2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共24页。

2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：基础知识考查（每小题1分，共30小题, 满分 30 分）
选词填空
A. exploration B. substitute C. compliment D. emergency E. tendency

1. An outbreak of fire or an accident is an ________.
2. I have a ________ to talk too much when I am nervous.
3. Reduced-calorie cheese is a great________ for cream cheese.
4. The boss gave her a ________ because of her diligence.
5. They will begin their ________ to Antarctica next month.
【答案】1. D 2. E
3. B 4. C
5. A
【解析】
【分析】
【1题详解】
考查名词。句意：突发火灾或事故是紧急情况。不定冠词an后接名词的单数形式。emergency 突发事件；紧急状态。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查名词。句意：我一紧张就容易说得太多。have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事。故选E。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意：低热量奶酪是奶油奶酪的极好替代品。形容词great后接名词形式，根据前面不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。substitute替代品。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意：因为她勤奋，老板表扬了她。不定冠词a后接名词的单数形式。compliment 称赞。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们下个月将开始南极探险。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式。exploration探索。故选A。
选词填空
A. promote B. circulate C. consume D. betray E. transform

6. A new color match will ________ your bedroom.
7. We need to ________ the sales in Asian market .
8. Rumors began to ________about his financial problems .
9. I suspect them of nothing, I would swear they would never ________ me.
10. The electricity industry can _________large amounts of fossil fuels.
【答案】6. E 7. A
8. B 9. D
10. C
【解析】
【分析】
【6题详解】
考查动词。句意：一种新的颜色搭配会改变你的卧室。情态动词will后接动词原形。transform改变。符合句意。故选E。
【7题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们需要促进在亚洲市场的销售。need to do sth.需要做某事。promote促进。符合句意。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词。句意：关于他的财务问题的谣言开始流传。begin to do sth开始做某事。circulate传播。符合句意。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词。句意：我一点也不怀疑他们，我发誓他们决不会背叛我。情态动词would后接动词原形。betray背叛。符合句意。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词。句意：电力工业可以消耗大量的化石燃料。情态动词can后接动词原形。consume消耗。符合句意。故选C。
选词填空
A. relevant B. artificial C. confidential D. extreme E. commercial

11. ________documents were presented in court yesterday.
12. I must stress that everything I’ve told you is strictly __________.
13. The room was decorated with _________ flowers.
14. The heat in the desert is ________ .
15. The TV show was interrupted by too many ________advertisements.
【答案】11. A 12. C
13. B 14. D
15. E
【解析】
【分析】
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有关文件昨日在法庭上出示。修饰名词documents，前用形容词形式。relevant相关的。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我必须强调我告诉你的一切都是绝对机密。副词strictly后接形容词形式在句中作表语。confidential秘密的；机密的。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：房间里装饰着人造花。修饰名词flowers，前用形容词形式。artificial人造的。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：沙漠里酷热难耐。用形容词形式在句中作表语。extreme极度的；极端的。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：电视节目被太多的商业广告打断了。修饰名词advertisements，前用形容词形式。commercial商业的。故选E。
选词填空
A. initially B. instantly C. casually D. merely E. basically

16. He found some old photos in the drawer ________ .
17. ________, I disagreed with his proposal, but later I agreed .
18. Her voice is ________ recognizable.
19. I accepted this job __________ for the high salary.
20. ___________, the article can be summarized in three sentences.
【答案】16. C 17. A
18. B 19. D
20. E
【解析】
【分析】
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：他在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。修饰动词found用副词形式。casually偶然地。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：起初我不同意他的建议，但后来我同意了。修饰整个句子，用副词形式作状语。initially起初。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的声音立即就能识别出来。修饰形容词recognizable 用副词形式。instantly立即地。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：我只是因为薪水高才接受这份工作。修饰整个句子，用副词形式作状语。merely仅仅；只不过。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：这篇文章基本上可以概括为三句话。修饰整个句子，用副词形式作状语。basically 基本上；主要地。故选E。
选词填空
A. tentative B. superior C. isolated D. fragrant E. portable

