2_必修第一册　Unit 2　Exploring English练习题

这是一份2_必修第一册　Unit 2　Exploring English练习题，共22页。试卷主要包含了　ppsing　adj，　unique　adj，　alarm　n，　cntact　v，　likely　adj，　resurce　n，　remind　v，　rather　adv等内容，欢迎下载使用。
必修第一册　Unit 2　Exploring English
(主题语境:人与自我——学习英语、探索英语)



第一步　默写达标

分层单词
▶写作词汇
1.　opposing　adj.(观点、意见等)相反的,相对立的 
2.　unique　adj.独一无二的,独特的 
3.　alarm　n.警报器;闹钟 
4.　contact　v.联系,联络 
5.　likely　adj.可能的,可能发生的 
6.　resource　n.资料,(教学)资源 
7.　remind　v.提醒,使……想起 
8.　rather　adv.相当,颇 
9.　comment　n.评论 
10.　negative　adj.消极的,负面的 
▶阅读词汇
1.title n.　题目,标题　 
2.ham n.　火腿　 
3.type n.　类型,种类　 
4.subway n.　地铁　 
5.gas n.　汽油　 
6.petrol n.　汽油　 
7.apartment n.　一套住房,公寓套房　 
8.flat n.　一套住房,公寓套房　 
9.context n.　上下文,语境　 
10.frog n.　蛙,青蛙　 
11.downtown adj.　在城镇中心区的,在闹市区的　 
12.boot n.　靴子　 
13.entrance n.　大门(口),入口(处)　 
14.section n.　区域　 
15.exit n.　出口　 
16.downstairs adv.　在楼下　 
17.odd adj.　奇特的,古怪的　 
▶拓展词汇
1.　behavior　n.行为,举止→　behave　v.表现,表现得体 
2.　confusing　adj.令人困惑的→　confuse　v.使困惑→　confused　adj.感到困惑的→　confusion　n.困惑,疑惑 
3.　reflect　v.显示,反映→　reflection　n.反映,思考,反射 
4.　creativity　n.创造性,创造力→　creative　adj.有创造性的,有创造力的→　creation　n.创作,创造→　create　v.创造 
5.　visible　adj.看得见的,可见的→　invisible　adj.看不见的 
6.　unfamiliar　adj.不熟悉的,不了解的→　familiar　adj.熟悉的,了解的→　familiarity　n.熟悉,通晓 
7.　addition　n.增加物,增添物→　add　v.增添,增加 
8.　intend　v.计划,打算→　intention　n.打算,计划 
9.　informal　adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→　formal　adj.正式的 
10.　recognise　v.认识,辨认出→　recognition　n.认识;认可 
11.　base　v.以……为基础→　basis　n.基础 
12.　aware　adj.意识到的,明白的→　awareness　n.意识 

高频短语
1.　get seasick　晕船 
2.　speak of　说起;说到 
3.　burn up　被烧毁;烧掉;(通过锻炼)消耗(热能);烧得更旺 
4.　burn down　烧毁;(火势)减弱 
5.　fill in/out　填充;填写 
6.　wind up　给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束 
7.　come across　偶然发现 
8.　calm...down　使……镇静;使……平静 
9.　be made up of　由……组成 
10.　be referred to as　被看作……,被认为是…… 
11.　be short for　是……的缩写(简称) 
12.　make sure　确保,保证 
13.　broaden one's knowledge　拓宽某人的知识 
14.　remind sb. of sth.　提醒某人某事 
15.　play safe with　对……求稳;在……方面不冒险 
16.　have a frog in one's throat　(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难 

经典句型
1.Have you ever asked yourself why people often 　have trouble learning English　 (在学习英语方面有困难)?(have trouble doing sth.) 
2.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. 　Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple　(菠萝里面既没有松树也没有苹果).(neither...nor...倒装句) 
3.　That is why when the stars are out　(那就是为什么星星出来了的时候), they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.(why引导表语从句) 
4.　Not only can you post specific questions, but　(你不但可以就特定的问题发帖,而且) you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.(not only...but also倒装句) 
5.　I spent days preparing and writing　(我花了几天时间准备和写) my first English paper.[spend time (in) doing sth.] 
第二步　语境运用

