（忘记是完美的。）”和下文“But don’t let this put you off throwing a party. (但不要因此而放弃举办派对。)”和“pay little attention to their surroundings（对周围的环境不太注意）”可知，此处承上启下，紧扣本段主题，内容与不要对家里要求完美有关，选项D“There’s often something we don’t like about our homes. (我们总会对家里的某些东西感到不满意。)”符合题意。故选D。
38. B根据上文“Not a great cook? Order in a takeaway. Don’t want to wash up? (不是个好厨师?叫外卖。不想洗盘子?)”可知，此处承上启下，要在结构和形式上对应，也在语义上连贯，内容与不想洗盘子的解决办法有关，选项B“Use paper plates. (使用纸盘子。)”符合题意。故选B。
39. E根据上文“Please remember, don’t let activities get in the way of allowing people a good time. (请记住，不要让活动妨碍了人们享受美好时光。)”可知，此处呼应上文，内容与如果有人不喜欢参与游戏，就让他们看着就好，不逼他们互动，只要他们开心就好，不要忘记了聚会的目的是大家聚在一起欢乐有关，选项E“If people don’t want to get involved in an activity, let them watch instead. (如果有人不喜欢参与游戏，就让他们看着就好。)”符合题意。故选E。
40. A根据下文“In fact, larger space can be worse (事实上，更大的空间可能更糟糕)”可知，此处是本段小标题，总领本段，内容与空间有关，选项A“Use space well. (充分使用空间。)”符合题意。故选A。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few months ago, one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity. His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had 41 an invitation to speak on a conference panel(专家组). It would look great on his CV(简历). I was 42 for him, of course. I had been a(n) 43 partner in the campaign. I felt that I deserved the same opportunity. Yet I hadn’t been 44 and I wasn’t sure why.
Growing up, I had been taught that the way to 45 was to put my head down and work hard. If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be 46 . This view, coupled with a natural 47 , meant that I 48 worked up the nerve to put myself forward. However, I decided that I need to 49 my life again——by becoming my own biggest 50 .
So, with my 51 beating fast, I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to 52 me. My mind flooded with a list of well-practiced 53 . Maybe I didn’t deserve it. Maybe I was being too 54 . But my colleague immediately contacted the organizers, who quickly agreed to 55 me to the panel. I’ve come to understand that I can’t be recognized for my work if I’m invisible. This isn’t a revolutionary 56 which many people are unfamiliar with, I know, but as an introvert(内向的人) this is my 57 Mount Everest.
I think advocating for myself will always make me a little 58 . But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to 59 I’m living my best life, like getting flu shots. I suppose I can do the same for my 60 .
41. A. turned down B. lacked for C. referred to D. led to
42. A. thankful B. happy C. sorry D. ready
43. A. legal B. mental C. equal D. special
44. A. invited B. promoted C. informed D. dismissed
45. A. practice B. success C. power D. reality
46. A. observed B. protected C. attracted D. rewarded
47. A. shyness B. warmth C. kindness D. sweetness
48. A. quietly B. frequently C. rarely D. completely
49. A. make sense of B. take control of C. pay attention to D. find fault with
50. A. advocate B. promise C. harvest D. sacrifice
51. A. brain B. heart C. bone D. stomach
52. A. question B. serve C. include D. fire
53. A. get-together B. background C. self-doubt D. breakthrough
54. A. stubborn B. proud C. nervous D. ambitious
55. A. add B. send C. report D. track
56. A. idea B. test C. visit D. plan
57. A. professional B. personal C. skeptical D. traditional
58. A. unreasonable B. dishonest C. uncomfortable D. discontent
59. A. figure B. predict C. record D. ensure
