（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修1Unit4Earthquakes 学案 （教师版）

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浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修1Unit4Earthquakes 学案重点单词·巧记Ⅰ. 核心单词1. burst 　　　 vi. 爆裂; 爆发     n. 突然破裂; 爆发2. ruin    n. 废墟; 毁灭     vt. 毁灭; 使破产3. destroy   vt. 破坏; 毁坏; 消灭 4. rescue   n. &vt. 援救; 营救5. trap    vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱; 困境6. bury    vt. 埋葬; 掩埋; 隐藏7. damage   n. &vt. 损失; 损害8. earthquake  n. 地震9. event    n. 事件; 大事10. suffering    n. 苦难; 痛苦11. track    n. 轨道; 足迹; 痕迹12. disaster   n. 灾难; 灾祸13. shelter   n. 掩蔽; 掩蔽处; 避身处14. sincerely   adv. 真诚地; 真挚地15. electricity  n. 电; 电流; 电学Ⅱ. 拓展单词1. nation n. 民族; 国家; 国民→national adj. 国家的, 民族的2. extreme adj. 极度的→extremely adv. 极其, 非常3. injure vt. 损害; 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的→injury n. 伤害; 损害4. survive vt. &vi. 幸存, 生还, 比……活得长→survivor n. 幸存者; 生还者; 残存物→survival n. 幸存, 生还5. useless adj. 无用的; 无效的; 无益的→useful adj. 有用的6. shock n. 休克; 打击; 震惊 vt. &vi. (使)震惊; 震动→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的7. frighten vt. 使惊吓; 吓唬→frightened adj. 受惊的; 受恐吓的→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的8. congratulate vt. 祝贺→congratulation n. 祝贺; (pl. )贺词9. judge n. 裁判员; 法官 vt. 断定; 判断; 判决→judgement n. 判断10. express vt. 表示; 表达n. 快车; 速递→expression n. 词语; 表示; 表达核心短语·闪记1. right away　　   立刻; 马上 2. be proud of     以……为自豪 3. judging from    从……判断 4. be trapped in    陷入 5. be buried in    埋头于 6. think little/nothing of  以为……没什么了不起 7. in ruins      严重受损; 破败不堪 8. dig out      掘出; 发现 9. a (great) number of   许多; 大量的 10. as if      仿佛, 好像 经典句式·速记1. 【句型公式】: too. . . to. . . 太……以至于不能……In the farmyards,  the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat(太紧张以至于不吃东西).  2. 【句型公式】: as if 引导表语从句It seemed as if the world was at an end(仿佛到了世界末日)!  3. 【句型公式】: everywhere引导状语从句 Everywhere they looked (他们无论朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed.  4. 【句型公式】: all. . . not 部分否定All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 1. “真诚; 诚实”家族①sincere 　　 adj. 真诚的sincerely    adv. 真诚地②genuine    adj. 真诚的; 真心的genuinely    adv. 真诚地; 诚实地③hearty    adj. 亲切的; 真诚的; 热诚的heartiness   n. 诚实; 热心④honest    adj. 诚实的; 正直的honesty    n. 诚实; 正直; 坦诚2. “think+副词+of”短语荟萃①think little of 　　 认为……没什么了不起②think highly of   重视; 看得起 ③think well of   重视 ④think poorly of   轻视 ⑤think badly of   认为……不好Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)　　When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month,  a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,  one activist,  dressed in a full-body monkey suit,  had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:  “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)! ”The creative team behind“Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,  spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case,  one of a realistic-looking ape. Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact,  Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization,  which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,  is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. Already,  a number of films,  including “Water for Elephants”,  “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”,  have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly. In some cases,  it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;  it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States,  which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States. Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务1. 翻译黑体字标出的单词和短语。①digitalized　　　 adj.  数字化的②image    n. 图像③hot     adj. 热衷于④nonprofit   adj.  非营利的⑤keep tabs on   监视, 密切注意⑥off-set training  偏离轨道的训练2. 用一句话总结文章大意。Animals activists give thanks to the filmmakers of “ Rise of the Planet of the Apes”,  who used a new technology to create digitalized animals,  while in many other films animals’ treatment is still a concern because they are not treated properly.  Ⅰ. 重点词汇1. burst vi. (burst,  burst)爆裂; 爆发 n. 