2022届山东省临沂市兰山区高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届山东省临沂市兰山区高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了答题前，考生务必用0，第Ⅱ卷必须用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届山东省临沂市兰山区高三上学期开学考试英语试题
本试卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do next week?
A. Meet a relative. B. Set a work schedule. C. Travel with her aunt.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A meeting. B. A dinner party. C. A coffee shop.
3. Where are the speakers now?
A. On a plane. B. At home. C. In a car.
4. Who is the man probably talking to?
A. A travel agent. B. A store clerk. C. A good friend.
5. What kind of bananas does the woman want?
A. The yellow ones. B. The green ones. C. The ones with some brown spots.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man do over summer vacation?
A. He worked at a restaurant.
B. He attended some classes.
C. He traveled around the world.
7. What do the speakers think of David’s story?
A. The man thinks he is foolish.
B. The woman doesn’t think well of his idea.
C. They both admire him a lot.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why might the man feel guilty?
A. He arrived late to a party.
B. He missed the woman’s birthday.
C. He forgot to buy the woman gifts.
9. When will the man pick up the woman?
A. At 5:00 p. m. B. At 6:00 p. m. C. At 7:00 p. m.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing?
A. Interviewing someone. B. Visiting a place.
C. Giving a lecture.
11. When was Amasya built according to the woman?
A. Around 1300 years ago.
B. Around 3000 years ago.
C. Around 7500 years ago.
12. What does the woman suggest visitors do in Amasya?
A. Pick the apples. B. View the houses. C. Row boats on the river.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How long was the man abroad?
A. Two months. B. Four months. C. Six months.
14. How did the man feel for the first part of his trip?
A. Excited. B. Upset. C. Relaxed.
15. What language did the family speak at home?
A. Russian. B. Chinese. C. English.
16. Why does the man want to read Russian books?
A. To do better in school.
B. To learn more about the culture.
C. To improve his grammar.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How many countries will students be able to choose from?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
18. What is the purpose of the group lessons?
A. To help students get on in host countries.
B. To help students select right programs.
C. To help students improve grades.
19. When will the applications be due?
A. At the end of January.
B. At the end of June.
C. At the end of October.
20. What is necessary for the application of the program?
A. Two personal essays.
B. One academic paper.
C. High grades in foreign language classes.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji, according to researchers from Adobe (ADBE) who surveyed 7,000 users across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.
The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji. The flirtatious “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emojis respectively rounded out the top five.
The software maker on Thursday released the findings from its 2021 Global Emoji Trend Report ahead of World Emoji Day on Saturday.
Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.

The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. And 67% said they think people who use emojis are friendlier, funnier and cooler than those who don’t. A slight majority of respondents said they are more comfortable expressing emotions through emojis than talking on the phone or in —person. More than half of global emoji users (55%) said using emojis in communications has positively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent of those surveyed said emojis are an important communication tool for creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel more empathetic toward people who use emojis.
1. What are the three most popular emojis according to the passage?
A. clown thumbs up laugh out loud
B. laugh out loud thumbs up wink and kiss
C. laugh out loud thumbs up red heart
D. thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear
2. Which emoji is the most confusing one for users?
A. Peach. B. Eggplant. C. Clown. D. Wink and kiss.
3. Which of the following best describes the attitude of most people surveyed to emojis?
A. Favorable. B. Passive. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了软件制造商Adobe的对于2021表情符号趋势的分析。报告结果显示，“笑”表情符号成为全球最流行的表情符号，“茄子”险胜“桃子”和“小丑”，成为最让网友感到困惑的表情符号，大部分被调查的人赞成表情符号的使用。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji(“笑”表情符号成为全球最流行的表情符号)”和第二段的“The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji.( “点赞”表情位列第二，其次是“红色爱心”表情。)”可知，三个最受欢迎的表情符号是“笑”，“点赞”“红色爱心”。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.(这份最新的报告分析了全球最让人迷惑的三种表情符号：“茄子”险胜“桃子”和“小丑”，成为最让网友感到困惑的表情符号。)”可知，“茄子”是最让用户迷惑的表情符号。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers.(绝大多数表情符号用户（90%）认为这种现代图像符号让他们更容易表达自己。89%的受访者表示，表情符号简化了跨语言障碍的交流。)”可推断，大多数被调查者对表情符号的态度是赞成的。故选A。
B
Getting drunk on ice cream used to be the stuff of dreams, but thanks to Will Rogers, inventor and owner of WDS Dessert Stations in Hinkley, Illinois, it has become a delicious reality. The Below Zero ice cream machine uses a unique technique to freeze alcohol, which allows you to turn beers, cocktails and even spirits (烈酒) into delicious soft —serve ice cream.
