高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science精练

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science精练，共8页。
课时素养检测十二　Unit 3　Period 4Ⅰ. 阅读理解(2019·吉林高一检测)Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study. The scientists invited 36 people of different ages to the lab and had them sit quietly on a fixed bicycle for 10 minutes or, on a separate visit, pedal the bicycle at a pace so gentle that it barely raised their heart rates. It also was short, lasting for only 10 minutes. Immediately after each session of the sitting or slow pedaling, the people completed a computerized memory test during which they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a tree, followed by a variety of other images and then a new image of either the same tree or a similar one. The people would press buttons to show whether they thought each image was new or the same as an earlier shot. The test is difficult, since many of the images closely resemble one another. It requires rapid, skillful scanning recent memories to decide whether a picture is new or known. Next, the scientists had each people repeat this process—riding or sitting on the bike for 10 minutes and then completing memory testing—but the testing now took place inside an M. R. I. machine(磁共振成像仪)that scanned the people’s brains while they responded to the images. Then the researchers compared results. The effects of the exercise were clear. The people were better at remembering images after they had ridden the bike, especially when the images most closely resembled one another. In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best, the better they performed after the exercise. The M. R. I. scans showed that memory parts of each people’s brain lit up at the same time with parts of the brain associated with learning, indicating that these physically separate parts of the brain were better connected now than when the people had not first exercised. 【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻度运动也会提高人的记忆力水平。1. How did the researchers conduct the study? A. By filling up questionnaires. B. By interviewing many people. C. By comparing experiment data. D. By referring to historical reports. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Then the researchers compared results. ”可知研究者通过对比实验数据得出结论。2. Who might benefit most from the study result? A. The marketers promoting fixed bicycles. B. The young people crazy about body building. C. The white collars doing long-term mental work. D. The blue-collars doing heavy physical labor work. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。一项新的研究表明, 哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻度运动也会提高人的记忆力水平。因此可推断这对于长期从事脑力工作的白领们是一个福音。3. Which of the following statements agrees with the study result? A. The light exercise is only good for young people. B. The more the exercise is, the better the brain works. C. The exercise can coordinate different parts of the body. D. The exercise has more positive effect when the brain works harder. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best, the better they performed after the exercise. ”可知大脑使用的程度越高, 运动对记忆力的影响就越大, 即当大脑工作更努力时, 运动有更积极的效果。4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Even ten minutes’ exercise may be good for the brainB. There is no need for humans doing exercise every dayC. Only ten minutes’ light exercise benefits the young mostD. Exercise can change people’s brains and minds in a long time【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段可知, 本文主要介绍了一项研究成果: 短时间的轻度运动就会提高记忆力水平, 故A选项符合题意。Ⅱ. 完形填空The accident happened on a September night in 2013. A vehicle struck my car from behind 　1　 I was driving home. At the hospital, the doctors 　2　 I was a quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪者) and told me I wasn’t going to be able to move anything from my neck 　3　. I had lost the use of almost every muscle and was very weak.  I realized that my life was different. My head 　4　 like a heavy ball and I couldn’t hold it up. I was unable to use a phone, and unable to 　5　 or wash myself. I couldn’t grasp anything:  a fork or spoon was too 　6　 to pick up.  However, I saw a glimpse hope and was inspired by other patients with 　7　 like mine in the recovery center. The first year was slow and I didn’t see much 　8　. But I had to learn to be 　9　 with myself and to enjoy every 　10　 going forward. I was determined to walk again, so giving up was no longer a(n) 　11　. I struggled hard on my recovery(康复) and still do to this day. I’m now moving my legs and arms on my own, doing things like swimming and yoga. All of this is 　12　 my doctors wrong, and is turning the page from the impossible to the possible.  My family, friends and team encourage me to 　13　 to work harder. I believe that this difficulty is an opportunity to 　14　 and become stronger. I’m sure my story will inspire others not to 　15　.  If I learned one lesson from my car accident, it’s this:  never give up on hope.  【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者在车祸中严重受伤, 医生下结论说他将四肢瘫痪, 经过一年的阴霾后, 作者受到其他病人的鼓舞决心重新站起来, 最终他成功了, 他从这场车祸中学到最宝贵的一课就是永不放弃, 并希望自己的故事鼓舞别人不要放弃。1. A. while　　　B. after　　　C. before　 　D. because【解析】选A。while当……时; after在……之后; before在……之前; because因为。根据本空后的“I was driving home. ”可知, 我正开车回家时(while), 我的车被追尾了。2. A. guessed B. experimentedC. concluded D. showed【解析】选C。guess猜想;  experiment试验; conclude推断, 作结论; show展示。根据本空后的“I was a quadriplegic and told me. . . ”可知, 医生定论(conclude)我成为了四肢瘫痪者。3. A. up B. down C. forward D. inside【解析】选B。up向上; down向下; forward向前; inside向内。四肢瘫痪自然是脖子以下不能动弹, 故B选项切题。4. A. looked   B. shook  C. held D. felt【解析】选D。