突然破裂; 爆发【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (P26)在城市里, 一些建筑物的水管破裂了。【词块必记】(1)burst in　　 　　　　　   突然闯进; 突然出现burst into. . .        闯入……burst with joy/anger      心花怒放/勃然大怒burst into laughter=burst out laughing          突然大笑起来 burst into tears=burst out crying  突然大哭起来(2)a burst of       一阵……【语境速测】 单句语法填空①Seeing her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish behavior,  she burst into tears. ②With a burst of laughter,  Wang Xifeng burst into the room,  whose flattering(谄媚的) words made Mrs Jia burst with joy. 【写作金句】 Reading The Emperor’s New Clothes,  I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness. 读了《皇帝的新装》, 我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。2. ruin n. [U]毁灭; 毁坏; 崩溃;  [常用复数]废墟; 遗迹 v. (使)毁坏; 毁灭; 成为废墟; 使破产【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. (P26)十五秒钟内, 一座大城市变成了一片废墟。【词块必记】(1)lie/be in ruins　　 成为废墟 fall into ruin    毁灭; 毁坏 bring. . . to ruin  使……毁灭; 使……没落(2)ruin one’s health/fame/future       毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途【语境速测】 单句语法填空①They saw by the light of the moon that part of the city lay in ruins. ②He is now brought to ruin,  but he has seen better days. 【写作金句】 If visitors compare the magnificent park with the ruins of Yuanming Yuan in Beijing,  they will keep in mind the sufferings of our nation in modern history. 如果参观者对比一下公园的壮丽和北京圆明园的废墟, 他们就会铭记我们民族在现代历史上遭受的苦难。 3. injure vt.  (injures,  injuring,  injured) 损害; 伤害【教材原句】Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. (P26)三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。【词块必记】(1)be/get injured　　　　　　　　　 受伤(2)the injured        伤者; 伤员(3)do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.  伤害某人【语境速测】 单句语法填空①The injured were flown to hospital immediately they got injured (injure) in the car accident. ②The injured(injure)man was lying motionless on his back. ③Any injury to a child is a cause of great concern to us. ④Two players are out of the team because of injury(injure). 4. shock vt. &vi (使)震惊; 震动 n. 休克; 打击; 震惊【教材原句】Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. (P26)井里没有水了, 而是填满了沙子。人们感到非常震惊。【词块必记】(1)be shocked by/at. . . 　对……感到震惊be shocked to do. . .   因做……而震惊(2)in shock    震惊地; 休克(3)shocking    adj. 令人震惊的【语境速测】 单句语法填空①Shocked (shock) by the sad news,  she broke out in tears. ②We felt curious (as to) how she received the shocking(shock)news. 【写作金句】 It is like a sleeping lion that will surely shock the world once it wakes up. 它像一头睡狮, 一旦醒来就会震惊世界。5. judge n. 裁判员; 法官vt. 断定; 判断; 判决【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges. (P30)你的演讲是由五位评委聆听的。【词块必记】(1)judge sb. /sth. by/from　　 从……判断某人/某物judging by/from     根据……判断as far as I can judge=in my judgement         据我判断; 我认为(2) make a judgement about  对……做出判断【语境速测】 单句语法填空①Judging (judge) from his experience,  we could draw the conclusion that we shouldn’t judge a person from/by his appearance. 完成句子②Judging from their speeches,  Chinese leaders are increasingly anxious about air and water pollution.  从他们的讲话中可以得知, 中国领导人正越来越关注空气污染和水污染问题。Ⅱ. 经典句式6. All hope was not lost. 并非所有的希望都破灭了。【句型公式】(1)all,  both,  each,  every,  everybody,  everything,  complete,  completely,  always,  whole,  wholly, entirely,  altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用, 构成部分否定, 表示“不是都; 并非都”。(2)no,  none,  never,  nobody,  nothing,  neither,  no one, nowhere,  no more,  no longer,  no way等表达否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用, 构成“全部否定”。【语境速测】 翻译句子①All managers present don’t agree with his opinion. 并非所有在场的经理都同意他的观点。②None of the managers present agree with his opinion. 没有一个在场的经理同意他的观点。【写作金句】 Nothing in the world is difficult if he sets his mind to it. 世上无难事, 只怕有心人。【备选要点】1. bury vt. 埋葬; 掩埋; 隐藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)军队组织队伍挖出受困的人, 并且埋葬死者。 