21. The shampoo leaves your hair smelling deliciously fresh and ________.
22. He found that little TV extremely________.
23 Brand-building in the west by Chinese companies is at ________stage.
24. Unfortunately, this is not an ________ incident.
25. Their ________ military strength gives them a huge advantage.
【答案】21. D 22. E
23. A 24. C
25. B
【解析】
【分析】
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：洗发水让你的头发闻起来清新芳香。结合句意，分析句子可知and连接并列成分作表语，和fresh并列应该使用形容词fragrant，意为“芳香的；香的”。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他发现那台小电视机非常轻便。分析句子可知需要形容词作宾语补足语，填入portable，意为“便携式的”符合题意。故选E项。。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国企业在西方的品牌建设处于初步阶段。分析句子可知需要形容词作定语，修饰名词stage，用tentative，意为“实验性的 ；暂定的 ；不确定的 ”符合题意。故选A项。。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，这不是一个孤立的事件。分析句子可知需要形容词作定语，修饰名词incident，填入isolated ，意为“ 孤零零的；孤独的 ；孤立的 ”符合题意。故选C项 。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们优越的军事实力给了他们巨大的优势。分析句子可知需要形容词作定语，修饰名词短语military strength，填入superior ，意为“ 优越的 ；更胜一筹”符合题意。故选B项。
选词填空
A. in case of B. on behalf of C.no wonder D. at liberty E. in conclusion

26. He had made a thorough investigation, ________he knew so much about it.
27. ________ the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you.
28. He has just installed a safety device for his car ________ break failure.
29. ________, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
30. All people are ________ to express his own opinion.
【答案】26. C 27. B
28. A 29. E
30. D
【解析】
【分析】
【26题详解】
考查短语。句意：他做了彻底的调查，难怪他对这件事知道得那么多。no wonder难怪。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查短语。句意：我谨代表全体员工对您表示最热烈的欢迎。on behalf of代表。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查短语。句意：他刚刚为他的汽车安装了一种以防抛锚的安全装置。in case of以防。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查短语。句意：总之，散步是一种便宜、安全、愉快且容易获得的锻炼方式。in conclusion总之。故选E。
【30题详解】
考查短语。句意：每个人都有表达自己观点的自由。at liberty自由； 随意。故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节: (共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Top Things to Do With Kids in London
Play at the Museum of London Docklands
Address: No. 1 Warehouse,London E14 4AL, the UK
The Museum of London Docklands has a great play area called "Mudlarks." Everything is themed around life in the London docks, so big kids can weigh goods or put tea sets into a model ship while the smaller kids get to move around and play with large foam(泡沫） bananas and London buses or pretend to drive a DLR (Docklands Light Railway) train.
Take a Picture in Kensington Gardens
Address: London W22UH, the UK
Stop by the bronze statue of the fictional character Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, which is located next to Hyde Park, for the opportunity to take a photo and even read one of the famous Peter Pan stories by J.M.Barrie. The exact location of the statue was chosen by Barries,who lived close to Kensington Gardens and published his first Peter Pan story in 1902 using the park for inspiration.
Explore the London Dungeon
Address: The Queen's Walk, London SE1 7PB, the UK
The London Dungeon calls itself "the world's most famous horror attraction". The new London dungeon, which moved from Tooley Street to its new home near County Hall and the London Eye and cost millions of pounds to build, features live actors dressed in scary clothes as historical figures, realistic special effects and two breathtaking rides to bring back a thousand years of London's dark past.
See the Animals at the London Zoo
Address: Outer Circle,London NW1 4RY, the UK
The London Zoo is an excellent family day out for kids and adults, and once you're inside you can easily spend a whole day there. Daily events include a tropical bird tour, the Megabugs Live show, a showcase of big fish, and an event known as Giraffe High Tea as well as shows with birds and small animals at the Animals in Action Amphitheatre.