Rogers was trying to create a highly — caffeinated espresso ice cream flavor when he realized he could use the same technique with alcoholic beverages. He started experimenting with various gums and stabilizers commonly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented something called the NEA gel. It’s this magical concoction (调制品) that allows the alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the Below Zero ice cream machine.

Even though Below Zero changes the texture (质地) of beer, cocktails and even spirits, essentially turning them into soft —serve ice cream, it does not affect the alcohol content at all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means you can get drunk on ice — cream just as you would on the same concoctions in liquid form.
Will Rogers claims that it takes around 30 minutes for beer to go from liquid to ice cream form, but higher alcohol content drinks take longer. Essentially, the higher the alcohol level, the longer the wait.
The American inventor plans to sell Below Zero ice cream machines to bars and breweries wanting to surprise their patrons. Metro reports that machines will sell for about 6,000.
4. What’s the name of the machine which can change beer and spirits into ice cream?
A. Will Rogers B. WDS Dessert Stations
C. Hinkley D. Below Zero
5. What makes alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the machine?
A. gums. B. stabilizers. C. NEA gel. D. ABV.
6. What can we know from the passage?
A. The machine can change all liquids into ice cream.
B. It takes 20 minutes for beer to change into ice cream.
C. The higher the alcohol level, the shorter the wait will be.
D. The machine changes the texture of beer, cocktails and even spirits.
7. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The machine affects the alcohol content.
B. You can get drunk if you have ice—creams made from spirits.
C. The American inventor doesn’t want to sell the magical machine.
D. Bars and breweries will not become potential buyers of the machine.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一台能把啤酒变成冰淇淋的神奇机器。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Below Zero ice cream machine uses a unique technique to freeze alcohol, which allows you to turn beers, cocktails and even spirits (烈酒) into delicious soft —serve ice cream.( “零度之下”冰淇淋机采用独特的技术来冷冻酒精饮料，让你可以将啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒变成口感柔软的冰淇淋。)”可知，这个可以把啤酒和烈酒变成冰淇淋的机器叫“零度之下”,故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“He started experimenting with various gums and stabilizers commonly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented something called the NEA gel. It’s this magical concoction (调制品) that allows the alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the Below Zero ice cream machine.( 他开始拿冰淇淋产业常用的各种食品胶和稳定剂来做试验，最终研制出了一种名为NEA gel的食品胶并取得了专利。正是这种神奇的调制品让酒精饮料在“零度之下”冰淇淋机里冻成了半固态。)”可知，NEA gel使酒精在机器内部冻结到接近固体。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Even though Below Zero changes the texture (质地) of beer, cocktails and even spirits, essentially turning them into soft —serve ice cream, it does not affect the alcohol content at all.( 尽管“零度之下”冰淇淋机改变了啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒的质地，将它们变成了口感柔软的冰淇淋，但是并没有改变其酒精含量。)”可知，这台机器改变了啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒的质地。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“it does not affect the alcohol content at all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means you can get drunk on ice — cream just as you would on the same concoctions in liquid form.( 它并没有改变其酒精含量。酒精含量保持不变，意味着你可以吃冰淇淋吃到醉，就和喝醉酒一样。)”可推断，如果你吃烈酒做的冰淇淋，你会醉。故选B。
C
Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and Richard Branson have a combined net worth of 400 billion, roughly the size of the GDP of the entire nation of Ireland. And all three men have decided to put vast sums of their wealth into chasing their space travel dreams, creating a modern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than countries — shoot for the stars.
But why the three billionaires choose the crazy plan? Just for the travel dreams? It’s not that simple.
As we all know, the space travel is a mirror of comprehensive national strength, whether it’s the cold war or the present. The first space race spanned multiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixon. It made heroes of astronauts and cosmonauts, and it focused national prides. But obviously, this year’s race between the billionaires features none of that national pride or opposing ideas. It’s tax — averse tycoons (大亨) who want to sell high — priced tickets to rich people interested in experiencing weightlessness. Amazon’s Bezos has said he is funding his portion by selling off large chunks of his Amazon stock (股票) — 1 billion or more a year.
