2020-2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案

新必修一unit4

课文

The Night the Earth didn’t Sleep

Strange things were happening in the  countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days,  the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well  walls. At least one well had some smelly gas  coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice  ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,  and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am on July 28 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of  Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people  were asleep as usual that night.

河北省东北部的农村发生了一些奇怪的事情。几天来，村里水井里的水涨了又跌，涨又跌。井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。至少有一口井里冒出了一些难闻的气体。鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃东西，狗也不肯进楼里。老鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼儿从水里跳出来。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山市外的天空出现了明亮的灯光和巨大的噪音。但那天晚上，这座城市的一百万居民像往常一样睡着了。

At 3:42 am,  everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were  coming to an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one of the most  deadly earthquake of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away  in Beijing. Nearly one third of the nation  felt it. A huge crack eight kilometers  long and thirty meters wide, cut across  houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of  rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one  minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000.

凌晨3点42分，一切开始摇晃。好像世界末日到了!就在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的地震之一已经开始了，甚至在150公里以外的北京也造成了破坏。全国近三分之一的人有这种感觉。一条8公里长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横贯房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的岩石山丘变成了泥泞的河流。不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了一片废墟。居住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。成千上万的儿童失去了父母。在地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超过40万。

Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75  percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes,  and all of the hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs,  and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of  water. People were in shock—and then,  later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more  buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began  to wonder how long the disaster would last.

幸存者放眼望去，到处都是废墟。这座城市几乎所有的东西都被摧毁了。大约75%的城市工厂和建筑，90%的家庭，以及所有的医院都消失了。地面上覆盖着砖块，像红色的秋叶，但是没有风可以把它们吹走。大多数桥梁已经倒塌，或者过桥不安全。铁轨现在都成了无用的金属片。成千上万的牛，成千上万的猪，数百万的鸡都死了。现在井里填满的是沙子而不是水。人们都被震住了，然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一场大地震。更多的建筑物倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难得到。人们开始怀疑这场灾难会持续多久。

But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000  soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide  medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had  been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by  train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

但希望并没有破灭。地震发生后不久，军队就派了15万士兵到唐山去挖出被困的人，埋葬死者。1万多名医生和护士前来提供医疗服务。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。成千上万的人得到了帮助。水和食物由火车、卡车和飞机运到城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼吸了。

Tangshan started to revive itself and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the  government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was  built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than  seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry,  and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world  that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay  positive and rebuild for a brighter future.

唐山开始复苏，重新站起来了。在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。这座新城已成为700多万人口的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了极大改善。唐山市已经向中国和世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展现出智慧，保持积极向上，重建一个更美好的未来。

ruin

【原句回放】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变成了废墟。

【点拨】ruin  n. 毁灭；废墟。表示“废墟、遗迹”时常用ruins：

 the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹；

in ruins 荒芜的；

be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；

 fall into/go to ruin 衰落；败落

 The castle now lies in ruins. 这座古堡已成废墟。

 bring sth. / sb. to ruin 使某物毁灭；使某人破产

 The war brought ruin to the country.   战争毁了这个国家。

 v.  毁坏；毁掉；使破产

 I was ruined by the law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。

 ruin oneself 毁掉自己

 ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭

【拓展】destroy, ruin, damage的区别

 ①damage指部分“损坏”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something 连用。

Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。

  ②destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。

 His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。

③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”解；用作名词时,它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。

The company is facing ruin.  这家公司面临破产。

【随堂练习】用damage, destroy, ruin的适当形式填空：

1. The earthquake ______ the whole town.

2. The accident did a lot of ______ to his car.

3. The house has fallen into ______.

Keys：考查单词意义。1.destroyed; 2. damage; 3. ruin.

句意分别是1.地震摧毁了整个城镇。2.事故对他的车造成了很大的损害。3.房子倒塌成了一片废墟。

brick

n.砖

The Great Wall is made of stones and bricks. 长城是由石头和砖头砌成的。

metal

n.金属

Metals expand when they are heated.