语境词汇运用
▶单词拼写(注意所填单词的适当形式变化)
1.Unless the money is paid, we will be　contacting　(联系,联络) our legal department. 
2.There are few　visible　(可见的) signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long. 
3.Her　comments　(评论) on interest rates had little impact on financial markets. 
4.Passengers are　reminded　(提醒,使……想起) to take all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 
5.The warm winter has had a very　negative　(消极的,负面的) impact on the ski industry. 
6.His contribution to the project is　recognised　(认可) in all the reports. 
7.The article tries to show 　opposing　(相反的,相对的) viewpoints on the issue. 
8.The earth has limited 　resources　(资源), and if we don't recycle them we will use them up. 
9.The study showed that one in twelve women was 　likely　(可能的) to develop breast cancer. 
▶短语填空(注意所填短语的适当形式变化)
1.Brisk walking 　burns up　 (燃烧)more calories than slow jogging. 
2.While cleaning the attic yesterday, I 　came across　(偶然发现) an old photograph of my mother. 
3.The course 　is made up of　 (由……组成) 12 two-hour sessions. 
4.After he got into the car,he started 　winding/to wind　 the window 　up　(摇动把手). 
5.Call me Jo. It 　is short for　 (是……的简称) Joanna. 
6.Teachers in kindergarten 　are　 sometimes 　referred to as　(被认为是)leaders of children. 
7.His next step was to 　calm　himself 　down　(使平静), so that he could plan his moves strategically. 
8.　Speaking of　(说起,说到)the ways to study a foreign language,different people have different opinions on this. 
9.Please　fill in　(填写) this form, giving your name, age and address. 
10.Older equipment powered by fossil fuels should be inspected every year 　to make sure　(确保) it continues to be safe. 
▶单句填空(注意所填单词的适当形式变化)
1.His 　confused　 look showed that the 　confusing　 question 　confused　 him.(confuse) 
2.The experts and psychologists have been 　aware　 of the problem of phone addiction so they will work hard to increase public 　awareness　 of this problem. (aware) 
3.This information formed the 　basis　 of the report which was 　based　 on the solid scientific research.(base) 
4.We 　intend　 to go to Australia next year with the 　intention　 of learning English there.(intend) 
5.It is believed that animals 　behave　 differently before a natural disaster, and it is the unusual　behavior　 that warns that a natural disaster is coming.(behavior) 
6.In 　addition　 (add),the tuition is too high for their families to pay for. 
7.Our city has changed beyond all　recognition　 (recognise) in the past 20 years,a completely new one in front of me. 
经典句型仿写
1.许多家长坦率地承认他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。(have trouble doing sth.)
Many parents frankly admit that they 　have trouble bringing up　 their children. 
2.他既不知道也不关心目前的情况。(neither...nor...倒装句)
　Neither does he know nor cares about　 the current situation. 
3.空气不仅占据空间,而且它还具有重量。(not only...but also...倒装句)
　Not only does air occupy space　, but it also has weight. 
4.他狠狠地打了她,那就是她悲伤哭泣的原因。(why引导表语从句)
He gave her a good beating. 　That was why　 she was crying sadly. 
5.他编写这卷花了好几年时间。[spend time(in) doing sth.]
　He spent years　 in compiling this volume.  




◆练中悟词
写出下列句中画线单词的意思。
①(2020江苏)We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely recognize the food. 　　　 
②(2020课标全国Ⅰ)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.　　　 

◆写中炼词
翻译句子。
③(2020课标全国Ⅱ)通过参加这次采摘活动,我意识到了工作的重要性。(aware)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
④(2020新高考全国Ⅰ)她花了很多时间去拜访穷人。(spend...doing sth.)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①认出,辨别出　②以……为基础
③Through participating in this picking activity, I have become aware of the significance of work.
④She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.

