高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness导学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness导学案，共22页。学案主要包含了词块积累，巧学助记，句式解构，要点拾遗，导图理词，情境应用等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
Listening and Talking 
· Reading for Writing 
Voice your opinion on sportsmanship
Ⅰ. 话题句式
1. Good sportsmanship is more important than winning.
良好的体育精神比获胜更重要。
2. It’s more important to help each other than to win.
互帮互助比赢得比赛更重要。
3. It’s just part of the race.
这只是比赛的一部分。
4. Winning isn’t always the most important thing.
获胜不总是最重要的事情。
5. Helping others should always come first.
帮助他人应该是第一位的。
Ⅱ. 情境交际(听录音补全对话)
Cao Jing: Hi, Lily. Hi, Max. You saw the race yesterday, didn’t you?
Max: Hello, Cao Jing. No, I didn’t. What (1)happened?
Cao Jing: Two girls were on the final lap. They had nearly finished the race and had only a hundred metres to go, when one of the girls fell and couldn’t (2)get up.  
Lily: Oh, my! So the other girl won, did she?
Cao Jing: No, that’s what was so cool. She (3)stopped and helped the other girl finish the race.  
Max: What? Why did she do that?
Cao Jing: I think she thought it was (4)the right thing to do. It’s more important to help each other than to win.  
Lily: I don’t agree. If someone falls during a race, that’s too bad. It’s just part of the race.
Max: Exactly! If you’ve practised hard for the race, you should do your best (5)to win.  
Cao Jing: I don’t think so. Winning isn’t always the most important thing.
Lily: But that doesn’t make any sense. What if an athlete is (6)competing for her country? She should think about the fans and the honour.  
Cao Jing: I see what you mean, but I still don’ t think that you’re right. (7)Helping others should always come first.  
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. do one’s best to win　　　　竭尽全力获胜
2. compete for one’s country 为自己的国家而比赛
3. make (no)sense 有(没)道理
4. pretend to fall down 假摔
5. get a chance to play sports 有机会做运动
6. cheat in the match 比赛中作弊
7. finish the race 完成比赛
8. practice hard 刻苦训练
Ⅱ. 听说演练
　　Our class had a heated discussion about 1. sportsmanship of football players(足球运动员的体育精神).  
　　Some think that a soccer player should not pretend to fall down in the match 2. even if he wants to help his team(即使他想帮助他的团队). Others think that it makes sense because it can help their team to win. We all think that every player 3. should compete for his country (应该为他的祖国而比赛)instead of money. Meanwhile, the audience wants fair play, so a player should never cheat in the match.  
　　In my view, 4. good sportsmanship is more important than winning(优秀的体育精神比赢得比赛更重要). If one gets hurt in the match, others should help him in time.  

Ⅰ. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词
1. pretend to fall down　　　　 假装摔倒
2. millions of yuan 数百万元
3. you should never cheat 你永远都不应该作弊
4. thousands of audience 数以千计的观众
5. have a positive attitude 有积极的态度
6. look like the slim girls 看起来像那些苗条的女孩
7. try every new diet 尝试各种新的饮食
8. make exercise like jogging more enjoyable
使慢跑这样的锻炼更有趣
9. compete for his/her country为他/她的祖国而比赛→a friendly competition (n. )一场友好的比赛→a competitive (adj. ) company一个具有竞争力的公司→a new competitor (n. ) turned up一个新竞争者出现了
10. heavy stress (n. )沉重的压力→a stressful (adj. ) lifestyle 一个充满压力的生活方式→feel stressed (adj. )感到压力很大
Ⅱ. 必备短语: 英汉双译
1. make sense　　　　　　 有道理; 合乎情理; 表述清楚 
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 
3. even if/though 即使; 虽然 
4. make a difference 有作用或影响 
5. rather than 而不是 
6. cut. . . out 停止做(或使用、食用); 剪下
7. now and then 有时; 偶尔 
8. compare. . . with/to. . . 与……比较
9. be positive about 对……积极的 
10. make a list of 列举清单 
Ⅲ. 必备句式: 根据课文及句意完成句子
1. I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.  
我总是努力想让自己看起来像电视上的那些苗条女孩, 即使我知道这是不可能的。
2. I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!  
我不知道一封信会有如此大的作用!
3. Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重, 事情就有了变化。
4. By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier.  
通过积极看待自我和自己的身体, 我变得更加快乐, 也更加健康了。

写一页健康簿

框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.

2. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
This passage is about the author’s (1)change from being (2)worried about herself and body to be (3)positive about herself and body.
文本微观剖析: 特色表达
Try to recite the following useful sentences about health.
1. I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.  
2. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals.  
3. I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.  
4. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about myself.  

1. 话题词汇
①track and field 田径
②work out 锻炼; 计算出; 解决
③lose heart 丧失信心
④give up 放弃; 投降
⑤cut out 停止食用
⑥make it 获得成功
2. 话题句式
①Until last year, I was trying to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.
直到去年, 我总是努力想让自己看起来像电视上的苗条女孩, 即使我知道这是不可能的。
②I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online. 我担心自己的体重, 并尝试了我在网上阅读的每一种新饮食。
③I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!
我不知道一封信会有如此大的作用!
④I have some advice for you and I hope you will follow all of it. 我有一些建议给你, 我希望你能听取。
话题特点
　　写健康簿(健康手册)是学生们不太常见的一个形式, 但是健康这个话题是学生们熟悉的。作者从自己过去的健康问题出发, 思考自己产生变化的原因, 并陈述了现在的生活态度和状况, 可以给学生们的练习提供一个很好的思路。

　　假定你是李华, 写一篇短文介绍一些自己过去和现在健身方面的情况, 注意以下的要点:
过去
*认为运动不重要, 浪费时间, 影响学习
*不爱好运动, 体重增加, 容易生病, 经常气喘吁吁
现在
*定期锻炼, 增强了体力
*体重减轻了, 感觉比以前更健康和强壮了
将来
虽然运动需要决心, 我将继续坚持锻炼
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。



完成句子
1. 在过去, 我认为锻炼是无意义的。
In the past, I thought there was no sense in taking exercise.  
2. 我相信它(运动)浪费时间。这会影响我的学习。
I believed that it wasted a lot of time. It would affect my study.  
3. 我意识到学生多参加锻炼很有意义。
I realize that it makes great sense for students to do more exercise.  
4. 在闲暇时间, 我经常锻炼, 这增强了我的体力。
In my spare time, I often work out and it builds up my strength.  
5. 令我高兴的是, 我减轻了体重, 感到比以前更健康和强壮了。
To my delight, I have lost my weight and feel healthier and stronger than before.  
句式升级
6. 用定语从句合并句2。
I believed that it wasted a lot of time, which would affect my study.  
7. 用非谓语动词改写句4。
In my spare time, I often work out, building up my strength.  

　　In the past, I thought there was no sense in taking exercise. I believed that it wasted a lot of time, which would affect my study. So I showed no interest in sports. Gradually, I found that I put on weight and fell ill easily. Sometimes, I felt breathless even when walking.  
　　I realize that it makes great sense for students to do more exercise. At present I take exercise regularly. In my spare time, I often work out, building up my strength. To my delight, I have lost my weight and feel healthier and stronger than before.  
　　Even if taking exercise needs more determination, I will stick to it and I will be sure to make it.  