60. A. health B. colleague C. education D. career
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了同学获得了更好的职业发展机会，作者认为，自己也应该有同样的机会，但是，因为内向羞怯的性格阻挡了职业发展，因此，作者决心突破自己，参与到竞争中。
41. D考查动词短语辨析。句意：他在一项以学生为主导的、以增加联邦政府对基础研究的资助的运动中的努力使他受邀在专家组会议上发言。A. turned down拒绝；B. lacked for缺乏；C. referred to查阅，提到；D. led to导致，使。根据该句中的“an invitation to speak on a conference panel”可知，作者的同学因为他在此次运动中的努力使（导致led to）他受邀在专家组会议上发言。故选D项。
42. B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我当然为他高兴。A.thankful感谢；B.happy高兴的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.ready准备好的。根据上文“one of my fellow graduate students”可知，受邀发言的是作者的同学，因此，作者为同学的成功而高兴（happy）。故选B项。
43. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在竞选中是一个平等的伙伴。A. legal合法的；B. mental 精神的；C. equal平等的；D. special 特殊。根据下文“I felt that I deserved the same opportunity.”可知，作者认为自己应该得到同样的机会，因此，可推知，作者在竞争中，应该与同学是平等的（equal）。故选C项。
44. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我没有被邀请，我也不知道为什么。A. invited 邀请；B. promoted 提升；C. informed 通知；D. dismissed解雇。根据上文“His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had ____41____ an invitation to speak on a conference panel”可知，作者的同学被邀请发言，而自己没有被邀请（invited）。故选A项。
45. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：在成长过程中，我一直被教导，成功的方法就是低头努力工作。A. practice 实践；B. success 成功；C. power 权力；D. reality 现实。根据下文“If my work was good enough, it would speak for itself and I would be ____46____.”可知，作者一直被教导努力工作，就会成功（success）并有回报。故选B项。
46. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我的工作足够好的话，我会得到回报的。A. observed 观察；B. protected 保护；C. attracted 吸引；D. rewarded 回报，奖励。根据上文“Growing up, I had been taught that the way to ____45____ was to put my head down and work hard.”可知，作者一直被教导努力工作，就会成功并有回报（rewarded）。故选D项。
47. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种想法，再加上天生的羞怯，意味着我很少鼓起勇气提出自己的观点。A. shyness 害羞；B. warmth 温暖；C. kindness 善良；D. sweetness 甜蜜。根据“worked up the nerve to put myself forward”以及“ but as an introvert(内向的人) ”可知，作者很少鼓起勇气提出自己的观点，可推知，作者是内向羞怯（shyness）的人。故选A项。
48.C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种想法，再加上天生的羞怯，意味着我很少鼓起勇气提出自己的观点。A. quietly 安静；B. frequently 频繁；C. rarely 很少；D. completely 完全。根据上文“This view, coupled with a natural ____47____,”可知，作者是一个内向羞怯的人，因此，作者很少（rarely）鼓起勇气提出自己的观点。故选C项。
49. B考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我决定我需要重新掌控我的生活——成为我自己最大的拥护者。A. make sense of有意义；B. take control of控制；C. pay attention to 注意；D. find fault with挑剔。根据下文“So, with my ____51____ beating fast, I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to ____52____ me.”可知，作者让同事把他也包括进去，因此，可推知作者想克服自己羞怯的性格并掌控（take control of）他自己的生活。故选B项。
50. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我决定我需要重新掌控我的生活——成为我自己最大的拥护者。A. advocate 拥护者；B. promise 承诺；C. harvest 收获；D. sacrifice 牺牲。根据下文“So, with my ____11____ beating fast, I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to ____52____ me.”可知，可推知作者想克服自己羞怯的性格并掌控他自己的生活，支持自己，让自己成为自己的拥护者（advocate）。故选A项。
151. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我心跳加速着让我的同事请小组组织者把我也包括进来。A. brain 大脑；B. heart 心；C. bone 骨；D. stomach胃。根据上文“This view, coupled with a natural ____47____, meant that I ____48____ worked up the nerve to put myself forward.”可知，作者是一个爱害羞的人，不擅长表达自己，因此，他申请加入竞争行列时，非常激动，心（heart）跳加速。故选B项。