◆链接
“in-”词块:
informal adj. 非正式的
incomplete adj. 不完整的,不完全的
incompetent adj. 无能力的
incomprehensible adj. 无法理解的
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
inconsistent adj. 不一致的




1 confusing adj. 令人困惑的
◆语法填空
　　The ①　　　　 look on his face suggested that he was ②　　　　 about the ③________ questions asked by his parents.(confuse)
◆完成句子
④他们对发生的事所做的陈述自相矛盾,这使我迷惑不解。
They 　　　　　　　　of what had happened. 
⑤他困惑地看着我,并没有回答这个问题。
He 　　　　　　　　and did not answer the question.  
答案　①confused　②confused　③confusing
④confused me with conflicting accounts
⑤looked at me in confusion


(1)confuse v. 使迷惑,(将……)混淆
confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
(2)confused adj. 困惑的
be confused about sth.对某事迷惑不解
(3)confusion n. 混乱,困惑
in confusion困惑地,混乱地
易错
v.-ing形式的形容词表示事物的性质和特征,意为“令人……的”;v.-ed形式的形容词往往表示人所处的状态,意为“感到……的”。另外,修饰face、look、expression、voice时,常用v.-ed形式的形容词。


2 remind v. 提醒,使想起
◆单句填空
①(2020·1月浙江改编)It reminds her　　　　children who are afraid to take risks or unwilling to try again when they fall down.  
②Confucius believed knives would remind people　　　　killings and were too violent for use at the table. 
◆单句写作
③鲁迅在他的桌子上刻了“早”字来提醒自己早起。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①that　②of　③Lu Xun reminded himself to get up early by carving “early” on his desk.


(1)remind sb. of (doing) sth.提醒某人(做)某事
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that...使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物



联想
常见“v.+sb.+of sth.”的短语:
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事


3 intend v. 计划,打算
◆单句填空
①I intend 　　　　(continue) it and see the job through to the finish. 
◆单句写作
②据说目前正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童准备的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
③设立这个项目为无家可归者提供帮助。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①to continue　②The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.　③This program was set up with an intention of providing help to homeless people.


(1)intend to do sth. 打算做某事
be intended for专门为……准备/设计的
(2)intention n. 打算,意图
with the intention of 打算……;有……目的
联想
常见的“本打算做某事”的固定搭配:
had intended to do sth.=intended to have done sth.
had planned to do sth.=planned to have done sth.
had meant to do sth.=meant to have done sth.


4 recognise v. 认识,辨认出;承认
◆单句填空
①China's image is improving steadily, with more countries　　　　 (recognise) its role in international affairs. 
②Ella complained that the company never gave her any 　　　　(recognise) for her work. 
◆同义词转换
③He was presented with a gold watch to show respect for his years as club secretary.
→He was presented with a gold watch 　　　　　　　 
his years as club secretary.

◆句型转换
④Lightning Bolt is recognised to be/as a genius for dash.
→　　　　　　　　 Lightning Bolt is a genius for dash.(主语从句) 
答案　①recognising　②recognition　③in recognition of　④It is recognised that


(1)recognise...as/to be...承认……是……
it is recognised that...……是公认的
(2)recognition n. 认识,认出;承认
in recognition of为承认……;用以肯定……


5 base v. 以……为基础 n. 基部;基础;基地
◆单句填空
①One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain a good knowledge of 　　　　(base) word formation. 
②The newspaper had intended to base itself　　　　London. 
◆一句多译
多层次社会结构还允许动物根据它们所面临的任何挑战来调整它们的群体规模。
③Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes　　　　　　　　 whatever challenges they're facing. 
④Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes　　　　　　　　 whatever challenges they're facing. 
◆单句写作
⑤这部小说是根据真实故事写成的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①basic　②in　③based on　④on the basis of　⑤The novel is based on a true story.