Oil preserves metal from rust. 油保护金属免于生锈。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.

shock

【例句】People were shocked.   人们感到震惊。

【点拨】shock   v. “使震惊”,语气强烈。以人做主语时,用被动形式。后接介词at/by时表示“对……吃惊”；后接不定式时表示“因做某事而吃惊”。

 be shocked at/by…    对……感到震惊

 be shocked to do sth.  很吃惊地……

 It shocked sb. to see/hear… 看到/听到……使某人震惊

 They were shocked by her rudeness. 他们被她的粗鲁震惊了。

 It shocked me to think how close we had come to being killed.

 想到我们差点丧命,我心惊肉跳。

    n.  冲击,震惊, 表示“一件令人吃惊的事”时一般为可数名词。

 with/from shock  由于震惊

 suffer from shock  休克

 be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击

 It was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他来说是一个重大的打击。

【拓展】shocking 令人震惊的,骇人听闻的；shocked  受震惊的,惊愕的

 The result of the game is shocking.  游戏结果令人震惊。

 I’m shocked at his change.  我对他的改变十分吃惊。

【随堂练习】汉译英：

1. 看到邻居们如何对待孩子,我感到震惊。

________________________________________________________________________

2. 他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。

________________________________________________________________________

Keys：考查单词及词组掌握。

1. The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.

2. It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.

electricity

n.电

【例句】

We cannot fancy a life without electricity.  我们无法想象没有电的生活。

The electricity/gas(supply) was cut off for the time being because of repairs．

    由于检修，暂时切断电源/煤气供应。

【拓展2】对比：electric，electrical，electronic

这三个词都是形容词：

electric 多指用电作为动力的。

electrical表示与电力生产或使用相关的。

electronic电子的，电子器件的

如：an electrical fault 电力故障     an electrical engineer 电力工程师

    This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors.

    这艘沉重的货船由两个电动发动机驱动。

        The electric cooker isn’t working because of an electrical fault.

        由于电力故障电炉不能使用了。

        The boys are crazy about electronic music. 这些男孩酷爱电子音乐。

trap

【例句】Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.  有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中。

【点拨】trap  v. 困住；关住；使陷入危险之中

 be trapped in… 困住……中,陷在……中       

trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事

 n. 陷阱；圈套

 Look! A mouse was caught in the trap.  看,一只老鼠掉进陷阱。

 She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.

 她为他设下了一个圈套,他径直走进去了。

【随堂练习】汉译英：那辆车深陷在雪中。

 _______________________________________________________________________                                                                 

Keys：考察trap的含义和词组搭配。 The car was trapped in the deep snow.

bury

【例句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.               军队组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。

【点拨】bury  v. 埋葬；埋藏；隐藏

 Where is she buried?  她被葬在哪里？

 The dog buried a bone in the ground.  狗埋了一块骨头在地下。

 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面

 She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手掩面,哭了。

短语扩展：

 bury oneself in sth. /doing sth. =be buried in… 专心致志于……

 bury oneself in study 埋头研究

 be buried in thoughts 沉思

【随堂练习】The miners ______ (bury) alive when the tunnel collapsed.

Keys：：考察bury的词义和被动语态。 were buried   be buried alive意思为被活埋。

effort

effort  n. 努力   make an effect(s) to do sth.

affect = have an effect on… “影响……”

【例句】

Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.

父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺平道路。

With all his efforts, no wonder he is able to digest whatever he is taught.

由于他的所有努力，难怪他能消化他所学到的任何东西。

wisdom

n.智慧

lack sth.(wisdom／common sense／money缺乏智慧／常识/金钱)

课文

TSUNAMI [tsu’na:mi]HITS ASIA:

OVER 6,500 DEAD

By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004

The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed.

In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.

“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.

Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.

