北京市海淀区2021届高三下学期二模英语试卷(word版含答案）

海淀区2020〜2021学年第二学期期末练习

                               高三英语

本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无 效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Jeremy can no longer read, drive a car or even recognize faces. But the 20-year-old, who lost his central vision two years ago, can __1___ hit a small white ball into a slightly larger hole from a considerable distance.

Jeremy was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the onset of blindness, Jeremy admits he     2    into depression for a couple of months and feared he'd never play golf again.

One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house. Jeremy thought, "If this guy can make it through this, then I can 3    having no central vision.n That became his motto: "Things could be 4    

So six months after losing his sight, Jeremy decided to 5      his golf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. Blind golf brought them even closer because, unlike the regular version of the sport, it's a 6      game.

Lionel acts as his son's sighted coach on the course. He 7       the hole and hazards （障碍）.Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dad's shoulder to get a 8       of the correct position.

They played together and won the World Blind Golf Championship. Besides, Jeremy has been collecting money and raising 9        of LHON with sponsored bike rides, half-marathons and even sky dives. "That's the greater 10      of my doing anything,” he told CNN.

第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning as northern China  11   (hit) by the largest sandstorm of the decade.

Air pollution readings rose to the upper limit of 500 at 8 a.m., according to data from the city's environmental monitory center, as visibility was reduced to 12     (little) than 1,000 meters in parts of the city.

The city's weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out 13    the sandstorm came into being.

B

Speaking of map apps, some users have found that they are useful for more than just 14    (find) one's way. One man, San Francisco's Lenny Maughan, uses them to make works of art.

Lenny runs everywhere he can. 15    he goes, he tracks his progress by using an app, such as Map MyRun or Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line along the path he follows. So, to make his runs more fun, Lenny decided to run 16    patterns that would create amazing images. To date, he has shared runs that have turned into images of a heart, a portrait of artist Frida Kahlo, and more.

C

In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed New York hotel only to realize that I 17    (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an 18    (energy) voice responded, 11 Someone will bring it right up." Two minutes later, I opened my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, 19    (equip) with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed "Thank you". The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, 20    later responded, "Wow, so cool!"

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该 项涂黑。

A

Aubrey is a FedEx driver who has made regular delivery stops in a rural neighborhood in Indiana. During her stops there, she would see an 11-year-old boy, Elijah, playing basketball with an old and rusty bent hoop.

"It was crazy to me how happy he was with the broken hoop. Every time I saw him, he was so joyful playing basketball. Seeing him so happy stuck with me," said Aubrey.

The FedEx driver thought about Elijah many times over the months, and decided that she wanted to bless him in a special way. "I just wouldn't stop thinking about it. I really wanted to get him a hoop. He deserves it."

Aubrey went out and bought a new basketball hoop and installed it when the family wasn't home. She left a note that read: "Just wanted you and your son to have the best hoop that'll grow with him and all his friends." She signed herself "just one of the FedEx drivers in the area".

"I read the note, and the moment I realized who it was from, I started to cry," said Coledo, Elijah's mom. "When Elijah came home and I showed it to him, he got really emotional. He got teary-eyed but he's an 11-year-old boy, so he really didn't want to admit he was crying," laughed Coledo. "He just sat there for 10 minutes staring at the hoop until it really touched him that she went out of her way to do something just for him/'

Aubrey had no idea how much her surprise gift had impacted Elijah and his family. They all had gone through a difficult year with Coledo's husband suffering a serious injury, and Coledo crashing her car. "It's just been a hard year. We're so humbled and grateful she would do this for us. This has been a huge thing for us," said Coledo.

When Aubrey made another FedEx delivery to their neighborhood, Elijah saw her, ran to her and hugged her. Elijah also gave Aubrey a card he made for her. And he invited her to play a game of basketball with him and his younger brother.

"It was almost like we'd always known each other. I really bonded with the boys," said Aubrey. "I'm just really happy they know that someone is out there for them."

21.    Aubrey bought Elijah a new basketball hoop because    .

1.   she wanted to make a friend using a surprise gift
2.    she was eager to donate to children in the rural area
3.    she was impressed by Elijah's passion for basketball
4.   she thought Elijah was unhappy with the broken hoop

22.    How did the family feel when they saw the new hoop?

1.   Touched. B. Satisfied. C. Relaxed. D. Honored.

23.    What influence did Aubrey's gift have on Elijah and his family?

1.   It helped Elijah achieve his dream.
2.    It reduced the family's financial burden.
3.    It gave the family warmth at a difficult time.
4.   It encouraged Elijah to bond with the other boys.

. B

Walking Water Science Experiment for Kids

Let's get set up for walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can  definitely be a part of! We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors. You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing. First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order. Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color. Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container. Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes. Place them into the test tubes. There will be two ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this point, you can set up a stopwatch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix.

Before you insert the strips, you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen. Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment? Will the water walk? You can start the conversation with "What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water?"

The whole process starts pretty quickly, but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other. Extend the science activity: pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait. Make sure to check on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity! As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip. It meets up with the other colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip. Where the primary colors interact, they turn into the secondary colors. Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.

The experiment is colorful and simple to do! Plus, it is interesting for multiple ages. Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.

24.    What materials are needed for the experiment?

1.   Test tubes, food coloring and paper towel.
2.    Drinking water, test tubes and a notebook.
3.    Food coloring, water cups and a paper cutter.
4.   Mixed colors, towel strips and food containers.

