2020-2021学年复旦附中高三下英语周测

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Cave of Secrets

A team of scientists and cave experts stand at the entrance of Hang Son Doong - the world’s largest cave. Hidden deep in the dense mountain jungle of central Vietnam, the cave (21) ________ (come) into being millions of years ago when rock under the mountain was eroded by river water. The weakened rock eventually collapsed, making up a massive underworld now waiting (22) ________ (explore).

Hang Son Doong, which means “mountain river cave”, (23) ________ (discover) in 1991. However, it wasn’t (24) ________ 2009 that a group of British cavers explored it for the first time. The cavers had to stop after four kilometers because a great wall blocked their way. But now, a year later, they have returned to climb past the wall and find out (25) ________ the cave ends.

Deeper in the cave, the team members fight to keep their balance as they walk slowly through an underground river. Then they make their way through a field of huge rocks, some of (26) ________ are about the size of houses. The team reaches an area where the cave’s roof has fallen in, (27) ________ (create) two spectacular natural skylights. An explorer says “watch out for dinosaurs” as his partner walks into the light. In this dreamy place, prehistoric reptiles（爬行动物） seem likely to appear at any moment.

The team climbs around wet, slippery rock formations are they try to make their way (28) ________ the second skylight. They walk carefully here because (29) ________ wrong step can lead to a fall of over 30 meters. The second, larger hole in the ceiling has brought down some of the jungle with it. Monkeys, snakes, and birds live in this part of the cave jungle.

Further inside, the team walks through a thick, muddy trench（沟）. The team’s final obstacle is its toughest challenge - they climb up a sticky 60-meter cliff (30) ________ (make) of hard minerals. After a two-day climb, they literally see light at the end of the tunnel as they reach the cave’s exit. Satisfied with the adventure through the world’s largest cave, the team climbs out into the sunlight. They have become the first people to explore the entire length of the cave.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Saying a City’s Public Art

Avoiding L. A.’s traffic jams may be impossible, but the city’s colorful highway murals（壁画）can brighten even the worst journey. Paintings of famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and highway walls all across the city. With a(n) __31__ of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.

But a(n) __32__ of graffiti（涂鸦）, pollution, and hot sun has left many L. A. murals in terrible condition. In the past, experts say, little attention was given to __33__ for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works - not an easy task with cars racing by on the highway! Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore its murals. So far, 16 walls have been selected, and more may be __34__ later.

Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were __35__. But in the ‘60s and ‘70s, young L. A. artists began to study early 20th - century Mexican mural painting. Soon, the young artists’ own murals became a(n) __36__ of the city’s culture.

The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca’s “The Great Wall”, a 13-foot-high (4-meter-high) painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood. The mural represents the history of different ethnic groups（族群）in California. It took eight years to complete, with 400 teenagers painting the __37__ , and is probably the longest mural in the world.

One of the murals that will be restored is Kent Twitchell’s “Seventh Street Alter-piece”, which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. This __38__ work shows two people facing each other on opposite sides of the highway near downtown Los Angeles. “It was __39__ as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L. A. must drive,” said Twitchell. “The open hands represent peace.” Artists often call murals the people’s art. Along a busy highway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can __40__ people who might never pay money to see find art in a museum.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

It has long been believed that there is a link between money and happiness. Many people dream of the life they could lead if they won the lottery - a world of mansions, fine restaurants, and first-class travel. But few consider the __41__. These fineries could lead to so much __42__ that we would no longer be able to appreciate life’s simpler pleasures.

Jordi Quoidbach from the University of Liege showed that richer people aren’t as good at appreciating __43__ pleasures as poorer people. Even the mere thought of money can make us take joys for granted. Normal people who were reminded about wealth spent less time appreciating a bar of chocolate and obtained less enjoyment from it.

Quidbach’s study helps to make sense of a trend in psychological research, where money has an unbelievably __44__ effect on happiness. Once people have enough to buy basic needs and __45__ poverty, having extra cash has little bearing on their enjoyment of life. Perhaps this is because money both gives and takes away: it opens doors to new pleasures, while making delights that were already __46__ seem less appealing.

To begin with, Quoidbach asked 351 university employees to complete a test that measured their ability to feel __47__ emotions. Each was asked to put themselves in a detailed pleasant scenario（场景）, from finishing an important task to discovering an amazing waterfall on a hike. Afterwards, they were quizzed in detail about how they would react to the scenarios, to see how strongly they enjoyed the __48__.

Using other questionnaires, Quoidbach also assessed how happy they were, how much money it would take to live their dream life. And half of the questions included a piece of a largo pile of euros, while the other half saw the same picture but it was beyond __49__. He found that the more money the participants had, the worse they were at appreciating their positive emotions.