(1)be based on/upon 以……为基础;根据……
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based in基地(总部)在……
(2)basis n.基准;基础
on the basis of 基于……,以……为基础
(3)basic adj. 基本的;基础的


6 aware adj. 意识到的,明白的
◆单句填空
①The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists trying to increase　　　　 (aware) of this problem. 
②I am totally aware　　　　team spirit and understand how to cooperate with others. 
◆完成句子
③他们很清楚公司正在亏损。
They 　　　　　　　　the company was losing money. 
答案　①awareness　②of　③were well aware that



(1)be/become aware of知道/明白……;意识到……
be aware that...知道/体会到……
(2)awareness n.知道;认识;意识
raise one's awareness提高某人的意识



1 burn down 烧毁
◆赏句猜义
①Usually the satellites burn up about 100 km above the earth.　　　 
②Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race?　　　 
③Mum put more wood on the fire to make it burn up and the room became warm gradually. 　　　 
◆单句填空
④If you do not slow down and take a break, you will burn 　　　　very quickly. 
⑤If you forget to turn off the iron when you go away, you might burn 　　　　the house. 
⑥Many of the wooden houses in the village were burned 　　　　the ground in the big fire. 
答案　①烧毁　②消耗(热能)　③烧得更旺　④out　⑤down　⑥to


burn up被烧掉;烧毁;消耗(热能)
burn out燃尽;耗尽体力
burn sth. to the ground将……烧毁


2 look forward to 期盼,盼望
◆单句填空
①I'm looking forward to　　　　(see) his new film as soon as possible. 
②I was very happy that the letter I had been looking forward to　　　　 (come) at last. 
③The kids are looking forward to　　　　 (take) to the zoo this weekend. 
④They set up a working party to look　　　　 the issue. 
◆单句写作
⑤(2018课标全国Ⅱ)我们期待您的热情参与。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①seeing　②came　③being taken　④into
⑤We are looking forward to your warm participation.


look into 往里看;调查
look out向外看;当心;小心
look up to仰慕;尊敬;赞赏
look down on/upon蔑视;轻视;看不起
易错
对look forward to的考查常常有两种形式:一种是考查to是介词,其后接名词、代词或者是动名词形式作宾语,尤其考查学生对doing的使用;另一种是look forward to是定语从句的一部分,主要考查的词是谓语动词而非look forward to的宾语。
联想
“动词+介词to”构成的常用短语:
pay attention to 注意　　　get down to 开始认真做
be/get used to 习惯于　　　　　refer to 参考;涉及;指的是
lead to 导致



1 This/That is why... 这/那是……的原因


That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来的时候我们能看到星星,而灯灭了的时候我们却看不到灯光。

◆单句填空
①He overslept and got up too late this morning and that was 　　　　he missed the train. 
②Tom was absent from class. That was 　　　　he was ill. 
③The reason 　　　　Tom was absent from class was that he was ill. 
◆一句多译
她很伤心, 那是因为她儿子在一次事故中丧生了。
④She was very sad. 　　　　　　　　her son was killed in an accident. 
⑤Her son was killed in an accident. 　　　　　　　　she was very sad. 
⑥The reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　her son was killed in an accident. 
答案　①why　②because　③why　④That was because　⑤That was why　⑥why she was very sad was that


This/That is why...是一个常用句型, 意为“这/那是……的原因”, 其中why引导表语从句, 表示结果。
归纳
(1)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为…… (because引导表语从句, 表示原因)
(2)The reason for (doing) sth./why...is that... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句,表示结果;that引导表语从句, 表示原因)


2 not only...but also... 连接并列成分


Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖,而且可以通过阅读全世界其他英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。

◆单句填空
①Not only the students but also the teacher 　　　　(be) against the plan. 
②Either you or Tom　　　　(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 
◆句型转换
③The sun not only gives us light, but also gives us heat.
→　　　　　　　　, but it also gives us heat.(倒装句) 
◆单句写作
④(2019北京)您不仅将会帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人能力,还会学习新技能,提高文化意识。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案　①is/was　②is　③Not only does the sun give us light　④Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.