25.    In the experiment, you're expected to      .

1.   add three colors into each container
2.    set up a stopwatch from the beginning
3.    put colorful towel strips in the test tubes
4.   stir each test tube to make the color even

26.    Water in the test tubes can walk because     .

1.   food coloring has the power to take in water
2.    towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travel
3.    water flows naturally under the influence of gravity
4.   colors interact with each other and thus travel easily

C

For today5s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, "efficient" is what it's supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it's best, at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.

However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops — both of which are happening now — the system falls apart.

Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns （封锁）.At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy won't work for every crop: Ghana, the world's top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people stalled focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.

The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries — including Russia and Vietnam — imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.

Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada's beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.

Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate （使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. This doesn't mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.

One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.

27.    In theory, specialization of the food system    .

1.    adapts to changes efficiently B. balances supply and demand

C. focuses on essential items D. reduces costs of production

28.    The underlined word "fragility" in Paragraph 5 means    .

1.    weakness B. diversity

C. unfairness D. complexity

29.    What can we learn from the passage?

1.    A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.
2.    Grain prices rise due to Africa's dependence on importation.
3.    Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.
4.    Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.

30.    The main purpose of this passage is to     .

1.    expose food security issues during the crisis
2.    advocate establishing diverse local food systems
3.    discuss the development of a sustainable economy
4.    prove the importance of sound government policies

D

Every day, it seems that some new algorithm （算法）enables computers to diagnose a disease with unprecedented accuracy, renewing predictions that computer's will soon replace doctors. What if computers could replace patients as well? If virtual humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a coronavirus vaccine trial, it could have sped development of a preventive tool and slowed down the pandemic. Similarly, potential vaccines that weren't likely to work could have been identified early, reducing trial costs and avoiding testing poor vaccine candidates on living volunteers. These are some of the benefits of "in silico medicine", or the testing of drugs and treatments on virtual organs or body systems to predict how a real person will respond to the therapies.

The modeling begins by feeding anatomical data drawn from noninvasive （非侵入式）high- resolution imaging of an individual's actual organ into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms that govern that organ's function. Algorithms running on powerful computers resolve the resulting equations and unknowns, generating a virtual organ that looks and behaves like the real thing.

In silico clinical trials are already underway to an extent. HeartFlow Analysis, for instance, enables clinicians to identify CAD （冠心病）based on CT images of a patient's heart. The HeartFlow system uses these images to construct a fluid dynamic model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels, thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to decide whether and how to intervene. Experimenting on digital models of individual patients can also help personalize therapy for any number of conditions and is already used in diabetes care.

The philosophy behind in silico medicine is not new. The ability to create and simulate the performance of an object under hundreds of operating conditions has been a cornerstone of engineering for decades, such as for designing electronic circuits, airplanes and buildings. Various obstacles remain to its widespread implementation in medical research and development.

The predictive power and reliability of this technology must be confirmed, and that will require several advances. Those include the generation of high quality medical databases from a large, ethnically diverse patient base that has both women and men; improvement of mathematical models to account for the many interacting processes in the body; and further modification of Al methods that were developed mainly for computer-based speech and image recognition and need to be extended to provide biological insights.

In recent years American and European regulators have approved some commercial uses of computer-based diagnostics, but meeting regulatory demands requires considerable time and money. Creating demand for these computer-based diagnostic tools is challenging as well. In silico medicine must be able to deliver cost-effective value for patients, clinicians and health care organizations to accelerate their adoption of the technology.

31.    According to the text, "in silico medicine" might help    .

1.    discover the cause of an illness
2.    quicken the creation of new medicine
3.    recognize the symptoms of a disease earlier
4.    avoid including unhealthy volunteers in trials

32.    We can learn from the text that HeartFlow Analysis    .

1.    works effectively in CAD treatment
2.    offers personalized therapies to patients
3.    reduces the chances of invasive operations
4.    builds models after identifying abnormal conditions

33.    According to the author, further application of "in silico medicine" requires  .

1.    money and time from the regulators
2.    replacement of old mathematical models
3.    more proof of its effectiveness and dependability
4.    progress in speech and image recognition technology

34.    Which of the following is the best title for the text?

1.    Looking to Al to End Experimental Study
2.    In Silico Medicine Saved Millions of Lives
3.    Exploring the Future of Algorithm in Medicine
4.    Virtual Patients Could Revolutionize Medicine

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。

What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem?

Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself （such as 'Tm a failure" and "I'm beautiful"） as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be. When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. 35

Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved.

36         They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.

37          As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.

It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect.

38         There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.

How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. 39 So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.

1.   There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
2.    When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it.
3.    Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
4.   People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
5.    This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
6.     They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
7.   High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: "Things are working out for your own good. Just give them some time/' Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me.

Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nutrients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesn't appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years.

Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a farmer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end.

Life is not always straightforward. Most often, it's not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1).

Life can be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2).

Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending.

We might live in a microwave generation where everything seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times.

40.     What happened to the author in the final year of college?
41.     How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year?
42.     Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come.

43.     Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words)

第二节(20分) ，

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你校将在海淀公园举行“阳光长跑”活动，请你给国 际部好友Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：

1.    活动信息；
2.     注意事项。 ，

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内）