【词块必记】(1)bury oneself in=be buried in 　　  埋头于; 专心于(2)be buried in thought       陷入沉思bury one’s face/head in one’s hands  双手掩面/抱头【知识拓展】表示“专心于, 致力于”的表达还有:  be devoted to;  be absorbed in;  be lost in;  be occupied with; focus/concentrate on;  fix one’s attention on等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空①She buried her face in the roses,  drinking in the fragrance. ②Buried(bury) in his books,  he didn’t notice his mother come into the room. ③He held her closely,  burying(bury)his head against her shoulder. ④He buried(bury) his face in his hands and wept. 【写作金句】 Bury the old world and build new one. 埋葬旧世界, 建立新世界。 2. express vt. 表示; 表达 n. 快车; 速递【典型例句】His views have been expressed in numerous speeches. 他已在无数次发言中表达了自己的观点。【词块必记】(1)express oneself 　  表达自己的思想、感情等(2)expression     n. 表达, 表示, 表情 【语境速测】 单句语法填空①His expression(express) on the face suggested that he was not satisfied with the result. ②The figures are expressed (express)in terms of a percentage /in percentage terms.  完成句子③Obviously,  hip-hop dancing is a way to express oneself (表达自我)freely,  to relieve the pressure from family,  school life in general.  3. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日!  【句型公式】It seemed (to sb. ) as if. . . (对某人来说)似乎……(1)如果as if所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况, 句子要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时, 从句用虚拟语气: ①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)③从句谓语动词用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)【语境速测】 单句语法填空①Though the local villagers were poor,  they offered their clothes and food as if I were (be) their own family. ②Tom raised his right hand as if to say (say) something.  句型转换③They were talking in a whisper,  so they seemed to be saying something secret. →They were talking in a whisper,  so it seemed as if they were saying something secret.  Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2020·浙江高考)Seeing Elli and me nearly beaten by the bear,  the rescuers (rescue) told me to spray him in his eyes using pepper spray in a loud voice.  2. (2020·浙江高考)At 9: 30 am,  the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9: 33 am,  a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. 3. (2020·天津高考)Jones was shocked (shock) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. 4. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) If you do,  you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (ruin) everyone’s day. 5. (2020·江苏高考)I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless (use). Ⅱ. 完成句子1. Both of the two math problems are not very difficult. =Not both of the two math problems are very difficult.  这两道数学题并非都很难。2. By doing so,  I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.  通过这样做,  我不仅可以与别人分享好想法也学会清晰地表达自己。3. Buried in his book, he didn’t know it was raining outside.  由于他埋头于书本,  所以不知道外面下雨了。4. They thought little of my suggestion,  which made me a little upset.  他们对我的建议不以为然, 这使我有点难过。5. Shocked at the sad news, Tom stood there still,  not knowing what to say.  听到这个难过的消息, 汤姆很震惊, 一动不动地站在那里, 不知道说什么。Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)　　One night,  a big earthquake hit our city. With the pipes 1. bursting (burst) and the electricity cut off,  nearly everything was destroyed and a great number of buildings lay 2. in ruins. Some citizens were badly injured;  others 3. were buried (bury) in the ruins. It seemed as 4. if/though the whole world was at 5. an end!  The next day,  this event was the headline of all newspapers. The whole nation 6. was shocked (shock) by the damage. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying “7. Congratulations (congratulate)!  You survived! ”So they not only 8. expressed (express) their sympathy sincerely,  but also organized some activities 9. to help(help) the victims. Unluckily,  not all the 10. injured (injure) were rescued in time and the dead had to be buried at once. Finally, thanks to the help of the whole nation,  the loss was minimized.  Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)　　When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,  fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, ” says Cree McCree,  project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us, ” says Michael Massimi,  an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,  but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year,  so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,  at least here in New York. ” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 【文章大意】时装设计师正在把海狸鼠的皮毛做成时装进行促销, 这不是犯罪。因为海狸鼠属于美国的外来物种, 它们正在毁坏着美国的环境和生态系统。1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Cree McCree说的话“谈论没有罪恶的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你了解每年海狸鼠正在毁坏大片的湿地。”可以推断, 在新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办的时装展是为了促销海狸鼠的皮毛做成的时装。故选A。2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species. C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知, 科学家关心海狸鼠是因为它们正在严重地毁坏美国的生态系统, 破坏环境。故选A。3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. 　　　　　　 B. Became mature. C. Remained stable.    D. Crashed. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。collapsed所在的句子的意思是: 皮毛交易使海狸鼠在数十年中得到控制, 但是海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代后期崩溃了, 这种和猫一样大的动物疯狂繁殖。collapse表示“崩溃, (价格、货币等)暴跌”, crash也有此意。故选D。4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A. It’s formal.    B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful.    D. It’s traditional. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Morgan说的话“为了给人们一种无罪恶感的选择, 那就是他们可以穿海狸鼠皮毛时装, 没有人会指责他们——我认为指责是大规模的事情, 至少在纽约是这样的。”可以推断出, 在纽约穿皮毛时装会遭到严厉的反对, 所以在纽约穿这样的衣服是很冒险的。故选B。【微技能点拨】　如何做词义猜测题本文中第3题为词义猜测题, 根据策略解题如下: Step 1　看本词所在的上下文: collapsed所在的句子的意思是: 皮毛交易使海狸鼠在数十年中得到控制, 但是海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代后期崩溃了, 这种和猫一样大的动物疯狂繁殖。collapse表示“崩溃, (价格、货币等)暴跌”。Step 2　对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 　D　。 【语用提能】话题词汇environmentalist; showcase;  destroy;  collapse;  multiply;  promote;  massive;  eco-friendly 短语bring back;  end up;  let go;  in check;  like crazy;  bring in;  come around to;  morally acceptable;  come up with熟词新义cross v. 浮现在(脑海中) green adj. 绿色的, 环保的【微语法填空】(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C改编)　　阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。　　Different 1. from our traditional thoughts,  some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur 2. made (make) from nutria(海狸鼠),  3. which sounds crazy. 　　The reason for this is that the nutria 4. are destroying (destroy)vast wetlands every year currently.  5. Brought(bring) from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild,  6. the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.  　　To give people a guilt-free option 7. that they can wear without someone 8. throwing(throw) paint on them is going to be a massive thing,  To make it 9. normally(normal) acceptable,  someone suggests coming up with a label to show 10. it is eco-friendly. Ⅱ. 话题与写作(2020·浙江1月高考)假定你是李华, 你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛, 请给你的英国朋友 George 写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括: 1. 比赛时间; 2. 演讲话题; 3. 报名方式。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 1　写作技巧①词汇升级(高级词汇)I’m writing to invite you to take part in a Chinese Speech Contest to be held. →I’m writing to invite you to participate in a Chinese Speech Contest to be held.  ②句式多变(使用被动句)On the theme of “First impression on China”, our school will launch the competition in the school auditorium on January 17th at 6 p. m. →On the theme of “First impression on China”,  the competition is scheduled to be launched in the school auditorium on January 17th at 6 p. m.  Step 2　妙笔成篇Dear George, Knowing that you are quite fluent and expert in Mandarin,  I’m writing to invite you to participate in a Chinese Speech Contest to be held. On the theme of “First impression on China”,  the competition is scheduled to be launched in the school auditorium on January 17th at 6 p. m. Undoubtedly,  your abundant experience and outstanding presentation skills will allow you to win out in the contest. So if you’re interested,  please sign up for it on the school website before January 15th. Looking forward to your involvement. Wish you a great success! Yours, Li Hua