2022届甘肃省天水市一中高三上学期8月第一次考试英语试题含答案

天水市一中2019级高三第一次考试

英语试题

（满分：120分    时间：100分钟）

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Who says inventions are only made by grown-ups and professionals? Over the years, children have also succeeded in making their useful contributions to the world. Here are a few inventions that came to life from the minds of young children.

Hero Helmet

Seven-year-old Samul

Meyer's invention is aimed at stopping people from riding their bikes or skateboards without using a helmet. The Hero Helmet features an inbuilt remote that controls a lock on the wheels which unlocks when the Helmet is being worn by the rider. Samuel says: no helmet, no bike.

Robotic Earthworm

The first thought that comes to mind is,why a robotic earthworm? Well, ten-year-old David Cohen had some useful applications in mind. He believed it could be used to find victims after a flood, earthquake or fire.The robot could get into small and dangerous places where search dogs and humans could not go.

B.E.A.C.O.N.

Fifteen-year-old Hannah Herbst's invention, which stands for Bringing Electricity Access to Countries through Ocean Energy, was inspired by her pen pal who lives in Ethiopia and did not have access to lights.So she came up with B.E.A.C.O.N,which absorbs energy directly from ocean waves. Her invention won the“Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge”in 2015 and other numerous awards.

Portable Wheelchair Controller

At only eight years old, Amelia Fox created the invention to help lift people in and out of their wheelchair. This invention was not just born out of the desire to create something. Amelia developed this controller for her brother,who had just got hip surgery and needed the wheelchair to move around.

1. Who is the youngest inventor?

A. Samuel Meyer.                        B. David Cohen.

C. Amelia Fox.                          D. Hannah Herbst.

2. Which of the following can be used as a rescue tool?

A. Hero Helmet                         B. B.E.A.C.O.N.

C. Robotic Earthworm.                   D. Portable Wheelchair Controller.

3. Why did Amelia Fox create the invention?

A. To give her brother assistance.          B. To benefit the earthquake victims.

C. To generate electricity effectively.       D. To protect bike riders from injuries.

B

When I first got the bird, it must have only just been hatched. Its mother had disappeared, leaving it alone and shivering in the face of the north wind. I decided to take it straight back and build it a new home.

At that time, we grew a great many flowers in our house. Next to one hanging orchid (兰花) I hung another empty flowerpot and it was in this pot that the bird was to have its new home. When Dad got home, he immediately discovered the new addition to our family. Without saying a word, he turned around and left the house. After some time, he returned and I saw that he had a handful of grass and pine needles. Obviously, Dad thought the nest I had made was far too rough and so he had decided to decorate it himself.

“A bird born at this time of year won’t survive the winter.” In spite of this prediction on the bird’s future, Dad very carefully fashioned the nest himself. Soon I found “Nuo Nuo” (Dad had named him) had started to grow feathers. They looked like such fine little hairs that you could only notice them if you looked really closely. I only discovered them because every day I would cup him in my hands and look at him.

Dad probably realized that he had been a little cruel in his prediction. You see, he had already started training Nuo Nuo to walk. As you know, Nuo Nuo lived in a flowerpot, not a cage or anything. When he had nothing else to do, he walked around his little home. There were times when he was a bit naughty too and he jumped down onto our dining table.

It was obvious that Nuo Nuo didn’t realize he was a bird. He perhaps thinks he was one of the family. But it is not enough for a bird to walk, it must fly as well. Dad soon began attempting to make him learn this new ability, but it was not an easy task. After all, nobody in our family had mastered the art of flying. we didn’t even have wings. How could we ask Nuo Nuo to do something that we had no means of doing ourselves?

The flying lessons went on regardless. Dad jumped off a chair, waving his arms as if his life depended on it, in an attempt to encourage Nuo Nuo to shake his wings. Surprisingly, this stupid action of Dad’s did actually have an effect. Nuo Nuo began to shake his wings and started to rise.

Everything is hard at the beginning. But seeing as what we had already started, the fact that Nuo Nuo couldn’t fly was no reason not to continue trying. Nuo Nuo learnt to fly finally and he survived the winter as well.