1. compete vi. 竞争; 对抗
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete for people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
为得到人们的空闲时间和钱, 博物馆要和其他娱乐活动竞争。
【词块积累】
(1)compete with/against sb. 　 与某人竞争/对抗
compete for sth. 为……而竞争/对抗
compete in sth. 参加比赛(或竞赛)
(2)competition n. 竞争; 比赛
competitive adj. 竞争的, 比赛的
competitor n. 竞争者, 对手
①Teams from ten classes in Grade One will compete with each other in Chunlei Theater.  
来自一年级的十个班的团队将在春雷剧场比赛。
②I’m greatly honoured to be here to compete for the opportunity.  
我很荣幸在这里为这次机会而竞争。
③The top 20 competitors will have the opportunity to compete in the next round.  
前二十名竞争者将有机会在下一轮参加比赛,
【巧学助记】语境助记compete
As a competitor, I will try my best to compete with others for the first prize in the fierce competition.
作为一名参赛选手, 我将尽我最大的努力与其他人在这场激烈的比赛中竞争一等奖。
2. pretend vt. & vi. 装扮; 假装
(教材原句)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.
足球运动员不应该假摔, 即使这有助于他/她的队伍。
【词块积累】
pretend to do sth. 　　　　假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装做过某事
pretend to be sb. /sth. 假装是某人/物
pretend+ that (从句) 假装……
①Anyway, I didn’t want to make trouble, so I decided to pretend to ignore it.  
无论如何, 我不想制造麻烦, 因此我决定假装忽视它。
②(2019·天津高考)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.  
因此, 我带着一本书, 每天晚上, 为了和她一样, 我会假装正在读书。
③He pretended to have forgotten the conversation after that night.  
那天晚上之后, 他假装已经忘记了谈话内容。
3. stress n. 压力; 紧张; 重音vt. 重读; 强调; 使焦虑不安
vi. 焦虑不安
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure.
看绿色的、正在成长的事物能够减少压力, 降低血压。
【词块积累】
(1)be under stress　　 在受力时, 在压力之下
place stress on 强调
stress out/stress sb. (out) (使某人)焦虑不安, 疲惫不堪
(2)stressful adj. 紧张的, 压力重的
stressed adj. 感到紧张的, 有压力的
①Students will be under stress with their parents accompanying them.  
父母陪伴他们的时候, 学生们会有压力。
②However, I’m always feeling stressed out because my efforts don’t seem to pay off.  
然而, 我总是感到焦虑不安, 因为我的付出似乎得不到回报。
③If you are really stressed(stress), you’d better listen to music, to release your pressure.
如果你真的感到紧张, 你最好听听音乐来释放压力。

under stress指“在压力下”的状态, 其中stress为不可数名词, 一般不用冠词; 而在表示“在. . . . . . 的压力下”时, of结构作stress的定语, 故stress前用the修饰表特指。
4. make a difference 有作用或影响
(教材原句)I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!
我不知道一封信会有如此大的作用!
【词块积累】
make no difference　　　　 无影响
make some/much difference 有些/大有影响
tell the difference between. . . and. . .
区别……和……的不同
①I believe such measures will make a difference to your life and study.  
我相信这些措施将会对你的生活和学习起到作用。
②Looking at the back of the boy, David hoped his action could make some difference to the boy.  
看着小男孩的背影, 大卫希望他的举动能对小男孩产生一些影响。
③We can be smart buyers if we can tell the difference between the falsehood and the fact.  
如果我们能够区别真假, 我们就能成为聪明的购物者。
5. I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.  
我同意这样的观点: 一个足球运动员不应该假摔即使这有助于他或她的队伍。
【句式解构】
the idea 后是that引导的同位语从句, 其中even if引导的是让步状语从句, even if意为“即使, 尽管”。
①(2019·浙江高考)Even if/though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.  
尽管所有的音乐团队都有一种共同的精神, 但是他们创作的音乐非常不同。
②I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal even if/though I meet with difficulties.  
我总是精神十足, 即使我遇到困难, 也从不停止追求我的目标。
③I have bought a robot who looks as if he were a real person.  
我买了一个看起来和真人一样的机器人。
【词块积累】
even if/though　　　　 即使, 尽管
as if/though 似乎, 好像
【要点拾遗】
1. positive adj. 积极的; 正面的; 乐观的; 肯定的
(经典例句)Overseas study tours can have a positive influence on the future development of students.
海外游学对学生将来的发展有积极的影响。
【词块积累】
(1)be positive about　　　 对……乐观
(2)negative adj. 否定的; 消极的
①(2019·北京高考)Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she is also positive about what the future might bring.  
摩尔对自己做的糖果充满热情, 她对未来可能带来的东西也持乐观态度。
②We should develop a positive attitude, which allows us to look at things positively no matter what happens.
我们应该培养一个积极的态度, 无论发生什么, 都让我们积极地看待事物。
③Fast food has a negative influence on people’s health, leading to serious illnesses.
快餐对人的健康有坏的影响, 会导致严重的疾病。
2. diet n. 日常饮食; 规定饮食 vi. 节食
(教材原句)I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online. 我担心我的体重, 我尝试了在网上看到过的各种新的饮食方法。
【词块积累】
be/go on a diet　　　　　 节食
a balanced diet 均衡饮食
①You will feel better if you keep regular exercise and go on a diet long enough.  
如果你能定期锻炼身体并长时间节食, 你将会感觉好些。
②Not only should we keep a healthy diet, but we should also balance our studies and relaxation.  
我们不仅要健康饮食, 我们也应该平衡我们的学习和放松。
③During festivals and celebrations, doctors remind people to have a balanced diet.  
节日和庆典期间, 医生提醒人们均衡饮食。
3. cheat vt. & vi. 欺骗; 作弊 n. 骗子; 欺骗手段
(2020·天津高考 )Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her money.
在和一位钱被骗了的老太太聊完之后, 琼斯有了这个想法。
【词块积累】
cheat sb. (out) of sth. 　　　(尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)阻止某人得到某物
cheat sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事