What are the odds? If anyone is taking bets on how this will end, and who will have the more profitable space tourism business, consider Amazon’s method of making very little profit in order to eat up competition. So, from this point of view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. As a method of expand influence, it is not a bad idea.
Richard Branson has carried out his plan on July 12, and Jeff Bezos announced that he will start his space travel on July 20. Bezos is getting some good press because he’s taking Wally Funk along for the ride. She’s the pilot now in her 80s who was kept out of space in the 1960s because she’s a woman. This may be a bonus for him. As for Musk, he thinks these two above are not real space trips, he wants a larger move.
Who will win the race in the end? Let’s wait and see.
8. Which of the following people might be the potential client of the space travel?
A. Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.
B. Clarkson who doesn’t enjoy taking risks.
C. Billy aged 60 with an ample retirement pension.
D. Alexander who knows nothing about space travel.
9. What stopped Wally Funk flying to space in the 1960s?
A. Age. B. Gender. C. Height. D. Disposition.
10. What does the author think of the billionaires race?
A. Profit — driven. B. Meaningless. C. Foolish. D. Generous.
11. What does the underlined word “spanned” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Revolved. B. Turned down. C. Entered. D. Leapt through.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位亿万富翁创造的一场现代太空竞赛以及竞赛背后隐藏的深层含义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And all three men have decided to put vast sums of their wealth into chasing their space travel dreams, creating a modern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than countries — shoot for the stars. (这三个人都决定将自己的巨额财富投入到追求太空旅行梦想中，创造了一场现代太空竞赛，在这场竞赛中，超级富豪们——而不是国家——都在向着更高的目标进发)”可推知，参加太空旅行需要财力雄厚，结合选项，年龄60岁，有丰裕的退休金的Billy可能是太空旅行的潜在客户。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段“She’s the pilot now in her 80s who was kept out of space in the 1960s because she’s a woman. (她现在已经80多岁了，是一名飞行员，因为她是一名女性，所以在20世纪60年代被拒在太空之外)”可知，是性别阻止了Wally Funk在20世纪60年代飞往太空。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第三段“So, from this point of view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. (因此，从这个角度来看，在这场疯狂的比赛背后隐藏的是商业)”可推知，作者认为这场亿万富翁竞赛是利益驱动导致的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。通过划线词上文“the space travel is a mirror of comprehensive national strength (太空旅行是综合国力的一面镜子)”以及下文“multiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixon (多位总统和总理——肯尼迪、赫鲁晓夫、勃列日涅夫、尼克松)”可知，太空旅行在当时展现了各国的综合国力，有多个国家的总统和总理参加。从而推知，此处指第一次太空竞赛跨越多国，涉及多位总统和总理。画线词“spanned”意为“跨越、涉及”。故选D项。
D
We live in the age of the algorithm (算法). Increasingly, the decisions that affect our lives— where we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insurance— are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models.
One application that has become particularly common is the use of algorithms to evaluate job performance. Sarah, a teacher who, despite being widely respected by her students, their parents and her colleagues, was fired because she performed poorly according to an algorithm. When an algorithm rates you poorly, you are immediately branded as an underperformer and there is rarely an opportunity to appeal against those judgments. In many cases, methods are considered secrets and no details are shared. And data often seems convincing.
As a matter of fact, the belief that school performance in America is declining is based on a data mistake. A Nation at Risk is the report that rang the initial alarm bells about declining SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) scores. Yet if they had taken a closer look, they would have noticed that the scores in each smaller group were increasing. The reason for the decline in the average score was that more disadvantaged kids were taking the test. However, due to the data mistake, teachers as a whole were judged to be failing.
Wall Street is famous for its mathematicians who build complex models to predict market movements and develop business plans. These are really smart people. Even so, it is not at all uncommon for their models to fail. The key difference between those models and many of the ones being used these days is that Wall Street traders lose money when their data models go wrong. However, as CV Neil points out in her book, the effects of widely —used machine — driven judgments are often not borne by those who design the algorithms, but by everyone else.
As we increasingly rely on machines to make decisions, we need to ask these questions: What assumptions are there in your model? What hasn’t been taken into account? How are we going to test the effectiveness of the conclusions? Clearly, something has gone terribly wrong. When machines replace humans to make a judgment, we should hold them to a high standard. We should know how the data was collected. And when numbers lie, we should stop listening to them.