52.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我心跳加速着让我的同事请小组组织者把我也包括进来。A. question提问；B. serve服务；C. include 包括；D. fire 解雇。根据“However, I decided that I need to ____49____ my life again——by becoming my own biggest ____50____.”可知，作者决定重新掌控自己的生活，参与竞争，因此，让同事请小组组织者把他也包括（include）进来。故选C项。
53. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脑海里充斥着一大堆练习得很好的自我怀疑。A. get-together 聚会；B. back ground 背景；C. self-doubt 自我怀疑；D. breakthrough 突破。根据上文可知，作者是一个内向羞怯的人，因此，作者想突破自己加入到竞争行列时，内心充满自我怀疑（self-doubt）。故选C项。
54. D考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：也许我太野心勃勃了。A. stubborn 固执；B. proud 骄傲；C. nervous 紧张；D. ambitious雄心勃勃。根据“Maybe I didn’t deserve it.”可知，作者作为一个内向的人，有时会做心理斗争，认为自己太野心勃勃（ambitious）。故选D项。
55. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的同事立即联系了组织者，他们很快同意将我加入小组。 A. add加入；B. send发送；C. report报告；D. track跟踪。根据上文“So, with my ____51____ beating fast, I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to ____52____ me.” 可知，作者让同事请小组组织者把自己也包括进来，后来，组织者很快同意作者加入（add）。故选A项。
56.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道，这不是一个很多人都不熟悉的革命性想法，但作为一个内向的人，这是我个人的珠穆朗玛峰。A. idea 想法；B. test测试；C. visit访问；D. plan计划。根据“I’ve come to understand that I can’t be recognized for my work if I’m invisible.”可知，此处指作者认识到如果一直隐姓埋名，他的工作就不会被更多的人认可这个想法（idea）。故选A项。
57. B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道，这不是一个很多人都不熟悉的革命性想法，但作为一个内向的人，这是我个人的珠穆朗玛峰。A. professional专业的；B. personal个人的；C. skeptical怀疑的；D. traditional 传统的。根据上文“I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to ____52____ me.”以及“but as an introvert（内向的人）”可知，作者作为一个内向的人，挑战自己的内向的性格去勇敢地参与竞争，这对本人来说，就像是个人的（personal）珠穆朗玛峰。故选B项。
58.C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得鼓吹自己总是会让我有点不舒服。A. unreasonable 不合理；B. dishonest不诚实；C. uncomfortable 不舒服；D. discontent不满足。根据下一句“But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to ____59____ I’m living my best life”可知，作者做了很多让自己不舒服的事情来保证他的生活，结合上文中作者提到自己是一个羞怯的人，可推知，鼓吹自己令他不舒服（uncomfortable）。故选C项。
59. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我做了很多其他不舒服的事情来保证我过着最好的生活，比如打流感疫苗。A. figure计算；B. predict 预测；C. record 记录；D. ensure保证，确保。根据“I’m living my best life, like getting flu shots”可知，作者通过打疫苗等不舒服的事情来保证（ensure）自己的生活。故选D项。
60. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我也可以为我的事业做同样的事。A. health 健康；B. colleague 同事；C. education 教育；D. career 职业。通读全文，尤其是本文第一句“A few months ago, one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity.”及下文可知，作者同学得到了一个令人难以置信的职业发展机会，作者非常羡慕，因此，也想克服自身羞怯，勇敢地参与竞争，也希望自己的职业（career）有所发展。故选D项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分；满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cambridge Dictionary has revealed that its word of the year is "quarantine”（隔离）.The dictionary's 61. （edit） said that it was the third most searched-for word of the year. According to the dictionary, "quarantine" 62. （search） for the most between 18 and 24 March, 63. restrictions began to be imposed due to the pandemic.
Alongside “quarantine"， other coronavirus-related words, including “pandemic” and “lockdown ”，ranked highly on Cambridge Dictionary's most popular list for 2020. There were also several new words 64. （add） to the dictionary, including “HyFlex”, which is short for hybrid （混合的）flexible, a term used to describe a style of teaching that sees some students participating in a class 65. （virtual） while others are also there in person. "Elbow bump” （撞肘）was also added as a way of 66. （refer） to a friendly greeting that allows people to maintain 67. （society） distancing.