31. What can you learn about the Museum of London Docklands?
A. It provides Mudlarks for parents to rest.
B. Its play area is suitable for kids of all ages.
C. Big kids can make foam bananas for small kids there.
D. Kids can have the chance of driving a Docklands Light Railway train.
32. When exploring the London Dungeon visitors
A. would learn more about London's history
B. could understand the reason and process of its relocation
C. will experience two breathtaking rides around London
D. can dress up as historical figures to create London's history
33. If you want to enjoy a tropical bird tour, you can go to
A. The Queen's Walk,London SE1 7PB, the UK
B. London W22UH,the UK
C. Outer Circle,London NW1 4RY, the UK
D. No.1 Warehouse,London E14 4AL,the UK
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四个可以带孩子一起去体验和参观的地点的详细情况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“so big kids can weigh goods or put tea sets into a model ship while the smaller kids get to move around and play with large foam(泡沫） bananas and London buses or pretend to drive a DLR (Docklands Light Railway) train.”可知，大一点的孩子可以称货物的重量，或者把茶具放进轮船模型中，而小一点的孩子可以四处走动，玩大泡沫香蕉和伦敦巴士，或者假装驾驶一辆码头轻轨火车。无论是大孩子还是小孩子都可以在这里找到乐趣，即：它适合各个年龄阶段的孩子。故选B项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“live actors dressed in scary clothes as historical figures, realistic special effects and two breathtaking rides to bring back a thousand years of London's dark past（真人演员穿着恐怖的服装扮成历史人物，逼真的特技效果，以及两场惊险的骑行，重现伦敦一千年的黑暗历史。）”可知，游客在London Dungeon可以了解历史人物和一千年以前的黑暗历史，故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Daily events include a tropical bird tour”可知动物园的日常活动包括热带鸟表演，如果你想享受热带鸟之旅，你可以去Outer Circle,London NW1 4RY, the UK。故选C项。
B
阅读理解。
Where should an adventurous tourist go? After you've done sightseeing in London, shopping in New York, tasted the local food in Paris, and danced to your heart's content at the Brazilian Carnival, where else can you go? What exotic (异国风情的) tourist destination awaits you?

Well, Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime! It's considered the last great wilderness on Earth. Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope with the low temperatures.
Tourism began in Antarctica in the 1950s and it's still a small scale. About 37,000 tourists are expected there this season, but many won't even leave the boat.
The BBC's Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment. Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave footprints and they all go to the same place, the accessible coastline, which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed.
But some people believe that if carefully controlled, tourism can be good for Antarctica. It has no native population and it needs advocates. Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to fund its preservation. And they're likely to engage in the discussion about global warming, which has led to the melting of glaciers.
According to Rix, guidelines are followed when you're about to set foot in Antarctica and tourists have to disinfect (为……消毒) their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced.
And once on land, there's no eating or smoking. Rocks, bone fragments — nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind. Tourists fortunate enough to visit Antarctica must be aware that this is not their home and keep their fingers crossed that future generations will also be able to enjoy such breathtaking views.
34. According to the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Antarctica has become the best place for people to travel
B. only scientists can be allowed to go to Antarctica
C. Antarctica is less affected by human activities
D. no animals can survive in Antarctica except penguins
35. Juliet Rix's travel in Antarctica mentioned in the fourth paragraph indicates that ________.
A. governments should take measures to stop tourists from going to Antarctica
B. whether tourists should go to Antarctica or not should be considered carefully
C. the animals' habitat in Antarctica has been seriously affected by tourism
D. only journalists begin to pay attention to the environmental protection in Antarctica
36. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Rix?
A. Tourists can eat and smoke in Antarctica.
B. Tourists can take something they like from Antarctica.
C. Tourists can throw away something they don't need in Antarctica.
D. Tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery in Antarctica.
37. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Why can't tourists go to Antarctica?