12. Why school performance in America is believed to be declining?
A. Teachers perform poorly.
B. Big data is popular.
C. The data is wrong.
D. There is misunderstanding about algorithms.
13. What should we do when making decisions by machines?
A. Follow the machines. B. Make a judgment by tests.
C. Stop listening to machines. D. Make the data convincing.
14. What is the structure of the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The drawbacks of algorithm.
B. The application of algorithm in business.
C. The popularity of algorithm to employers.
D. The advantages and disadvantages of algorithm.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大数据虽然广泛应用于人们生活的方方面面，但它也存在一定的弊端，我们在使用大数据时一定要确保数据的可靠性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“As a matter of fact, the belief that school performance in America is declining is based on a data mistake.( 事实上，美国学校表现下降的说法，是基于一个数据错误)可知，错误的看法是由于数据错误。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When machines replace humans to make a judgment, we should hold them to a high standard. We should know how the data was collected. And when numbers lie, we should stop listening to them. (当机器代替人做判断时，我们需要对机器定一个高标准，我们应该知道数据是如何收集的，当数字撒谎时，我们应该停止倾听)”可知，我们要确保数据的可靠性。故选D。
14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models.”可知，我们的许多决定不是通过人，而是通过计算机器。第二段、第三段、第四段都在举例说明机器得来的数据不一定可信。最后一段提出如何确保数据的可靠性。因此文章结构是总-分-总。第二段、第三段、第四段是并列的。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sarah, a teacher who, despite being widely respected by her students, their parents and her colleagues, was fired because she performed poorly according to an algorithm.”（萨拉是一名老师，尽管她受到了学生、家长和同事的广泛尊重，但她被解雇了，因为根据一种算法，她的表现很差。）、第三段“However, due to the data mistake, teachers as a whole were judged to be failing.”（然而，由于数据错误，教师作为一个整体被判定为不及格）、第四段“The key difference between those models and many of the ones being used these days is that Wall Street traders lose money when their data models go wrong.”（这些模式与目前使用的许多模式的关键区别在于，当数据模型出错时，华尔街交易员会蒙受损失。）都在举例说明机器得来的数据不一定可信。因此文章主要在讲大数据存在一定的弊端。故选A。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For centuries, generations of clothing designers and garment makers in China have been devoted to building the “Garment Kingdom”, making the garments an important component of Chinese culture.
♦Origin of Chinese clothing
In primitive society, the Chinese lived in caves. To keep warm, they covered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs.
About 18,000 years ago, the Chinese invented sewing. Animal skins were cut to fit the human body using sharpened stone and bone tools and then sewn together using bone needles. ____16____.
♦ ____17____
Chinese rules of etiquette regarding garments and ornaments started taking shape in the Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, the idea of fashion reached new heights. Qin Shihuang established many social systems, including that of uniforms to distinguish people’s ranks and social positions. In the Tang dynasty, clothing was more varied than before because the state was more open to the outside world. ____18____ They were allowed to expose their arms and back and wear dresses that absorbed elements from other cultures. They could wear men’s riding garments if they liked. Casual wear appeared during the Song Dynasty and during the Yuan Dynasty, the simple and unadorned style of clothing was mainly a combination of Mongolian and Han influences. Dramatic changes took place during the Ming Dynasty. There was no limitation to one style and natural beauty was advocated, ____19____. However, during the Qing Dynasty, clothes became elegant and poised (威严的).
____20____. There appeared the qipao, Chinese tunic suit, student uniform, Lenin — style suit, Russian dress, miniskirt, punk (怪异服装) and T-shirt.
Today, some people in China follow world fashion, but individuality has become the main trend. More and more people can enjoy beautiful fashions with traditional features and the modern chic.
A. it influenced people’s lives.
B. Development of clothing.
C Chinese garments of the 20th century ranged greatly in style.
D. thus bringing vigor (活力) and life force to clothing culture.
E. The invention of sewing allowed the early Chinese to make better fitting clothes to protect them from harsh conditions.