亚洲海啸来袭:

超过6500人死亡

2004年12月27日，星期一

昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲各地的海岸线，在印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家造成超过6500人死亡。渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋和汽车都被9.0级的强烈地震引起的巨浪卷走。海底地震发生在早上7点左右。这是星期天在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生的。仅在这个地区，就有至少1870人丧生。

在斯里兰卡，大约1。政府官员说，死亡人数为2498人，另有100万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员说，南部海岸有多达1.900人丧生。另有254人在泰国死亡，另外三个国家有54人死亡。当地官员说，泰国南部有1900人受伤，更多人失踪。

“当时我正和三个孩子吃早饭，家里开始灌满了水。我们不得不放下一切，逃到安全的地方。”

目前仍有数千人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还会进一步增加。外国援助正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织。然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食品和供应品变得困难。

crash

n.&v. 碰撞；撞击

【例句】

The bus crashed into the blue car

The plane crashed and killed 120 lives.

sweep

sweep up

打扫；横扫

[短语归纳]

sweep aside放[堆]到一边, 不予理会

sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走

sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除

sweep out扫掉; 清除

sweep over将...一扫而光

[练习]选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。

1) After the party, the house needed ____________.

2) The leaves were _________ into the air by the strong wind.

A. swept off  B. swept over  C. swept up  D. swept out

Keys: 1.sweeping up   2. swept up

wave

v.挥手

【例句】

He waved until the train was out of sight.

他一直挥手直至火车消失在视线中。

He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. 为了吸引注意，他又嚷嚷又挥手。

strike

(struck, struck)     

作“打”时，为常用词，而beat 指连续不断地敲打，还可用于有规律，有节奏的跳动，拍打；

hit 指“一次性打中”

作“打动，感动”时，be struck by……

作“钟敲响几点”时，the clock has just struck six.

作“罢工”， there is a big struck in London.

strike a match 擦火柴

sth. occur to sb. = sth come to sb. = sth. flash to sb. = sth strike sb. = sth. hit sb. 某人突然想到……

其他单词

disaster

/ dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) / n.灾难；灾害

natural disasters 自然灾害 （P47）

an air disaster 空难

Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。

on hand

现有（尤指帮助）

We would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days. 

我们建议在三天内保持有足够的水和食物。（P53）

He has too much work on hand.  他手头的工作太多了

I always like to keep some money on hand.  我总喜欢在手头备好一些钱。

deliver

 / dɪˈlɪvə(r) /

vt. & vi.递送；传达

However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54）

vt. 发表

The president will deliver a speech about the economic development. 

总统将就经济发展发表讲话。

vt. 接生；生(小孩) ; be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子

She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。

巧学妙记图记 deliver一词多义:

接生                     递送                  演讲

slide

 / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (slid, slid )  (使 ）滑行；滑动

We slid on the ice.  我们在冰上滑行。

The door slid open.  门慢慢开了。

slide into（使）滑入; 溜进

The thief slid into the room. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。

aid

 / eɪd / 

n.援助；帮助；救援物资

first aid 急救

economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助

with the aid of  在…的帮助下

He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. 

借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。

vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助

To aid the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money.

为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。

rescue

 / ˈreskju: / n.& vt. 营救；救援

What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 

在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？（P48）

rescue workers/boats/helicopters/ camps救援人员 / 船只 / 直升机 /营

They were rescued by helicopter. 他们被直升机救走了。

rescue sb./ sth. from…  从……中营救某人/某物

Firefighters rescued a child from a burning building 

消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。

rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者

Many people burst into tears when a rescuer carried a girl out of the ruins. 

当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。

shelter

/'ʃeltə/ 

n.避难处；居所；庇护

Shelters were set up by the government.  政府搭建了庇护所。（P49）

Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。（P50）

People were running for the shelter from the storm. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。

an animal shelter 动物收容处

vt.保护；掩蔽 shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 保护……免受……

Some parents want to shelter their children from any harm.

有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。

vi. 躲避 （风、雨或危险）; shelter from sth 躲避（风、雨或危险）

We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。

crack

/kræk/

n.裂纹 ；裂缝

There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.  井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。（P50）

This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。

vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂

The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。

as if

似乎；好像；仿佛

It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！世界似乎要到末日！（P50）

She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。

【拓展】

as if的用法：(同as though)

as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：

①和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。

②和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

③和将来事实相反，从句用would/ could+ do。

Some people like to talk about film stars’ personal life as if they were close friends.

一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。

She loves the boy as if she were his mother．她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。

It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?

打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。