Quoidbach found that a person’s ability to appreciate was __50__ to their desire for money. Instead, event suggesting the thought of money, by showing them the euro picture, had the same negative effect, dampening their reactions to the happy __51__.

These studies are part of a growing body of research showing that the link between money and happiness is more __52__ than we might think. Elizabeth Dunn, who worked with Quoidbach, has previously shown that money can buy happiness if it’s spent on others.

__53__, having money reduces the odds that people will actually spend it in the way! Dunn has also found that money is better used to buy happiness if it’s spent on experiences rather than goods. In both experiments, a simple __54__ of wealth weakened people’s ability to appreciate life’s smaller pleasures. That’s a striking result and Quoidback explains it best himself. “Simply knowing that these peak experiences are readily available may __55__ one’s tendency to take the small pleasures of daily life for granted.”

41. A. results           B. costs              C. examples              D. face

42. A. enjoyment        B. gratitude         C. possibility            D. communication

43. A. mental           B. various           C. urban                 D. everyday

44. A. instant           B. weak             C. lasting                D. suitable

45. A. rise out of        B. get stuck in         C. make sense of         D. keep pace with

46. A. accidental        B. exhaustive         C. accessible             D. principal

47. A. sudden           B. strong            C. positive               D. conflicted

48. A. experiences       B. emotions          C. details                D. discoveries

49. A. belief            B. recognition        C. accounting             D. control

50. A. unrelated         B. contrary           C. devoted               D. essential

51. A. features          B. endings            C. effects               D. imaginings

52. A. negative         B. settled             C. progressive            D. complicated

53. A. Additionally      B. However           C. Consequently         D. Meanwhile

54. A. pursuit           B. source             C. reminder             D. display

55. A. reveal            B. discourage         C. increase              D. address

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Of all the creatures to be found in the jungles and plains of East Africa, two of the hardest to track down must surely be producer Amanda Barrett and cameraman Owen Newman.

Their present habitat, the Ngorongoro Crater, has been raining for almost six months, giving rise to a number of unforeseen problems. Newman explained that they had to invest in an expensive piece of equipment so that whenever one of their vehicles gets stuck in the mud, Amanda can pull him back to safety. His working partnership with the talented producer has created some of TV’s finest wildlife films, such as their amazing and well-received film on Leopards（豹）.

Even while this film of one of Africa’s a shyest cats was being shown, the pair were already back where they belong - this time tracking that equally shy animal, the jackal. But this is nothing unusual in television partnerships. Travelling film-makers have been constantly circling the globe, in order to point cameras at wildlife ever since the birth of television.

I spoke to Newman about their partnership while he was making one of his rare and unpredictable reunions with other members of the human race at a wildlife zoo. ‘We do have occasional arguments but we tend to get over them fairly quickly. ‘he says of his colleague. Neither of them regard themselves as the leader, and he says that one of the reasons why they get on so well with each other is that they both see the animals in a similar way.

‘When we are on the move, we have to put up our tents each night. But this time we are operating much more of a fixed camp, and as we set out at 5 a.m. each morning, we tend to make the tea the night before and keep it warm in a vacuum flask（保温杯）.’

The rest of the Newman-Barrett daily diet consists of pre-packed meal heated and dished out by whoever is at hand at the time. ‘It’s not unusual for us to be out and about for up to eight weeks at a time, so catering does cause the odd panic,’ says Newman.

It can be a rough existence, but the appeal of being alone in such remote areas is that we can get close enough to the animals to become part of their lives. ‘I remember once we were filming a family of lions and there was lioness who would regularly go off on her own. Whenever she returned, she would go round and greet all the other members of the pride, and after a while she made a point of greeting our car as part of her round.’

56. What does the writer imply about Amanda Barrett and Owen Newman in the first paragraph?

A. They are hard to get along with.         B. They are always moving about.

C. They like living in East Africa.         D. They love studying creatures.

57. Why do Barrett and Newman get along with each other very well?

A. They dislike dealing with human beings.    B. They seldom have any arguments at work.

C. They let one of them have the final say.     D. They hold the same opinion of animals.

58. It can be concluded from the passage the Barrett and Newman are ________.

A. enthusiastic travellers          B. rainforest protectors

C. wildlife researchers           D. film makers

59. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. No one else works with Barrett and Newman.

B. No hot tea is available to Barrett and Newman.

C. Barrett and Newman care more about shy animals.

D. Barrett and Newman find food and make meals every day.

(B)

What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders.

Standard time

Time has always existed, but ‘standard time’ hasn’t. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren’t synchronised. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.

The light bulb

When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match.” Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, they have led to more flexible working hours and they enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights!

Algorithms

An algorithm is defined as “the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer.” The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th - century Persian mathematician. Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It’s a shame so few of us understand them!