F. What is worth special mention is that women of the Tang dynasty did not have to abide by the traditional dress code.
G. Fashion designers today are finding new ways to combine modern fashion trends with traditional Chinese symbols of good fortune.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. F 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国服装的起源与发展。
【16题详解】
上文“About 18,000 years ago, the Chinese invented sewing. Animal skins were cut to fit the human body using sharpened stone and bone tools and then sewn together using bone needles. (大约18000年前，中国人发明了缝纫术。用磨得锋利的石头和骨制工具将动物皮切割成适合人体的形状，然后用骨针缝合在一起)”指出，在原始社会人们如何缝制衣服。E项“缝纫的发明使早期的中国人能够制作出更合身的衣服，以保护他们免受恶劣条件的伤害。”指出了发明缝纫术的重要性，承接上文，且E项中的“sewing”与上文一致。故选E项。
【17题详解】
通过下文“Chinese rules of etiquette regarding garments and ornaments started taking shape in the Zhou Dynasty. (中国关于服饰的礼节从周朝开始形成)”和“During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period (春秋战国时期)”和“Qin Shihuang (秦始皇)”以及“In the Tang dynasty(在唐代)”可推知，本段主要列举了服饰在不同朝代的发展。B项“服装的发展。”符合文意，概括全段。故选B项。
【18题详解】
上文“In the Tang dynasty, clothing was more varied than before because the state was more open to the outside world. (在唐朝，由于国家对外开放程度的提高，服装比以前更加多样化)”说明，唐朝的服装比以前更加多样化，设空处承上启下，下文“They were allowed to expose their arms and back and wear dresses that absorbed elements from other cultures. They could wear men’s riding garments if they liked. (她们被允许暴露手臂和背部，穿着吸收其他文化元素的衣服。如果他们愿意，她们可以穿男式骑马服)”说明，唐代对于女子的穿着并没有做严格要求。F项“特别值得一提的是，唐代妇女不必遵守传统的着装规范。”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
上文“There was no limitation to one style and natural beauty was advocated (不局限于一种风格，提倡自然美)”指出，明朝的服饰风格十分自由，没有限制。D项“从而给服装文化带来活力和生命力。”承接上文，表现出了明朝服饰风格的优点，符合文意。故选D项。
【20题详解】
本文是按时间顺序介绍服装的发展，下文“There appeared the qipao, Chinese tunic suit, student uniform, Lenin — style suit, Russian dress, miniskirt, punk and T-shirt. (出现了旗袍，中山装，学生制服，列宁装，俄罗斯连衣裙，迷你裙，怪异服装和T恤)”指出，服饰文化发展到了一个有多种多样服装风格的阶段。C项“20世纪的中国服装风格各异。”符合文意，引出下文。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Neighborliness is part of Chinese culture. People who ____21____ in the same residential compound became good friends. My friend Lao Ma is one of these old friends and neighbors.
Lao Ma is a traditional Chinese guy who puts friendship and loyalty above his own ____22____. He has helped almost everyone in our group but has never ____23____ us for help. When he first started working, Lao Ma ____24____ about 1000 Yuan per month. But when he heard a friend of his ____25____ needed money, without ____26____ he borrowed here there and offered his friend 5000 Yuan.
Lao Ma got ____27____ on June 19 this year. Chinese people generally like to invite all their friends and relatives to a feast on the occasion. Lao Ma ____28____ chose to hold a ____29____ auction (拍卖) where he put presents from friends up for bid. When Lao Ma announced his intentions for the wedding, we were _____30_____ astonished, but later _____31_____ the idea. After all, it just underscores (强调) his penchant (嗜好；倾向) for putting others _____32_____ himself.
More than 200 people were _____33_____ at Lao Ma’s wedding. Perhaps because of the auction, many more people than _____34_____ arrived to celebrate and bid. Ma and his wife gave the profits from the auction to a charity to help those in need.
Lao Ma is a model neighbor and many others have been _____35_____ by his friendship and generosity. Lao Ma likes to say “Love me, love my neighbor.”