①Once cheated, I would never trust the person who cheated me.
一旦被欺骗, 我就再也不会信任欺骗我的那个人了。
②It is reported that many elders were cheated out of their money these days.  
据报道, 这些天很多老人的钱被骗走了。
③I was once cheated into buying a fake cellphone by a salesman.  
我曾经被一个销售员哄骗着买了一个假手机。
4. make sense 有道理; 合乎情理; 表述清楚
(2021·浙江高考)It seemed to make perfect sense at the time. 这在当时似乎是非常合理的。
【词块积累】
make no sense　　　　　　　 　 无意义
make sense of 理解
a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任感
There is no sense/point (in) doing sth. 做某事是无意义的
①I think it just wastes time and makes no sense.  
我觉得那是浪费时间, 毫无意义。
②If they cannot make sense of the speeches, they will lose interest in learning English.  
如果他们不能理解这些演讲, 他们将失去学英语的兴趣。
③We will hold an English humorous story speech contest to develop our sense of humor and practice our spoken English.  
我们将举办英语幽默故事演讲竞赛, 来提高我们的幽默感, 锻炼我们的口语。
④Therefore, dear friend, there’s no sense worrying about it too much.  
因此, 亲爱的朋友, 太过于担忧这件事没任何意义。
5. rather than　而不是
(教材原句)Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重, 事情开始发生变化。
【词块积累】
(1)would rather. . . than. . . 　宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)other than 不同于; 除了
more than 超过; 不仅仅是; 非常
①It is better to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand rather than send E-mails.  
我们最好给亲戚朋友们写信而不是发电子邮件。
②I’d like to go there by train rather than by air.  
我宁愿坐火车而不是乘飞机去那里。
③The students, rather than their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.
这个周末学生们, 而不是他们的老师, 要去野餐。
④I’m more than glad to receive your letter, asking about what you should pay attention to when visiting a friend.  
我非常高兴收到你的来信, 询问拜访朋友时应该注意什么。

(1)rather than连接两个并列成分。
(2)连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)连接两个不定式时, 后需用省略to的不定式形式。
6. cut. . . out 剪下; 删除; 删去; 停止做(或使用、食用)
(教材原句)Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. 我往我的饭菜中加入了健康食品, 没有削减我喜欢的食物。
【导图理词】

①You should cut out the unimportant details.
你应当删除掉这些不重要的细节。
②Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost.
很多树木正在被砍伐, 越来越多的森林消失了。
③It is suggested that we should cut off the Internet connection in the classroom.
有人建议我们应该断掉教室的网络连接。
④It’s impolite to cut in while others are speaking.
其他人在说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
7. compare. . . with/to. . . 与……比较
(教材原句)Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. 最后, 我不再把我自己与女演员和模特相比较, 不再寻找我脸上和身上的缺陷。
【词块积累】
(1)compare. . . with/to　　　　　 与……相比
compared with/to 和……相比
compare notes (with sb. ) 交换意见
(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比
①Some students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones with their classmates’.
一些学生可能把他们手机的品牌与同学的相对比。
②Compared with high fees of the western medicine, the TCM has a more reasonable price.  
与西药高昂的费用相比, 中药的价格更合理一些。
③The honour of being met by the president is really beyond compare.  
被总统接见的荣耀真是无与伦比啊。

Project: Make a survey on sports interests and needs
1. 分析海报的语篇结构, 并填出具体格式名称

Background: Some students like sports while others don’t. Recently our class conducted a survey about whether we should do exercise regularly.
35 students for it
20 students against it
①lose weight
②keep healthy
③develop teamwork
④make new friends
①a waste of time
②not the only way to keep healthy
③get injured easily
2. 根据以上内容写一篇体育调查报告
　　Some students like sports while others don’t. Recently our class conducted a survey about whether we should do exercise regularly. The details are (1)as follows. (细节如下) 
　　35 students say that they do exercise regularly in their daily life. Doing exercise (2)not only helps them lose weight, but keep fit(不仅帮助他们减肥, 还可以帮助他们保持健康). Some of them think that some sports, like football, can develop teamwork and help them make new friends.  
　　20 students don’t like doing exercise. They think it is not the only way to keep healthy. Some of them even think (3)it is a waste of time doing exercise(锻炼身体是浪费时间). Also, some (4)are afraid of getting injured(害怕受伤).  