look看; shake摇晃; hold握住; feel感觉。根据本空后的“like a heavy ball and I couldn’t hold it up. ”可知, 我感觉(feel)自己的头就像一个沉重的球, 抬不起来。5. A. see B. find C. feed D. touch【解析】选C。see看见; find发现; feed喂养; touch触摸。根据本空后的“or wash myself”可知, 我甚至不能自己吃东西和洗澡, 故C选项切题。6. A. heavy      B. strange     C. small D. large【解析】选A。heavy沉重的; strange奇怪的; small小的; large大的。根据本空前的“I couldn’t grasp anything”可知, 一个叉子或勺子对我来说都太沉(heavy)了, 拿不起来。7. A. fears  B. embarrassmentsC. shortcomings D. injuries【解析】选D。fear恐惧; embarrassment尴尬; shortcoming缺点; injury伤痛、受伤。根据本空后的“like mine in the recovery center. ”可知, 康复中心的这些人和我一样都受了伤(injuries)。8. A. movement    B. success C. progress D. influence【解析】选C。movement移动、运动; success成功; progress进步; influence影响。根据本空前的“The first year was slow and I didn’t see much”可知, 第一年恢复很慢, 我看不到太大的进展(progress)。9. A. satisfied     B. patient C. strict D. pleased【解析】选B。satisfied满意的; patient耐心的; strict严厉的; pleased高兴的。第一年恢复很慢, 我看不到太大的进展, 但是我必须学会对自己有耐心(patient)。10. A. moment      B. sight C. result D. sign【解析】选A。moment时刻; sight视力; result结果; sign记号。我必须学会对自己有耐心并享受进步的每一个瞬间(moment)。11. A. method B. choiceC. introduction D. aim【解析】选B。method方法; choice选择; introduction介绍; aim目的。根据本空前的“I was determined to walk again, so giving up was no longer a(n)”可知, 我决心重新站起来, 所以放弃不再是一种选择(choice)。12. A. testing     B. pointing C. blaming D. proving【解析】选D。test测试; point指出; blame责备; prove证明。根据本空后的“my doctors wrong, and is turning the page from the impossible to the possible. ”可知, 这一切都证明(prove)了定论我四肢瘫痪的医生是错误的。13. A. continue       B. stop C. return D. start【解析】选A。continue继续; stop停止; return返回; start开始。根据本空前的“My family, friends and team encourage me to”可知, 我的家人、朋友和团队都鼓励我继续(continue)努力。14. A. increase     B. move C. grow D. exercise【解析】选C。increase增加; move移动; grow成长; exercise锻炼。根据本空后的“and become stronger”可知, 我相信这个困难是让自己成长(grow)和变得更强的机会。15. A. slow down B. give upC. carry on  D. fall behind【解析】选B。slow down减速; give up放弃; carry on继续; fall behind落后。根据本空后的“never give up on hope. ”可知, 我确信我的故事会鼓励别人不要放弃(give up)。Ⅲ. 书面表达(2019·重庆高一检测)假定你是李华, 正在英国接受英语培训, 住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson 不在家, 你准备外出, 请给Mrs Wilson 写一留言条, 内容包括: 1. 外出购物2. 替房东还书3. Tracy 来电话留言: 1)咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消2)此事已告知Susan3)尽快回电注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯Dear Mrs Wilson, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Mrs Wilson,  I’m going out shopping, and won’t be back until about 5: 00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She has already told Susan about this change. She wanted you to call her back as soon as you get home. Yours, Li Hua【补偿训练】(2019·黄石高一检测)The impression you make at the beginning of an interview is very important. Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview. They judge you by your appearance, attitude(态度) and manners. A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important. A smile shows a confident(自信的) and positive attitude. When you introduce yourself,  make eye contact with the interviewer. Some interviewers offer a handshake. Others don’t. Try to be as natural as possible. But pay attention to your body language. The way you sit, walk, gesture, use your voice and show feelings on your face is all part of your body language. It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. Are you feeling positively about yourself? Your abilities? Your interest in the job? Speak clearly and loudly enough. Show interest and enthusiasm in your voice. When you speak,  look at the interviewer. Also,  don’t say negative things about yourself,  or former employer. Listen to questions carefully. If you don’t understand a question,  ask the interviewer to repeat or explain: “I’m sorry,  but I didn’t catch that. ”“I’m not sure exactly what you mean. ”Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview. Interviewers know that. They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed. But they expect you to try to control your nervousness. They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job. At the end of the interview,  thank the interviewer for her or his time. It’s a good idea to send a short thank-you letter right after the interview,  or deliver it by hand. Phone the company if you have not heard anything after one week. Ask if they have made a decision about the job. Good luck! 【语篇概述】文章主要介绍了在面试时如何在言行举止上给对方留下好印象的方法。1. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.  A. you should always put on a smile when meeting the employerB. you should stand still with respect before the employerC. the first impression is very important in an interviewD. employers understand and like employees’ nervousness【解析】选C。推理判断题。面试中给面试官的第一印象非常重要, 面试时应显得热情一些, 不能拘谨、不能过分紧张, 但不能过分做作, 故选C。2. Why should we pay attention to our body language? A. Because it can help us win the employer’s positive impression. B. Because it can help us feel about the employer. C. Because it is needed by our employer. D. Because we need it to improve our feelings. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. ”可知, 故选A。3. The main purpose of the passage is ______.  A. to give you some advice on the art of finding a jobB. to tell right from wrong about job interviewsC. to explain why we should do something about an interviewD. to suggest not being shy in an interview【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文向参加面试者提出一些忠告及建议, 但也不能说这些做法对, 而别的做法是错的, 故选A。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. A Friendly SmileB. Making a Good ExpressionC. Don’t Be NervousD. Sending a Thank-You Letter【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章介绍了在面试时如何在言行、举止上给对方留下好印象; 选项A、C、D仅是其中的一些措施。