21. A. work B. live C. arise D. cooperate
22. A. interests B. habits C. principles D. activities
23. A. turned up B. turned down C. turned to D. turned around
24. A. charged B. cost C. spent D. earned
25. A. generally B. hopefully C. desperately D. overally
26. A. participating B. defending C. transforming D. hesitating
27. A. married B. introduced C. engaged D. visited
28. A. however B. therefore C. instead D. thus
29. A. honor B. charity C. reputation D. volunteer
30. A. vitally B. initially C. actually D. obviously
31. A. appreciated B. applied C. challenged D. demanded
32. A. thanks to B. regardless of C. out of D. ahead of
33. A. present B. absent C. amazing D. effective
34. A. admired B. explored C. expected D. registered
35. A. requested B. discouraged C. recognised D. inspired
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的朋友邻居老马把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上，总是助人为乐，急人所难，并把婚礼举办成一场慈善拍卖会的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：住在同一个小区的人成了好朋友。A. work工作；B. live生活；C. arise产生，出现；D. cooperate合作。根据前文“Neighborliness”和后文“neighbors”以及句中“in the same residential compound”可知，此处指同住一个小区。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老马是一个传统的中国人，他把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上。A. interests兴趣，利益；B. habits习惯；C. principles原则；D. activities活动。根据后文“He has helped almost everyone in our group but has never ____3____ us for help.”可知，老马是个助人为乐的人，他会把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他几乎帮助过我们群体中的每一个人，但从来没有向我们求助过。A. turned up出现，开大；B. turned down拒绝，关小；C. turned to转向，求助于；D. turned around转身。根据前文“He has helped almost everyone in our group”以及连词“but”的转折，可知，他帮助别人不求回报，故此处指不求助于别人。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马刚开始工作时，每个月大约挣1000元。A. charged收费；B. cost（使）花费；C. spent花（钱或时间）；D. earned挣得。根据前文“When he first started working”以及后文“1000 Yuan per month”可知，他刚参加工作时每月挣1000元。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当他听说一个朋友急需用钱时，他毫不犹豫地到处借钱，给了朋友5000元。A. generally通常地；B. hopefully有希望地；C. desperately绝望地，极度地；D. overally总体上。基于前文分析以及后文“he borrowed here there and offered his friend 5000 Yuan”可知，当他得知一个朋友极度需要钱的时候，他会为朋友到处借钱以解朋友之困。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当他听说一个朋友急需用钱时，他毫不犹豫地到处借钱，给了朋友5000元。A. participating参与；B. defending防守；C. transforming转变；D. hesitating犹豫。基于前文“Lao Ma is a traditional Chinese guy who puts friendship and loyalty above his own ____2____. He has helped almost everyone in our group but has never ____3____ us for help.”的分析可知，老马是个助人为乐，急人所难的人，所以他毫不犹豫为朋友到处借钱。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马于今年6月19日结婚。A. married结婚；B. introduced介绍；C. engaged订婚；D. visited参观。根据后文“Chinese people generally like to invite all their friends and relatives to a feast on the occasion.”以及“When Lao Ma announced his intentions for the wedding”可知，老马此时结婚。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：老马反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，把朋友送的礼物拍卖。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. instead代替，反而；D. thus因而，从而。根据前文“Chinese people generally like to invite all their friends and relatives to a feast on the occasion.”以及后文“chose to hold a ____9____ auction (拍卖) where he put presents from friends up for bid.”可知，老马没有像中国人通常所做的那样做，反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老马反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，把朋友送的礼物拍卖。A. honor荣誉；B. charity慈善；C. reputation声誉；D. volunteer志愿者。根据后文“Ma and his wife gave the profits from the auction to a charity to help those in need.”可知，他举办的是慈善拍卖会。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当老马宣布他的婚礼意向时，我们最初感到惊讶，但后来对这个想法表示赞赏。A. vitally至关重要地；B. initially最初；C. actually实际上；D. obviously明显地。根据后文“but later ____11____ the idea”可知，此处对应later，指最初。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当老马宣布他的婚礼意向时，我们起初感到惊讶，但后来对这个想法表示赞赏。A. appreciated欣赏，赞赏；B. applied申请；C. challenged挑战；D. demanded要求。根据前文“astonished”以及后文“After all, it just underscores (强调) his penchant (嗜好；倾向) for putting others ____12____ himself”可知，老马的想法由别人的惊讶到后来得到了赞赏。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这正是强调了他把别人放在自己前面的品质。A. thanks to幸亏；B. regardless of不管；C. out of在……之外；D. ahead of在……前面。基于前文“Lao Ma is a traditional Chinese guy who puts friendship and loyalty above his own ____2____.”的分析可知，老马是个把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上的人，婚礼上这样做强调了他后天下之乐而乐的品质，总是把别人的利益放在自己的利益前面。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：200多人出席了老马的婚礼。A. present出席的；B. absent缺席的；C. amazing惊人的；D. effective有效的。根据常识以及后文“many more people than ____14____ arrived to celebrate and bid”可知，200多人出席了老马的婚礼。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是因为这次拍卖，比预期更多的人前来庆祝和竞拍。A. admired钦佩；B. explored探索；C. expected预料，期望；D. registered注册。根据语境和前文“Perhaps because of the auction”可知，因为这次不同的婚礼仪式，所以前来庆祝和竞拍的人比预料更多。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马是一个模范邻居，许多人都受到他的友谊和慷慨的鼓舞。A. requested请求；B. discouraged劝阻，使泄气；C. recognised辨认出；D. inspired激励。根据前文“Lao Ma is a model neighbor”可知，老马的模范行为鼓舞了许多人。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henan Province ____36____ (strike) by terrible rainstorms in July, 2021. Heavy rainfall raised the emergency ____37____ (respond) for meteorological disasters to level I, ____38____ (high) level in a four —tier system, in Zhengzhou. The National Meteorological Center said hourly precipitation (降水量) in Zhengzhou reached 201.9 millimeters once in an hour.