B. How can tourists go to Antarctica?
C. Should tourists go to Antarctica?
D. Are tourists allowed to go to Antarctica?
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个具有野生色彩的地方Antarctica，在这片土地上只有一些科学家和一些动物生存，这里的旅游业是在20世纪50年代开放的，并告知了在这片土地上旅游应该注意哪些事情等。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句“It's considered the last great wilderness on Earth.”可知，它被认为是地球上最后的不毛之地。由此可推知，南极洲受人类活动的影响较小。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“asked herself if she should be there at all, causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment”以及“Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave footprints and they all go to the same place”可推知，人们是否应该去南极洲旅游应认真地考虑一下。故选B。
【36题详解】
正误判断题。根据最后一段的“there's no eating or smoking. Rocks, bone fragments — nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind”可知，A、B、C三项的说法均与原文不符；根据文章结尾处“to enjoy such breathtaking views”可知，游客可以在南极洲欣赏到美丽的景色。故选D。
【37题详解】
标题归纳题。通读全文的内容可知，文章围绕的是“应该不应该去南极洲旅游？”这一话题，因此C项最适合作标题。故选C。
C
Almost all calligraphy(书法) lovers agree that writing characters with a brush and ink on straw paper offers a way to communicate with not only history and culture, but also oneself. But now Chinese character handwriting is under threat from computers and mobile phones.
A college graduate looking for a job was reportedly turned down by a company because he wrote 24 characters incorrectly in a 400­character handwritten resume. A survey by HorizonKey, covering people from 12 major cities in China, found that nearly one third of those interviewed often experience “character amnesia(遗忘)”， with 94 percent saying this is a problem for them.
The main reason is that most Chinese rely too much on the pinyin­based Chinese language input method, which is replacing the tradition of writing characters stroke(笔画) by stroke. The software will conveniently choose the right characters according to the context or word frequency, as there are dozens of characters with the same pronunciation in Chinese.
Education is another problem. In college, most homework and papers are printed out, instead of handwritten. And few teachers use chalk and blackboards, with Microsoft's PowerPoint the most­often used software to teach knowledge to students.
The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason why students are easily satisfied with just a poor knowledge of the Chinese language and characters. It is quicker to look up a character in an electronic dictionary, but traditional printed dictionaries offer more detailed information on the usage and meaning of the characters. Students pay more attention to remembering a character's pronunciation, but not the other knowledge related to it, which e­dictionaries rarely provide.
Another worry is the “pollution” of Chinese characters by Internet language. Young people regard using Internet language as cool and fashionable. After they learn to use these expressions, they automatically include them in their writing.
38. With the example of a college graduate, the author shows ________.
A. that practicing can improve writing
B. why certain people are poor writers
C. that there are differences in students' writing
D. why Chinese character handwriting is in great danger
39. By saying “...those interviewed often experience ‘character amnesia(遗忘)’”， the writer means those interviewed ________.
A. are not good at handwriting
B. can't write characters accurately
C. show no interest in handwriting
D. find jobs much more difficultly
40. What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 5?
A. Dependence on electronic devices.
B. Advantages of electronic dictionaries.
C. Mastery of knowledge of the characters.
D Disadvantages of published dictionaries.
41. What's the writer's attitude towards the Internet language?
A. Favorable. B. Uncaring.
C. Disapproving. D. Friendly.
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【详解】随着电脑上的汉语输入法、办公软件以及电子产品的影响，人们手写汉字的能力在减弱。
1.D 考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句可知，汉字书写面临电脑和手机的威胁，而第二段紧接着讲述了一名大学毕业生求职时被一家公司拒绝，因为他在一份400字的手写简历中写错了24个字；接下来的几段说明了汉字书写面临威胁的原因。由此可推知，作者用这个例子是为了阐释汉字书写处在威胁之中的原因。故选D。
2. B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“character amnesia(遗忘)”“problem”及所举一个大学毕业生书写多个错误汉字的例子可推知，作者在此表达受访者的汉字书写存在问题。故选B。
3. A 考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The number of electronic devices in the classroom is thought to be another reason...to look up a character in an electronic dictionary”可知，该段描述的是学生对电子产品过于依赖的现象。故选A。
4. C 考查推理判断。根据第六段的内容，尤其是第一句中的“pollution”可推知，作者对网络语言的使用持不赞成的态度。故选C。
D
Everyone who has eaten instant noodles knows that it’s very easy to cook them quickly. However, have you ever heard of the danger of eating them?
When taking out the noodles from the packaging, you will notice that they are joined together nicely as a piece. Do you know that it needs some form of wax coating (蜡涂层) to make them joined together nicely? Many people don’t really care much about it because this seems very normal. However, studies have shown that the wax coating is bad for our body.