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. How many countries competed(竞争) in the ancient Olympic Games?
2. The rich man offered more than one million(百万) dollars to help the poor people.
3. It is wrong of you to cheat(作弊) in the exam.
4. The film is a great success and is popular with the audience(观众) of different ages.
5. The boss decided to praise him for his positive(积极的)attitude towards work.
6. In my spare time, I like to jog(慢跑) and play tennis.
7. He pretended(假装) to his family that everything was fine.
8. Running every day takes energy of your body so you can stay slim(苗条的).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. We should have a balanced diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can provide vitamins that we need to remain healthy.  
我们应该均衡饮食, 多吃水果和蔬菜, 这能为我们提供保持健康所需的维生素。
2. If you pretend to know what you don’t know, you’ll only make a fool of yourself. 如果你不懂装懂就会闹笑话。 
3. President Xi put great stress on the utilization (利用) of cultural relics.  
习主席强调了文化遗产的利用。
4. Whether he is here or not will make no difference to our work.  
他在不在对我们的工作都没有影响。
5. Only by competing with/against each other can we make great progress in our study.  
只有相互竞争, 我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。
6. This sentence just doesn’t make sense, no matter how you read it.  
无论你怎样读这个句子, 它都讲不通。
7. The newly bought house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one.  
与他的旧房子相比, 新买的房子像一座大宫殿。
8. Even though I didn’t get the first place, I was very happy because many of my classmates cheered for me.  
即使我没得到第一, 我也很高兴, 因为我的很多同学都为我加油助威。
选词填空
make a difference, cut out, millions of, make sense of, even if, rather than, go on a diet, be positive about, now and then, compare. . . to/with
1. Sorting garbage is a great way to protect the environment. We believe everyone can make a difference.  
2. During the National Day holiday, millions of people take the trip around the country.  
3. Thus, they were never required to go on a diet.  
4. Compared with the Internet, it does little harm to our bodies, especially our eyes.  
5. Even if he met with many difficulties, he didn’t lose heart.  
6. We couldn’t make sense of what he wanted to express.  
7. My father has a collection of magazines which I read now and then.  
8. I suggest that you should be positive about learning Chinese.  
9. May I cut out the article on the magazine about my performance?  
10. We should bring our own reusable shopping bags rather than buy plastic bags.  