Nearly 11.45 million residents in 139 counties across the province were affected due ____39____ the record —breaking heavy rainfall ____40____ started on July 16 said Li Changxun, deputy head of the province’s Department of Emergency Management on 26th, July. Hundreds of thousands of houses collapsed, and more than 1.31 million residents were relocated to safe places.____41____ total of 63 people had been killed with five people ____42____ (miss), reported by 26th, July, Li said, ____43____(add) that repair crews were hurrying to fix bridges, electrical substations and gas pipelines to help return people’s lives to normal.
Though flooding during the summer months is an annual occurrence in parts of China, recent rains have alarmed scientists and officials, raising questions as to whether we should be prepared ____44____ (deal) with more extreme and unpredictable weather ____45____ (cause) by climate change.
【答案】36. was stricken## was struck
37. response
38. the highest
39. to 40. that##which
41. A 42. missing
43. adding 44. to deal
45. caused
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：2021年7月，河南省遭遇暴雨袭击。河南和袭击是被动关系，表示2021年7月份用一般过去时,主语和谓语为被动关系。strike过去分词有两个stricken和 struck。故填was stricken/ was struck。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：暴雨将郑州的气象灾害应急响应提升至四级系统中的最高一级。raise后接名词， emergency response表示应急响应。故填response。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：暴雨将郑州的气象灾害应急响应提升至四级系统中的最高一级。一级是最高级别，用最高级，故填the highest。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：7月26日，该省应急管理厅副厅长李长勋表示，由于7月16日开始的创纪录强降雨，影响了全省139个县的近1145万居民。due to 是固定短语表示由于，因为，故填to 。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：7月26日，该省应急管理厅副厅长李长勋表示，由于7月16日开始的创纪录强降雨，影响了全省139个县的近1145万居民。 rainfall是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，指代物用that 或which。故填that/which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。a total of表示总计 。置于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。with+宾语+宾补，人们和失踪是主动关系，用现在分词。故填missing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。said是谓语动词，补充是非谓语动词，李和补充说是主动关系，用现在分词。故填adding。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国部分地区每年夏季都会发生洪水，但最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。be prepared to do sth“准备做某事”。故填to deal。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国部分地区每年夏季都会发生洪水，但最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。with+宾语+宾补结构，极端天气和导致是被动关系，用过去分词做宾补。故填caused。
【点睛】
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你正在一所寄宿制高中就读，你校英文报正在征稿，希望高三的学长为高一新生提供生活和学习方面的建议，内容包括：
1.生活方面：适应新环境、与人和谐相处
2.学习方面：方法、习惯
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
In the coming three years, your life can be challenging. You should adapt to the new environment as soon as possible. You’d better learn how to get along well with others— respecting teachers and classmates is necessary.
Besides, to achieve satisfying academic goals, you’re supposed to know how to learn efficiently. It’s of vital importance to develop good habits, such as previewing lessons, getting actively involved in class and reviewing in time, which will benefit you a lot. Hopefully with your great efforts, you will enjoy a fruitful life here.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生作为高三的学长为高一新生提供生活和学习方面的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
适应：adjust/accommodate→adapt to
尽快： as quickly as possible→as soon as possible
相处的好：fit in→get along well with
实现： acquire/ obtain /gain→achieve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You’d better learn how to get along well with others
拓展句：It is vital that you should learn how to get along well with others
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, to achieve satisfying academic goals, you’re supposed to know how to learn efficiently. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] It’s of vital importance to develop good habits, such as previewing lessons, getting actively involved in class and reviewing in time, which will benefit you a lot. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
You would think that after hearing Mom and Dad talking about The Trip for a year, I would be eager to go. But I didn’t even want to think about it. “Aren’t you excited?” asked Dad, looking up from his laptop. “This is the trip of a lifetime. I’ll bet none of your friends will be driving across the United States this summer.”