It is advisable to have a break of 2-3 days before we start to eat another packet of instant noodles because our body needs about 3 days to clear that wax coating away. Do you know the danger of having too much wax coating in our stomach? It will lead to cancer if it is in our body for so long.
Luckily, there is a way of reducing the danger before we eat instant noodles. First, wash the noodles with warm water, stir (搅拌) them and pour away the water containing the wax coating. Then repeat the first step and try to stir them again to wash away the wax coating on the noodles before cooking them. The shop vendors (供应商) will often wash away the dangerous wax coating.
It is very easy to cook instant noodles but we must pay attention to the wax coating if we eat too much. Imagine having too much of it in your stomach. Oh, my! Hope this article will help more people know about the hidden danger!
42. What should you do before eating instant noodles according to the writer?
A. Stir the noodles twice in really cold water.
B. Stop the noodles from joining together.
C. Wash away the wax coating on the noodles.
D. Drink large amounts of warm or hot water.
43. How does the author feel about eating 2 packets of instant noodles in a day?
A. Healthy. B. Dangerous. C. Happy. D. Angry.
44. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The instant noodle. B. The hidden danger.
C. The attention. D. The wax coating.
45. The author writes this text mainly to _____ .
A. introduce delicious instant noodles to people.
B. tell people the danger of eating wax coating.
C. help us to know the good part of wax coating.
D. share with us a safer way to eat instant noodles.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者写这篇文章主要是告诉人们吃蜡涂层的危险。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中When taking out the noodles from the packaging, you will notice that they are joined together nicely as a piece. Do you know that it needs some form of wax coating (蜡涂层) to make them joined together nicely? ---However, studies have shown that the wax coating is bad for our body.（当你把面条从包装上拿出来的时候，你会注意到面条很好地连在一起。你知道它需要某种形式的蜡涂层使它们很好地结合在一起吗?---然而，研究表明蜡涂层对我们的身体有害。）根据作者的观点，在吃方便面之前你应该把面条上的蜡涂层洗掉。故选C。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段It is advisable to have a break of 2-3 days before we start to eat another packet of instant noodles because our body needs about 3 days to clear that wax coating away. Do you know the danger of having too much wax coating in our stomach? It will lead to cancer if it is in our body for so long.（明智的做法是在我们开始吃另一包方便面之前休息2-3天，因为我们的身体需要大约3天来清除蜡涂层。你知道胃里有太多蜡涂层的危险吗?它会导致癌症，如果它在我们的身体这么长时间。）可知，作者认为一天吃两包方便面是危险的。故选B。
【44题详解】
词义指代题。根据最后一段中It is very easy to cook instant noodles but we must pay attention to the wax coating if we eat too much. Imagine having too much of it in your stomach.（方便面很容易煮，但我们必须注意蜡涂层，如果我们吃得太多。想象一下，你的胃里有太多的蜡涂层。）由此可知此处it指代的是The wax coating。故选D。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段It is very easy to cook instant noodles but we must pay attention to the wax coating if we eat too much. Imagine having too much of it in your stomach. Oh, my! Hope this article will help more people know about the hidden danger!（方便面很容易煮，但我们必须注意蜡涂层，如果我们吃得太多。想象一下，你的胃里有太多的水。哦,我的天!希望这篇文章能帮助更多的人了解这个隐患!）由此可知，作者写这篇文章主要是告诉人们吃蜡涂层的危险。故选B。
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success? ___46___
Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.___47___ Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it. “Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good,” Gladwell writes. “It’s the thing you do that makes you good.”
Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours. ___48___ For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time. And when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates was 13, he was given access to a high school computer (one of the few available in the country), allowing him to practise computer programming for more than (Yes, you guessed it!) 10, 000 hours.
___49___ Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book. He’s got an IQ of between 195 and 210 (Albert Einstein’s IQ was estimated to have been between 160 and 180). As a boy at school, Langan was able to take an exam in a foreign language he’d never studied and pass it after just skim-reading a text book for three minutes. However, Langan never graduated from university and worked in labour-intensive jobs his whole life. This proves that intelligence alone will not lead to success—you need hard work, support, finance and opportunities. Gladwell adds, “No one — not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone.”
