高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案，共5页。

[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(教材P62)There are many reasns why this has been pssible, but ne f the main factrs has been the Chinese writing system.
2．(教材P62)Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry where Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin.
3．(教材P64)I tld my mum that I wanted t give up, and that I wuld never live in a cuntry where German was spken.
4．(教材P64)I finally understd the reasn why my mum had encuraged me nt t give up.
5．(教材P68)Then I saw an advertisement that ffered a wnderful summer curse, and that was the day when I decided t take n a new language.
6．The time when I first met Nelsn Mandela was a very difficult perid f my life.
[共性呈现]
1．所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。
2．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句)。
3．关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。
4．关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。
[语法精释]
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first went t the Great Wall.
我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
The day when we get tgether will cme sn.
我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
We will never frget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
[名师点津] 若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is nw wrking in the factry where his father wrked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
[名师点津] 若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
The schl (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。
(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reasn，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
The reasn why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。
Can yu tell me the reasn why yu didn't cme t his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[名师点津] reasn后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
I dn't knw the reasn why he didn't turn t his gd friend fr help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I wn't listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
[即学即练1] 对比填空：that, which, when, where, why
(1)I will never frget the days that/which we spent tgether.
(2)I will never frget the days when we stayed tgether.
(3)The reasn that/which he explained at the meeting was nt sund.
(4)The reasn why he was late was that he missed his train.
(5)Keep the bk in a place where yu can find it easily.
(6)This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag.
二、关系代词作介词的宾语
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whm或whse。
1．介词的选用
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
This is the camera with which he ften takes phts.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)
This is the pilt with whm my father has wrked fr ten years.
这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
[名师点津] (1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
I still remember the time when (＝in which) I was in cllege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
This is the htel where (＝in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的旅馆。
This is the reasn why (＝fr which) he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
(2)有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lk fr，lk after，send fr，call n，cme acrss，lng fr等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
The dctr that yu sent fr has nt cme.
你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。
2．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whm，不可用wh/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student fr whm I bught a bk.
这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by which I went t Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘的船。
3．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词f＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river, the banks f which are cvered with trees, flws t the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。
He has three sns, tw f whm are teachers.
他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。
Maria has written tw nvels, bth f which have been made int televisin series.
玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
(1)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which_has been prved.
(2)My cmputer, withut which_I can't surf the Internet, brke dwn yesterday.
(3)The girl t whm yu talked just nw is ur English teacher.
(4) I have abut 10 bks, half f which were written by M Yan.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reasn why/fr_which she changed her mind is quite clear.
2．The days when they travelled tgether meant a lt t him.
3．I saw a huse, the windws f which were brken.
4．She has tw sns, bth f whm graduated frm Harvard University.
5．Nbdy knws the reasn fr which she didn't attend the meeting.
6．We went thrugh a perid when cmmunicatins were very difficult in the rural areas.
7．The children, all f whm had played the whle day lng, were wrn ut.
8．We visited the car factry where my uncle nce wrked three years ag.
9．This is the factry that/which I visited last year.
10．The ld man has tw sns, and bth f them are lawyers.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．We settled dwn in a small village.In frnt f the village ran a winding river.
→We settled dwn in a small village in_frnt_f_which ran a winding river.
2．She has three sns.All f her sns are abrad nw.
→She has three sns and all_f_them are abrad nw.
→She has three sns, all_f_whm are abrad nw.
3．There are sixty students in ur class.Thirty f the students in ur class are girls.
→There are sixty students in ur class, thirty_f_whm are girls.
4．The schl lies in the east f the twn.He nce studied in the schl.
→The schl where he nce studied lies in the east f the twn.
5．D yu remember the days？On thse days we played tgether.
→D yu remember the days when we played tgether?
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．The reasn why_he_culd_nt_g_there was that he was ill in bed.
他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2．We are living in an age when_many_things_are_dne n cmputer.
我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
3．After graduatin he returned t the small twn where/in_which_he_grew_up.
毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。
4．I dn't like the way _(that/in_which)_yu_speak_t_yur_parents.
我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。
5．The huse which_was_destryed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。
6．I'll never frget the days when_I_wrked_tgether_with_yu.
我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
7．We made a survey amng the students, 78%_f_whm_vte Lee their mnitr.
我们在学生中进行了一次调查，78%的学生投票支持Lee来当班长。
8．He is ne f my ld schlmates, wh_I_came_acrss the ther day in the street.
他是我的一个老同学，我前几天在街上偶然遇见了(cme acrss)他。
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reasn
原因状语