单
词
1. soccer　　　　n. 足球
2. stadium n. 体育场; 运动场
3. boxing n. 拳击(运动)
4. badminton n. 羽毛球运动
5. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
6. event n. 比赛项目; 大事; 公开活动
7. ski adj. 滑雪的　vi. 滑雪
8. host vt. 主办; 主持
n. 主人; 东道主; 节目主持人
9. track n. 跑道; 足迹; 铁路轨道
vt. &vi. 追踪; 跟踪
10. gym n. 健身房; 体育馆
11. gymnastics n. 体操(训练)
12. sweat vt. 使出汗; 出汗弄湿
vi. 出汗; 流汗　n. 汗水; 出汗
13. athlete n. 运动员; 运动健儿
14. master n. 高手; 主人　vt. 精通; 掌握
15. honour n. 荣誉; 尊敬; 荣幸
16. medal n. 奖章; 勋章
17. champion n. 冠军; 优胜者
18. captain n. (运动队)队长; 船长; 机长
19. pretend vi. &vt. 假装; 装扮
20. legend n. 传奇故事(或人物)
21. graceful　　　　adj. 优美的; 优雅的
22. million num. 一百万
23. cheat vi. 作弊　vt. 欺骗 n. 骗子
24. audience n. 观众; 听众
25. positive adj. 积极的; 正面的; 乐观的
26. slim adj. 苗条的; 单薄的
27. diet n. 日常饮食
28. rather adv. 相当
29. jog vi. &n. 慢跑
30. error n. 错误; 差错
31. strength n. 力量; 体力→strengthen vt. 加强; 巩固
32. compete vi. 竞争; 对抗→competitive adj. 竞争的; 比赛的; 求胜心切的→competitor n. 竞争者→competition n. 竞争; 比赛; 竞赛
33. determine vt. 决定; 确定; 下定决心→determination n. 决心; 决定→determined adj. 坚决的; 有决心的
34. stress n. 压力; 强调; 紧张vt. 强调; 使紧张; 加压力于→stressful adj. 有压力的; 紧张的→stressed adj. 紧张的; 感到有压力的
35. injure v. 伤害; 损害→injury n. 伤害; 损伤→injured adj. 受伤的; 受损害的
36. champion n. 冠军; 优胜者→championship n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛; 冠军称号
37. fail vi. 失败, 不及格 衰退vt. 不及格; 使失望→failure n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物)
短
语
1. come along　　　　　跟随; 到达; 进步; 赶快
2. fall apart 破裂; 破碎; 崩溃
3. even if /though 即使; 虽然
4. now and then 有时; 偶尔
5. compare. . . to /with 与……比较
6. give up 放弃; 投降
7. lose heart 丧失信心; 泄气
8. track and field 田径
9. make sense 有道理; 合乎情理; 表述清楚
10. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
11. make a difference　　　　有作用或影响
12. work out 锻炼; 计算出; 解决
13. cut. . . out 停止做(或使用、食用); 剪下
14. make it 获得成功; 准时到达
15. set an example 树立榜样
16. home and abroad 国内外
17. take part in 参加
18. be up to 由……决定
19. be known as 作为……而出名
20. rather than 而不是
句
式
结
构
1. who引导的定语从句
They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.
他们必须是精通他们的运动项目的运动员, 并且是他人学习的楷模。
2. that引导的定语从句
The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.
由郎平一手打造的团队处于崩溃的边缘。
3. because of+名词
One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了, 而且队长也因心脏问题不得不离队。
4. 动名词作主语
Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.
损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战, 但是郎平没有气馁。
5. 现在完成进行时
The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”, 从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
6. even if/though引导的让步状语从句
A soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.
足球运动员不应该假摔, 即使这有助于他或她的队伍。

Who Moved My Cheese? (excerpt Ⅰ)
　　. . . Move with the Cheese and enjoy it! The end. . . or is it a new beginning?
　　A Discussion: Later That Same Day
　　When Michael finished telling the story, he looked around the room and saw his former classmates smiling at him. Several thanked him and said they got a good deal out of the story.
　　Nathan asked the group, “What would you think of getting together later and maybe discussing it? ”
　　Most of them said they would like to talk about it, and so they arranged to meet later for a drink before dinner.
　　That evening, as they gathered in a hotel lounge, they began to kid each other about finding their “Cheese” and seeing themselves in the Maze. Then Angela good-naturedly asked the group, “So, who were you in the story? Sniff, Scurry, Hem or Haw? ”
　　Carlos answered, “Well I was thinking about that this afternoon. I clearly remember a time before I had my sporting goods business, when I had a rough encounter with change. ”
“I wasn’t Sniff—I didn’t sniff out the situation and see the change early. And I certainly wasn’t Scurry—I didn’t go into action immediately. ”
　　“I was more like Hem, who wanted to stay in familiar territory. The truth is, I didn’t want to deal with change. I didn’t even want to see it. ”
　　Michael, who felt like no time had passed since he and Carlos were close friends in school, asked, “What are you talking about, Carlos? ”
　　Carlos said, “An unexpected change of jobs. ”
　　Michael laughed. “You were fired? ” 
　　“Well let’s just say I didn’t want to go out looking for New Cheese. I thought I had a good reason why change shouldn’t happen to me. So, I was pretty upset at the time. ”
　　Some of their former classmates who had been quiet in the beginning felt more comfortable now and spoke up, including Frank, who had gone into the military.
　　“Hem reminds me of a friend of mine, ” Frank said. “His department was closing down, but he didn’t want to see it. They kept relocating his people. We all tried to talk to him about the many other opportunities that existed in the company for those who wanted to be flexible, but he didn’t think he had to change. He was the only one who was surprised when his department closed. Now he’s having a hard time adjusting to the change he didn’t think should happen. ”
　　Jessica said, “I didn’t think it should happen to me either, but my ‘Cheese’ has been moved more than once. ”
　　Many in the group laughed, except Nathan.
导语: 《谁动了我的奶酪? 》是美国作家斯宾塞·约翰逊创作的一个寓言故事, 该书首次出版于1998年。书中主要讲述四个“人物”——两只小老鼠“嗅嗅”、“匆匆”和两个小矮人“哼哼”“唧唧”寻找奶酪的故事。