___50___ Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck. So, you could be the most amazing guitarist in the world, but unless you’re lucky enough to play in front of a record company executive who sees a way of exploiting that talent, you aren’t going to be seeing your name in lights.
A. It isn’t just a question of time and support.
B. Author Malcolm Gladwell thinks he knows.
C. That’s equal to three hours a day for 10 years.
D. Of course, many people argue that you can create your own “luck”.
E. The popular view is that some of us are born talented and others aren’t.
F. The interesting thing is that success has nothing to do with intelligence.
G. Someone who’s willing to practise something for 10,000 hours is probably active.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成功的要素：努力、智力、勤奋、（他人的）支持、财力和机会。
【46题详解】
考查段尾句。根据空前“Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success?（为什么有些人成功而其他人却不成功？成功的秘诀是什么？)”可知，B项（作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案）能够承接上文。该选项通过提到“作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案”在下文引出对这两个问题的回答。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.(Gladwell的许多想法都出现在他的社会心理学畅销书《离群值》中)”和空后“Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it.(Gladwell认为，这只是不做尝试的借口，如果你真的想擅长做某事，就必须努力)”可知，E项(流行的观点是，我们中有些人天生是有才华的，而另一些人则不是）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项在为前一句中的“Many of Gladwell’s ideas”举例子。故选E项。
【48题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours.(这本书的核心是“10,000小时规则”。这意味着，如果你想成为世界上最优秀的人之一，则你需要练习某件事达到10,000小时)”和空后“For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time.(例如，甲壳虫乐队在1960年至1964年之间在汉堡进行了超过1200次的现场演奏，这达到了10,000多个小时的演奏时间)”可知，C项（那就是每天练习三小时并持续了三年的时间）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项与前一句进行了一个数字上的转换计算，空格后的句子是在对选项进行举例说明。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book.(以书中提到的Christopher Langan为例)”可知，F项（有趣的是，成功与智力无关）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是在举例子说明该选项。故选F项。
【50题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck.(即使您投入了10,000个小时的练习，你仍然需要其他关键要素——运气)”可知，A项（这不仅仅是时间和获取支持的问题）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是对该选项的进一步说明，表示成功在努力之外也需要运气。故选A项。
第三部分 英语知识运用
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题中所给的四个选项（ABCD）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ___51___ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ___52___ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ___53___.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ___54___ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ___55___ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed ___56___ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ___57___ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ___58___ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair again ___59___. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the
___60___ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ___61___ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ___62___ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ___63___ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ___64___ struggling. ___65___ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ___66___ skills, Pruitt’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ___67___, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
“It’s a really great ___68___ for kids, ” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Pruitt is certainly providing a ___69___, but it’s not just the bikes. It’s the relationships in the community. It’s the ___70___ that he can make on people. ”
51. A. mad B. frightened C. curious D. amazed
52. A. career B. emotions C. route D. opinions
53. A. yet B. together C. instead D. ever
54. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
55. A. lack B. variety C. quality D. increase
56. A. permission B. qualification C. transportation D. instruction
57. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
58. A. hesitated B. refused C. remembered D. offered
59. A. on credit B. in advance C. for free D. by accident
60. A. excuse B. budget C. courage D. profit
61. A. expensive B. used C. shared D. modern
62. A. notices B. announcements C. advertisements D. enquiries
63. A. returned B. sold C. lent D. exported
64. A. slightly B. hardly C. truly D. instantly
65. A. Among B. Upon C. Beyond D. Without
66. A. practical B. mathematical C. commercial D. social
67. A. However B. Otherwise C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
68. A. comfort B. celebration C. promise D. experience
69. A. suggestion B. service C. ceremony D. competition
70. A. compromise B. impact C. impression D. progress