4. According to the text, what is the new addition to the family?

A. one hanging orchid              B. another empty flowerpot

C. the little bird                  D. a handful of grass

5. Why is it not an easy task to make the bird learn to fly?

A. Because the bird was raised in the cage.

B. Because the bird was one of the family.

C. Because the family didn’t want to teach him to fly.

D. Because the family didn’t have relevant experience.

6. What’s the family’s attitude towards the bird?

A Cruel         B. Considerate         C. Tolerant          D. Unconcerned

7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. All the predictions may come true.      B. Nothing is difficult at the beginning.

C. Everything deserves a try though hard.  D. There is always a reason to do something.

                              C

We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn't be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

This “self­talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”

Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. Or harsh(刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.

Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us！Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves：Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it's better left unsaid.

Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self­esteem(自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.

8．Why should we not feel embarrassed when talking to ourselves? 

A．Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.

B．It does harm to have “self­talk” when we are alone.

C．Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.

D．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.

9．What does the underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” mean?

A．Blame ourselves.  B．Punish ourselves.  C．Talk to ourselves.   D．Praise ourselves.

10．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?

A．Words always possess long positive effects.

B．Kind words are sometimes not needed at all.

C．It is impossible for unkind words to be forgotten.

D．It is better to think twice before talking to others.

11.  How does the author explain the effect of words in paragraph 3?

A. By giving a definition.    B. By classifying different types.

C. By giving examples.     D. By giving data.

D

Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.

Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.

“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It’s a matter of how to get it back, ” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.

The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.

The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.

“Short­term memory seems to be normal. But for long­term memory, these early Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged, ” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Or rather, there is indeed an access problem to the information.”

12．What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?

A．They are the pioneers of brain research.

B．They have used the method in human trials.

C．They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.

D．They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.

13．What do we know about the long­term memory of the early Alzheimer’s mice?

A．They can transform their brain cells.     

B．They can’t learn new tricks well.

C．They can easily get back their memory.   

D．They can’t access the information stored.

14.How did the researchers conduct their experiment firstly by testing the mice?

A. By dividing the mice into different groups.

B. By giving them a mild electric shock.

C. By studying their fear when placing into a room.

D. By analyzing their memories.

15．What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To introduce a method of a research.    

B. To report the latest discovery about a disease.

C. To give advice on how to improve memory.

D. To explain how the brain stores information.

第二节（共5小题；每题2分, 满分10分）

根据短文内容。从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Top Tips for the Flu Season

It’s coming. I can feel it in the air. On the subway every time someone coughs, I look up to see if I can move a little further. As I exit the train, I immediately reach for hand wash to remove any of the dirt on my hands.  16 

If you are young and healthy, it’s most likely that you will just feel uncomfortable for a week or two, miss some work or study. If you are elderly, have medical problems, or are a young child, you may not be so lucky.  17   Depending on the year, between 3,000 and 49,000 people die.

The best way to prevent the flu is to get vaccinated(接种疫苗).   18   However, it still offers considerable protection. In adults, the vaccine is 59 percent protective on average. For children the story is better. Clearly, we need better vaccines but it’s still a really good idea to get vaccinated.

Can the flu shot give you the flu? You may have an arm pain or a little fever, but the injection does not contain a live virus and cannot give you the flu.

  19  It isn’t clear how long protection lasts and if the vaccine protects against different flus for only one year.

Finally, here is some advice for what to do if you get the flu.

•   20 

• Stay at home until your fever has been gone for at least 24 hours. That will reduce the number of people you give this to.

Best wishes for a happy flu season!

第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Mattew Shifrin has been building with Legos (乐高积木) since he was 5 with the help of his friends. When he turned 13, he got a    21  birthday present from his friend, Lilya Finkel. It was an 843-piece Middle Eastern Lego palace. And with it were   22  that Finkel made specially for it. Finkel   23 a unique name for every one of the more than 800 pieces in the  palace set. Then she spent countless hours   24  building instructions in Braille (盲文) that spelled out how to   25  them all together.

His mind was blown. As a   26  person, Shifrin had never before been able to complete a Lego set   27 . Shifrin knew immediately that he had to help other blind children find the same   28  . Shifrin says, ''For blind people, Lego sets act as small 3D   29  for real-life buildings instead of two-dimensional photographs. Lego bricks    30  me to see things that are    31  to explore by touch.'' For years after that incredible Lego   32  , he together with Finkel created similar instructions for about 45 other Lego sets, all    33   on a website they created, ''Lego for the Blind.''