句中“Not only...but also...”结构意为“不仅……而且……”,其中but后可省略also。
归纳
1.not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
2.not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
易错
类似not only...but also...连接并列主语, 谓语动词的人称与数依据“就近原则”的结构还有:
neither...nor...　either...or...　not...but...






1教材与语法填空
　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you have any difficulty 　1　(learn) English better? Have you ever wondered why there is no ham 　2　 your hamburger 　3　 why you can't find any egg in eggplant? Maybe this will get you 　4　(think) how crazy the language of English is. We like to paint a 　5　(paint), and we are traveling in the car but we take a photo and travel 　6　 the bus. When we see the rain, we say “it 　7　(rain)” but can't say “it is sunshining” when seeing sunshine. The words are really 　8　(confuse). Such unique 　9　(mad) can be seen almost everywhere because English 　10　(reflect)the creativity of the human race. 
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 
答案
1.learning　2.in　3.and　4.thinking　5.painting　6.on　7.is raining　8.confusing　9.madness　10.reflects
2教材与话题写作
Ⅰ.用本单元所学词汇和句型完成句子
1.说到学习英语,我们可能会遇到很多不熟悉的单词。
　　　　　　　　 learning English, we may 　　　　　　　　. 
2.有时可能会让人感到困惑。
They may be 　　　　sometimes. 
3.我们应该意识到英语单词是由几个部分组成的——前缀、后缀和词根。
We should 　　　　　　　　English words 　　　　　　　　several parts—prefix, suffix and root.  
4.我们可以根据上下文猜出单词的意思。
We can guess the meaning of a word 　　　　　　　　.  
5.如果有更多的资源可用,我们不仅可以拓宽我们的知识,而且可以学好英语。
If more resources are available, 　　　　　　　　we can learn English well. 
答案
1.Speaking of; come across a lot of unfamiliar words　2.confusing
3.be aware that; are made up of　4.through the context　5.not only can we broaden our knowledge but also
Ⅱ.连句成篇
　　将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案
One possible version:
　　Speaking of learning English, we may come across a lot of unfamiliar words, which may be confusing sometimes. Actually, we should be aware that English words are made up of several parts—prefix, suffix and root. Besides, we can guess the meaning of a word through the context. If more resources are available, not only can we broaden our knowledge but also we can learn English well. 




Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选择。
(2021河南洛阳高三9月月考)
A
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin,” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important to his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking on China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast,” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We're seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provided professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness,” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of Confucius Institutes for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
1.Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A.Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B.Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C.Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D.Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
2.The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “　　　　”. 
A.a slight advantage
B.the outside limit
C.a sharp tone of voice
D.an exciting quality
3.Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A.Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B.Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C.The US government's policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D.Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.

4.What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A.The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B.The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C.The influence of China's growing power on American education.
D.The effect of Confucius Institutes on promoting Mandarin in the US.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,文章主要以一个美国学生的经历为例来讲述随着中国经济的发展,普通话在美国校园变得很流行。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important to his career. 可知,Thomas认为普通话对他今后的职业发展有帮助。故选B。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句及画线词所在句可知,汉语是一门全世界10亿人说的语言,专家认为掌握了它的人会在全球经济中有优势,故选A。
3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provided professional development programs for teachers.可知,美国政府的政策促进了普通话在美国的普及,故选C。
4.A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了美国学生学习普通话热情升温的现象,分析了出现该现象的原因,故选A。
B
(2018课标全国Ⅰ)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
6.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex.　　　　　B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.　　　　　D.Modern.
7.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800.　　　　　B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400.　　　　　D.About 1,200.
8.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少。
5.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一段第二句(当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式。)可知答案为B项(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有相似的模式;D:它们联系很紧密。
6.C　词义猜测题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。
7.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三段第一句(目前世界上大约有6,800种语言。)和第三段最后一句(……这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言,其使用人数不足6,000。)可知,答案为B项(6800×1/2=3400)。
8.C　主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题,即语言几千年来一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展,故答案为C项。


Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021河北衡水中学高三第一次联合考试)
Brainstorming really can play a role in your studies. It can help open up your imagination. 　1　 You can brainstorm alone or in a group ; either way can help increase the number of ideas you come up with. 
For instance, you can try free-writing. Write your problem at the top of a page. Once you do that, just begin writing. 　2　 Using this technique can help get your ideas flowing, as well as help you make connections you haven't thought of. When you've spent at least 10 or 15 minutes free-writing or when you feel like you've reached a stopping point, look back over your writing and highlight or circle anything that might be useful. 
　3　 You can start with your problem in the center within a circle. Use a line to connect the main idea with another idea. Group similar ideas together with lines. Start new branches for new ideas. This technique is also good for making connections, especially since you can represent it visually. 
Individual brainstorming is the most effective when you need to solve a simple problem, generate a list of ideas, or focus on a broad issue. 　4　 In a group, be sure to brainstorm before you get together so you have some time to think. Be sure to avoid criticizing or rewarding ideas, as that can stop people from bringing up ideas and limit creativity. The leader can throw out a topic or problem, and then the group can bounce ideas off each other. Will the ideas be good or not too good? 　5　 The deeper analysis you have made, the higher it should be to fix the problem to your benefit. 
A.Analyzing is an important step.
B.You can see different solutions.
C.Taking notes is very necessary.
D.Another way to brainstorm is to make a concept tree.
E.Don't criticize—just write whatever comes to your mind.
F.Group brainstorming is often more effective for solving complex problems.
G.Ask yourself what really matters, then move your daily activities in that direction.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 


答案
[语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明头脑风暴在学习中的重要作用,并就如何有效实施头脑风暴提出几条建议。
1.B　由第一段前两句“头脑风暴真的可以在你的学习中发挥作用,可以帮助你开启想象力”可知,作者在开篇指出文章主题,介绍头脑风暴的作用。B选项中的You can与上一句中的it can相呼应。故填B项。
2.E　上一句提到“一旦你做了,就开始写”,E项是对free-writing的进一步解释,E项中的“just write whatever”与本段中的free-writing相呼应。故填E项。
3.D　根据后文“你可以在一个圈内的中心开始你的问题。用一条线把主要观点和另一个观点连接起来”可知,本段描述的是头脑风暴的另一种方法制作概念树。D选项中make a concept tree与下文中的connect the main idea with another idea、new branches相呼应,故填D项。
4.F　根据第一段中“你可以单独或集体进行头脑风暴”,以及第四段第一句“当你需要解决一个简单的问题,想出一系列的主意,或聚焦于一个比较宽泛的问题时,个人的头脑风暴是最有效的”,因此后面该谈到的是集体头脑风暴,F选项中的Group brainstorming与下一句的In a group也恰好相呼应,故填F项。
5.A　由下一句“你的分析越深入,解决于你有利的问题的可能性就越高”可知,A选项中的“Analyzing”与下一句中的analysis呼应,说明分析是头脑风暴的一个重要步骤。故填A项。

Ⅲ.书面表达
(2021浙江杭州第二中学第一次月考)
假设你是学校英语角负责人李华。在新学期第一次英语角聚会上,你将向新生宣传英语角。请根据以下内容写一篇发言稿。
1.介绍英语角的基本情况;
2.参加英语角的好处;
3.呼吁同学们积极参加英语角。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
答案
One possible version:
Hi, everyone! Welcome to our English Corner. This corner was set up two years ago. We gather here every Friday evening. Many English lovers have joined in it.
English Corner is very popular. It is a good way to learn English because we can practice English in it. In class we can only learn the grammar and some language points but at English Corner we have to speak out. In addition, we can make many good friends and have a good time here. There are a lot of students communicating with each other.
If you want to improve your English and make your life more colorful, join us!