【答案】51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. B 61. B 62. D 63. A 64. C 65. C 66. A 67. D 68. D 69. B 70. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. mad生气的；B. frightened害怕的；C. curious好奇的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选A 。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. career事业；B. emotions情绪；C. route路线；D. opinions观点。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. yet然而；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. ever曾经。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. quality质量；D. increase增加。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. permission允许；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. instruction指令。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. hesitated犹豫；B. refused拒绝；C. remembered记得；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. on credit赊账；B. in advance提前；C. for free 免费；D. by accident偶然。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买人。A. excuse借口；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. profit利润。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. expensive昂贵的；B. used二手的；C. shared共享的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. notices通知；B. announcements公告；C. advertisements广告；D. enquiries询问。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选D。
【63题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. returned返回，返还；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. exported出口。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选A。
【64题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. slightly轻微地；B. hardly几乎不；C. truly真实地； D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
【65题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求之外，他还为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Among在……中间；B. Upon在……上；C. Beyond除了……之外；D. Without没有。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“除了满足物质需求之外”应用介词beyond。故选C。
【66题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. mathematical数学的；C. commercial商业的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
【67题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. comfort安慰；B. celebration庆祝；C. promise承诺；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
【69题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. suggestion建议；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. competition比赛。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impact影响；C. impression印象；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选B。
第Ⅱ卷
第一节：语法填空（共10题，每题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
From the first day I arrived in Kunming, I had my understanding of China ____71____ (change). Far from being narrow-minded and hostile to ____72____ (foreign) ，people came up to talk to me the first time I went out on the street. It happened to be all in Chinese, so I didn’t understand much, ____73____ it did cause me to rethink my assumptions.
As my Chinese improved, this continued throughout my stay, from my landlord introducing me to people who could help us learn Chinese to ____74____ (get) to know the couple who ran a noodle restaurant nearby.
If you’re interested in other people, their culture, and their language, they’ll be ____75____ (friend) to you. China isn’t ____76____ exception. Don’t judge a country by its media coverage, ____77____ (especial) some Western media, which have much prejudice.
I saw a very different kind of China with my own eyes. Kunming, ____78____ I lived for most of my stay, wasn’t much polluted. I had frank conversations with Chinese people about almost everything. Still China is developing，but the economic ____79____ (grow)means that most people _____80_____ (see) their living standards improve rapidly in the last 20 years. People I spoke with were generally optimistic about the future.
【答案】71. changed
72. foreigners
73. but 74. getting
75. friendly
76. an 77. especially
78. where 79. growth
80. have seen
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者来到昆明后真切的认识和感受中国的发展并真实解了中国。
【71题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从我来到昆明的第一天起，我对中国的理解就发生了变化。固定短语have sth. done让某事被做， my understanding of China与change在逻辑上是被动关系。故填changed。
【72题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我第一次走到街上的时候，人们非但没有狭隘和仇视外国人，反而走过来和我说话。介词to后接名词且句中无限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。故填foreigners。
【73题详解】
考查连词。句意：碰巧说的都是中文的，所以我不太懂，但它确实让我重新思考我的假设。前后句之间为转折关系。故填but。
【74题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我的中文水平的提高，从我的房东把我介绍给可以帮助我们学习中文的人，到认识附近开面馆的那对夫妇。分析句子结构可知，固定短语from…to…从……到……，to是介词，后面接动名词形式。故填getting。
【75题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你对其他人、他们的文化和语言感兴趣，他们会对你很友好。固定短语be friendly to对某人友好，be动词后接形容词。故填friendly。
【76题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国也不例外。可数名词exception是单数形式，泛指且发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
【77题详解】
考查副词。句意：不要通过媒体报道来判断一个国家，尤其是一些西方媒体，他们有很多偏见。especially是副词，意为“尤其”、“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。故填especially。
【78题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我大部分时间都住在昆明，那里的污染并不严重。先行词为Kunming，地点名词，在句中充当地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。故填where。
【79题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国仍在发展，经济增长意味着大多数人的生活水平在过去20年里迅速提高。形容词economic后接名词。growth不可数名词。故填growth。
【80题详解】
考查时态。句意：中国仍在发展，经济增长意味着大多数人的生活水平在过去20年里迅速提高。根据句中的时间状语in the last 20 years，可知这里的动词应用现在完成时。故填have seen。
第二节：短文改错（满分10分）
81. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Our school is holding an activity to help a school in the poor area, which not only help the students there enrich their lives but also enables us to feel the joy of sharing and appreciate it what we have by helping others.