1. lounge　　　　 n. 起居室; 休息室
2. good-naturedly adv. 和蔼地
3. encounter n. 相遇, 邂逅

在故事情节展开过程中, 不可避免会涉及主人翁的各种情绪的表达, 其中经常见到的就是“笑”。本文中Michael laughed. “You were fired? ”一句中的laughed描述了Michael的开心, 接下来是一些表达“笑”的词汇:
smile at　　　　　 朝着……笑
smile broadly 大笑
with a wry smile 苦笑着
laugh heartily/hysterically 哈哈大笑
burst out laughing/burst into laughter 突然大笑
roar/scream/shriek with laughter 大声笑/尖声狂笑
a knowing smile 会意的微笑
giggle 咯咯地笑
smirk 得意地笑
【情境应用】
1. He looked across at Jos with a wry smile. “Oh, I understand. ”he said with a knowing smile.  
他苦笑着看了看Jos。“噢, 我明白。”他会意地笑着说。
2. If you can’t stop giggling you’ll have to leave the class room.
译: 如果你无法停止咯咯地笑, 你就得离开教室。
名著译文:
《谁动了我的奶酪? 》 (节选1)
　　……随着奶酪变化, 并享受变化! 结局……或者是新的开始?
　　讨 论: 同一天傍晚, 故事讲完以后的讨论
　　迈克尔讲完他的故事以后, 环顾四周, 发现他的老同学们都在微笑着倾听, 有几个人站起身来向他表示感谢, 说他们从故事中得到了很多启发。
　　内森问大家: “一会儿我们聚在一起讨论一下这个故事, 你们觉得怎样? ”
　　大多数人都表示他们的确很想谈一谈自己的感受。于是, 他们决定在吃晚餐之前, 先去喝点东西, 然后一起讨论一下这个故事。
　　当天晚上, 他们聚集在饭店的休息室里, 开始相互取笑对方在迷宫中寻找各自的“奶酪”。安杰拉和蔼地询问道: “你们觉得自己是这故事中的谁? 嗅嗅和匆匆, 还是哼哼或唧唧? ”
　　卡洛斯回答说: “呃, 整个下午, 我都在考虑这个问题。我清楚地记得, 有一段时间, 在我开始我的运动器材生意之前, 我曾遇到过一次突如其来的改变。”
　　“我不是嗅嗅——我没能及早嗅出潜在的危机并看出已经发生的变化。我也不像匆匆——因为我没有立即投入行动。”
　　“我想我更像是哼哼, 我只愿意待在自己熟悉的领域。事实上, 我不想去应对改变, 我甚至不想看到变化。”
　　迈克尔和卡洛斯在学校时是好朋友, 现在还是像从前一样亲密, 他不解地问道: “卡洛斯, 你所说的那个突然的改变究竟是怎么回事? ”
　　卡洛斯说: “一个工作上的意想不到的变化。”
　　迈克尔笑起来: “你被开除了? ”
　　“噢, 还不如说, 我只是从来不曾想过要去寻找新的奶酪。我曾经想到一个好的理由, 总觉得变化不应该发生在我身上。所以, 那段时间, 我感到非常沮丧。”
　　刚开始的时候, 有几位同学一直没有参加讨论, 现在感到更自在也都开始了议论。其中包括已经应征入伍的弗兰克。
　　“哼哼使我想起了我的一位朋友, ”他说: “所有迹象显示他所在的部门将被裁撤, 但他不肯面对这个现实。公司为所有人做了重新安排。我们都试图劝说他, 只要愿意改变, 公司里还有很多其他的机会, 但他始终觉得自己没有必要改变。当他所在的部门最终关闭时, 他是唯一惊讶得不知所措的人。现在, 他正在做出艰难的调整, 以适应他认为不该发生的变化。”
　　杰西卡说: “我也一向认为这种事情不会发生在我身上, 但我的“奶酪”的确已经不止一次地被拿走了。”
除了内森以外, 大家都笑了。