Exactly, I thought. Nobody I knew was going to pile into an old van, and drive from California to New York and back in 58 days. Fifty — eight days! That was practically my whole summer! But I knew it was useless to protest.
When Dad was offered a summer off for the first time in his career, he said that he would always dreamed of driving across the country. So we were going. That was Dad’s chance.
I picked up my cat, Max, and buried my face in his fur. He pawed at my ears playfully. Goodbye, summer vacation. Goodbye, diving at the lake. Goodbye to hanging out and doing absolutely nothing. Good bye, Max. I was going to miss this ball of fur. I put him down and laughed as he batted a button across the floor like a soccer player. He was interested in all small objects.
The closer the trip got, the harder it was going to ignore. Thick envelopes arrived from places like Indiana, Tennessee and Arkansas. Night after night, Mom and Dad huddled around the computer, plotting every inch of our 8,000-mile journey.
Three days after school got out, The Trip finally came. Everything was packed and ready to go. Mom said that we are supposed to leave at 9 a. m. But when Dad noticed a wet spot under the van, I realized we wouldn’t be going anywhere for a while. Dad crawled under the van. Car parts sprang up around the van like mushrooms.
Minutes turned into hours. By the time Dad gave Mom the news, it was late afternoon. “I fixed the leak.” said Dad, “But now I couldn’t find one of the fan bolts (螺栓).” Mom organized a search, but in vain.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dad called the stores but none carried the bolt that fitted this old van.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then it hit me. “Max!” I shouted, “Find Max!”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Dad called the stores but none carried the bolt that fitted this old van. I sighed. Maybe we were not going on The Trip after all. My soul silently rejoiced (深感欣喜)— I could have a regular summer vacation as usual! But then I saw Dad. He was leaning over the engine, his hands black with oil. His dream— The Trip of a lifetime — was vanishing before his eyes. I couldn’t bear to see Dad so disappointed. I stared at the lifeless van, wondering where that bolt could be.
Then it hit me. “Max!” I shouted, “Find Max!” With not knowing why, everyone hurried to look for the cat. I found him in a corner. He was batting something around — the bolt! I grabbed it and waved it like a flag. Dad’s face lit up. An hour later, I was in the van with my family. “Thanks!” Dad said. I smiled. As our van drove down the freeway, I thought this trip might not be so bad after all. Goodbye, old summer vacation. Hello… trip of a lifetime.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了作者的父母计划夏天开车穿越美国的旅行，作者有些不情愿，也舍不得离开自己的小猫Max。要出发的时候，他们的车发生了故障，爸爸要修车，到最后却发现螺栓找不到了，作者以为旅行会取消，但是看到爸爸失望的表情，作者又想帮忙找到螺栓。终于在小猫Max那里找到了螺栓，修好了车，顺利地去旅行的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸打电话给商店，但没有一家有适合这辆旧货车的螺栓。”可知，第一段可描写由于螺栓找不到了，作者以为旅游会取消。但是看到爸爸失望的表情，作者想要帮忙完成爸爸的旅行梦想。
②由第二段首句内容“然后我突然想到。“Max!”我喊道：“找到Max!”)”可知，第二段可描写作者在小猫那里找到丢失的螺栓，车修好了，同时描述爸爸对作者的感谢，作者对于这次旅行开始有所期待。
2.续写线索：以为旅游取消——爸爸失望——不忍心于爸爸的失望——想到找小猫——找到螺栓——出发旅行——期待
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.消失: vanish/disappear
②.靠着：lean over/lean against
③.寻找：look for/search for/in search of
情绪类
①.失望的：disappointed/ despondent
②.感谢：thanks/be grateful
③.露出喜色/高兴：light up/smile
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I stared at the lifeless van, wondering where that bolt could be.（现在分词作状语和where引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. As our van drove down the freeway, I thought this trip might not be so bad after all.(运用了as引导时间状语从句，省略了that的宾语从句)