Here is that we can do. First, we can donate our using books, clothes, basketballs, electronic products and so on to them. Second, we can write letters to them regular to share opinions and make friend with them. In addition, invite them to our homes to spend holidays is a good way, where may give them some unforgettable experiences.
You are all welcome to join in the activity do what you can to make the better world for us all!
【答案】1.help→helps
2.删除it
3.that→what
4.using→used
5. regular→regularly
6.  friend→ friends
7. invite→inviting
8.where→which
9.在do前加to
10.the→a
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己学校帮助一个贫困地区一所学校的活动的具体内容和措施。
【详解】1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校正在举办一场帮助贫困地区的学校的活动，这不仅帮助那里的学生丰富他们的生活，也使我们感到分享的快乐和通过帮助别人感激我们所拥有的。分析句子结构，which not only help the students there enrich their lives but also enables us to feel the joy of sharing and appreciate it what we have by helping others.是一个非限制性定语从句，由enables 可知，此处谓语动词help也需用一般现在时，先行词是前面的an activity，单数，所以此处定语从句的谓语动词需用单数helps。故将help改为helps。
2.考查动词。句意同上。此处动词appreciate 感激，及物动词，其后直接加连接词引导宾语从句，所以此处代词it多余。故将it删除。
3.考查表语从句。句意：这是我们能做的。此处“we can do”是表语从句，从句谓语动词do缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以此处需用连接代词what引导表语从句。故将that改为what。
4.考查形容词。句意：首先，我们可以捐赠我们的二手书，衣服，篮球，电子产品等给他们。此处表示二手书，即用过的书，所以需用形容词used作定语修饰后面名词。故将using改为used。
5.考查副词。句意：第二，我们可以定期给他们写信，与他们分享意见，交朋友。此处需用副词作状语修饰动词write。故将 regular改为regularly。
6.考查固定短语。句意同上。make friends with sb.和某人交朋友，固定短语。故将friend改为friends。
7.考查动名词。句意：此外，邀请他们到我们家里度假也是一个好方法，这可能会给他们一些难忘的经历。分析句子结构可知，此处需用动名词inviting作主语，动词invite不能作主语。故将invite改为inviting。
8.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故将where改为which。
9.考查动词不定式。句意：欢迎大家参加这个活动，尽你所能为我们创造一个更美好的世界！本句已有be动词are，所以此处需在名词 activity后用动词不定式作目的状语。故在do前加to。
10．考查冠词。句意同上。此处需用不定冠词a/an，泛指一个更美好的世界，better是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以此处需用不定冠词a。故将the改为a。
第三节 写作（满分25分）
82. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter 在中国象棋网络挑战赛(The Chinese Chess Network Challenge Competition) 中荣获一等奖。现在，请你给他写一封电子邮件，向他表示祝贺，要点如下：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 赞扬对方的付出；
3. 向对方学习 。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
It's wonderful that you have won first prize in the Chinese Chess Network Challenge Competition as a foreigner. I could hardly wait to express my sincere congratulations to you.
In the past few years, you have spent your abundant time improving your skills. It is your devotion, diligence and determination that lead to your success . You set a good example for me and push me to move forward. As a chess lover, I want to invite you to teach me chess skills in order to renew my level.
Please let me know when you are available. Best wishes to you.

Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter 在中国象棋网络挑战赛(The Chinese Chess Network Challenge Competition) 中荣获一等奖。现在，请你给他写一封电子邮件，向他表示祝贺。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
急切做某事：be eager to do→ could hardly wait to do
祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth→ express one’s sincere congratulations to sb.
大量的时间：enough time→ abundant time
提升水平：improve my level →renew my level
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句: In the past few years, you have spent your abundant time improving your skills.
拓展句: In the past few years, you have spent your abundant time improving your skills, which is diligent.
点睛】
[高分句型1] It's wonderful that you have won first prize in the Chinese Chess Network Challenge Competition as a foreigner. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] It is your devotion, diligence and determination that lead to your success .(运用了强调句型)