Shipping containers

First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalisation possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other end. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.

60. The word “synchronised” (in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.

A. made to adapt to the local time         B. made to indicate the time accurately

C. made to show the standardised time     D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time

61. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared, the correct order should be ________.

A. the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time

B. algorithms, the light blub, standard time, shipping containers

C. standard time, algorithms, shipping containers, the light blub

D. shopping containers, standard time, the light bulb, algorithms

62. Which of the following items make it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price?

A. Standard time.      B. The light bulb       C. Algorithms      D. Shipping containers.

(C)

Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt wrote last night's meal to the left of tomorrow night's because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right.

Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemisphere neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the left-hand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn't have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains.

All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First, they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years' time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David's favourite foods, plus your food items they hadn't seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David's apartment.

People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David's past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistake about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future.

It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says Saj, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side.

Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind's eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. "It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans," says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. "They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them," he says. Raj's team will test whether these people experience a compression of "personal time".

63. People with left hemisphere neglect are most likely to ________.

A. use their left hands more often than right hands

B. start reading from the right side of the page

C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock

D. shave just the left side of the face

64. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemisphere neglect?

A. Their understanding of time is different from others.

B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past.

C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time.

D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected.

65. The word “compression” (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to ________.

A. saving             B. dividing            C. forgetting            D. shortening

66. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty.

B. Right hemisphere neglect is a rare condition among people from the West.

C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other.

D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

The Hubble Space Telescope（哈勃太空望远镜）

For centuries, astronomers looking at the moon, the planets, and the stars have face a basic problem: the earth’s atmosphere. Although it provides the air we breathe as well as protection from the sun, the atmosphere prevents us from seeing clearly into space - even with the largest and most advanced telescopes.

Then came Lyman Spitzer, an astrophysicist with a remarkable idea: put a large telescope in orbit（轨道）around the earth, outside of the earth’s atmosphere. ________67________ “The chief contribution of such a new and more powerful instrument,” he predicted, “would be, not to help us know more about the universe we live in, but rather to uncover new phenomena not yet imagined, and perhaps to modify our basic concepts of space and time.”

________68________ In 1993, NASA released the first images from the Hubble telescope. Since then, scientists have used Hubble to follow the comet Shoemaker - Levy 9 as it hit the giant planet Jupiter. They have produced images of the amazing and unique beauty of planetary nebulae - giant clouds of gas produced by dying stars. They have proved the existence of black holes at the centers of galaxies. And just as Spitzer predicted, Hubble has provided new information that has changed our ideas about the universe.

Astronomers already knew that the universe was expanding, but they expected this expansion to be slowing down due to the gravity of all the material in the universe, just as a ball thrown into the air falls back to Earth. ________69________ It is as if a ball thrown into the air at first slowed, but then sped up and simply flew away. No natural force on Earth can do this, but some kind of energy must be causing the speeding up.

Scientists are calling this unknown force dark energy and are working to learn more about it. ________70________ Fortunately, other telescopes such as the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory are sending information to Earth. Together with a network of telescopes on the ground, these space observatories promise, as Lyman Spitzer said back in 1916, to change not only what we know, but also how we learn.

Ⅳ.Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

A Brief History of Silk

Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric（织物）itself.

Today’s basic silk-production process ha changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon - a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.

Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk, was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.

Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.

Although man-made fibres（纤维）are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.

Ⅴ. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 他始终无法习惯六点前起床。(Never)

73. 在粉刷卧室之前，我们用旧床单把所有的家具盖了起来。(cover)

74. 这首民歌已经传唱了数千年，但没人确切地知道它源自何方。(sure)

75. 经过多年与疾病及快速行驶车辆的抗争，这种动物现在正因游客喂它们垃圾食品而濒临灭绝。(endanger)

Ⅵ. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在你所居住的小区论坛上看到有人发帖抱怨小区内流浪猫(stray cats）太多，有人跟帖表示这一情况的确给对猫过敏(allergic)的居民带来了困扰，但也有爱猫人士跟帖表示流浪猫夜需要得到照顾。你对此话题很感兴趣，决定跟帖发表自己的意见，内容须包括：

1. 你认为应该如何处置小区内的流浪猫；

2. 你的理由。

参考答案

语法填空

21. came   22. to be explored   23. discovered  24. until   25. where

26. which  27. creating  28. to   29. any   30. made

选词填空

31. C   32. D  33. B  34. A  35. G  36. K  37. E  38. J  39. F  40. H

完形填空

41-45 BADBA    46-50 CCABA  51-55 DDBCC

阅读理解

（A)  56. B  57.D  58. D  59. A

 (B)   60. C  61. B   62. D

 (C) 63. C  64. C  65. D  66. A

(D) 67. E   68. B   69. D  70. A