Shifrin began   34  the Lego company several years ago to discuss his work, but it was in 2017, when Finkel died of cancer, that he finally connected with the   35  person. His years-long efforts   36    when the Lego company released its first audio and Braille building instructions. The project is a high-tech version of what Shifrin and Finkel did for their   37 . It couldn’t have been completed without Shifrin's   38  – or without his determination.

He just    39  Finkel had been here to see it. ''I think she'd be very glad that we came this    40  ,'' Shifrin said.

21．A．time-saving B．life-changing C．world-shaking  D．heart-breaking

22．A．instructions B．rules   C．skills    D．requirements

23．A．invented  B．remembered C．mentioned   D．knew

24．A．getting  B．practicing  C．ignoring   D．typing

25．A．mix   B．fix   C．mend    D．gather

26．A．blind   B．deaf   C．poor    D．rich

27．A．in his favour B．in his turn  C．on his own  D at his convenience

28．A．truth   B．connection C．balance   D．independence

29．A．patterns  B．designs  C．replacements  D．arrangements

30．A．warn   B．allow      C．force    D．trouble

31．A．impossible B．dangerous  C．easy    D．safe

32．A．experiment B．performance C．practice   D．experience

33．A．published  B．selected  C．identified   D．canceled

34．A．putting up with B. catching up with C .reaching out to D. keeping away from

35．A．previous  B．missing  C．smart       D．right

36．A．spread out  B．blew up  C．faded away  D．paid off

37．A．company  B．website  C．buildings   D．children

38．A．encouragement B．preparation C．involvement     D．recommendation

39．A．predicted     B．wished     C．assumed   D．expected

40．A．long         B．far         C．deep    D．fast

第二节(共10小题: 每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys 41. _____ (admit) that they are “really, really smart.” Even 42. _____ (bad), the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid 43. _____ (participate) in activities for children 44. _____ are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: 45. _____ (absolute) not.

Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant 46. _____ (globe) communication, we 47. _____ (see) flashes of genius up to now. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) 48. _____ gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer 49. _____ (say), future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, 50. _____ (create), perseverance (毅力), and fortune, who are able to change the world.”

第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作义，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

 When I was a kid, I considered different jobs that I would like do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much at that time. Therefore, when I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal and decide to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. But the other was that I wanted to help people in need.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华。你的英国网友Mary 家经营的农场产品因疫情而滞销，写信向你求助。请你给她写一封信，鼓励她做网络主播，在家直播带货。内容包括：

1. 直播推销需要的设备；

2. 直播推销的优势；

3. 直播推销的建议。

注意：

1.词数100左右。

2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：秒光 sell out within seconds   网红营销 social influence marking

直播带货 promote goods sales through living-streaming

Dear Mary,

Best wishes!

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

参考答案

阅读理解：

1---3 ACA   4-----7  CDBC   8----11  ADDC    12-----15 DDBA    16--20 AFGCD

完形填空：

21----25 BAADB     26-----30 ACDCB     31-----35 ADACD   36-----40 DBCBB

语法填空：41.to admit    42.worse    43. participating   44. who   45. absolutely

46. global    47. have seen  48. like         49. says   50. creativity

短文改错：51.would like^to   52. coolly----cool  53. five---fifth    54. too---very

55. Therefore----However    56. decide----decided      57. They---there

58. amazing-----amazed     59. much \more better      60. But---And

作文：

Dear Mary,

Knowing that the produce on your farm is hard to sell during the pandemic, I really feel worried. So I’ m writing to share some successful experience in China to help you.

 Chinese farmers encouraged the similar problem not long ago, but they found a creative solution by promoting goods sales through live-streaming, for which you only need a computer or a cellphone with access to the Internet and a live stream platform or an application for broadcasting. By taking advantage of social influence marketing, the sellers can introduce the goods more efficiently and the buyers can watch the products visually in real time, thus, making the online trade more convenient.

I hope my advice will be helpful to you.

Best wishes! Yours sincerely,

Li Hua