“Neither coronavirus nor Covid-19 appeared among the words that Cambridge Dictionary users searched for most this year.” We believe this indicates that people have been fairly confident about 68. the virus is. Instead, users have been searching for words related to economic impacts of the pandemic, as is shown not just by “quarantine"69. by another two words on the list for Word of the Year “lockdown”, and "pandemic"70. （it）.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述《剑桥词典》日前发布年度搜索量最高的几个词汇。
61. editors / editor考查名词。句意：该词典的编辑说，“隔离”在今年的搜索量中排名第三 。分析句子可知，设空处为主语，前面有所有格修饰，应用名词，并且指人，可推测是editor ，意为“编辑”，它是可数名词，在本句中用单数或者复数都可以，故填editors / editor。
62. was searched考查谓语动词时态与语态。句意：“隔离”一词在 3 月 18 日至 24 日之间搜索量最大。根据时间状语between 18 and 24 March可知应用一般过去时，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，要用被动语态，故填was searched。
63. when考查定语从句。句意：由于新冠疫情，各国在当时开始实施限制措施。分析句子可知，___63___ restrictions began to be imposed due to the pandemic为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词between 18 and 24 March，引导词在从句中做时间状语，故填when。
64. added考查过去分词。句意：《剑桥词典》还添加了几个新词。分析句子可知，设空处用来修饰名词words ，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填added。
65. virtually 考查副词。句意：HyFlex，是 hybrid flexible 的缩写，用来描述一些学生远程上课，而另一些学生则在校上课的教学方式。分析句子可知，设空处修饰 participating in，应用副词作状语，故填virtually。
66. referring考查动名词。句意： “Elbow bump”（撞肘）也被加入，作为一种友好的问候方式，以保持社交距离。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词后面作宾语，应用动名词，故填referring。
67. social考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词distancing，应用形容词作定语，故填social。
68.what 考查宾语从句。句意：我们认为，这表明人们对这种病毒相当有信心。分析句子可知，___68___ the virus is为宾语从句，连接词在从句中做表语，意为“什么”，故填what。
69.but 考查连词。句意：用户们反而一直在搜索与新冠疫情的经济影响有关的词汇，这不仅体现在‘隔离’这个词上，还体现在年度词汇榜单的另两个词：‘封锁’和‘大流行’本身。分析句子可知，设空处前后为并列关系，not just... but…，意为“不仅……还……”，根据句意，故填but。
70.itself 考查反身代词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处指代“pandemic”本身，应用it的反身代词，根据句意，故填itself。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Grandpa lives in a distant mountainous area with forests around. He runs a grocery store, that wild animals appear from time on time. One day, two small deer came to the door. They looked hungrily and Grandpa gave them some food to eat. Since now, the two deer have never left, lying in front of the shop after fed. Gradually, the lovely deer are popular, attract a lot of people to see them. As the result, Grandpa's business is getting even more better. The deer have become an alive advertisement, so more but more customers come to buy item in the store. Grandpa's kindness is paying off.
【答案】
第一处：that→where
第二处：on→to
第三处：hungrily→hungry
第四处{now→then
第五处：fed前加being
第六处：attract→attracting
第七处：the→a
第八处：删除more
第九处：but→and
第十处：item→items
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是高三学生李华，下周一你校将与新西兰学生举办交流活动. 请你代表学校写一篇欢迎稿，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 活动安排（参观、交流、观看晚会等）；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.
【范文】
Dear guests,
On behalf of all the teachers and students in our school, I would like to extend my heartfelt welcome to you! Welcome to our school! I'm also honoured to tell you about the activity arrangements. Later in the morning, I'll show you around our school, visiting our modern classrooms, beautiful campus and advanced laboratories. Finally we'll visit the canteen and enjoy lunch there.
We'll meet in the afternoon for cultural exchange, which is a good opportunity to promote understanding between our two countries. In the evening, you'll watch the performance and attend other activities. I wish you all a great time!
Thank you for your listening! That's all.