2021-2022学年人教版必修第一册定语从句课件（106张ppt)

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)本册综合授课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了关系词的作用等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、基本定义： 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，它起定语的作用。 ※定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的，汉语中常用“……的”表示。 定语可以是一个单词，一个短语或一个句子，当定语是个句子时，我们把这种定语叫作“定语从句”。
定语从句“诞生记”： 1. The beautiful girl is my classmate. 2. The girl beside the windw is my classmate. 3. The girl wh wears a white dress is my classmate.=> 1)The girl is my classmate. 2)The girl wears a white dress.
二、术语：1. 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
1)关系代词用来代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，在从句中作主语，宾语，定语等。2)关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语 注意：关系词的作用是：连接主句和从句；关系代 词作宾语时可以省略。
三、关系代词的用法(一）wh 作主语，指人，既可指单数名词， 也可指复数名词；在口语中，作宾语时常用 wh 代替whm,也可省略
(1)D yu knw the student wh left a mment ag? (wh 指人，作主语） (2)All f the peple wh we talked abut just nw are frm Japan. (wh 指人，作介词宾语） (3)The man (wh/whm) we met at the schl gate is ur English teacher. (wh 指人，作动词宾语）
定语从句解题技巧：“三定”组装法1.定主句：确定句子主干部分2.定先行词：确定要修饰限定的部分3.定关系词：根据先行词的性质（代表人或物或句子），来选定关系词，取代先行词
(1)使用关系代词的情况：定语从句中缺主语或宾语或表语或定语时(2)使用关系副词的情况：定语从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语等成分时
1. Wmen _____ drink mre than tw cups f cffee a day have a greater chance f having heart disease than thse ______ dn’t. （2006北京卷） A. wh ; 不填B. 不填 ; wh C. wh ; wh D. 不填; 不填Key: C
2. The famus basketball star, _____ tried t make a cmeback, attracted a lt f attentin. (2002春招) A. where B. when C. which D. wh Key:D
3. Happiness and success ften cme t thse ________ are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths. （2013湖南卷） A. whmB. whC. whatD. which Key: B
4. After the flding, peple were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter t survive. (2012江苏卷) A. which B. wh C. where D. whatKey:B
(二）whm 作宾语，指人 作及物动词的宾语时，wh可以代替whm； 作介词宾语时，当介词后置，wh/whm 均可， 亦可省略； 但紧跟介词之后时，必须用whm，且不可省略
(1) The man (wh/whm) we met at the schl gate is ur English teacher. (wh/whm 作动词宾语） (2) The prfessr (wh/whm) we called n yesterday is friendly t his neighbrs. (whm 作介词宾语，介词后置） (3) He had three daughters, all f whm went t cllege. （whm作介词f的宾语） (4) With whm did yu g t the Summer Palace? (whm 作介词with的宾语）
1. We saw several natives advancing twards ur party, and ne f them came up t us, _____we gave sme bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷) A. t which B. t whm C. with whm D. with whichKey: B (give sth t sb)
2. American wmen usually identify their best friend as smene _____ they can talk frequently. (2004上海)A. wh B. as C. abut which D. with whm Key:D （talk with sb)
3. The gentleman _______ yu tld me yesterday prved t be a thief. (2000上海春) 　A. wh B. abut whmC. whm D. with whmKey: B (tell sb abut sb/sth)
4.In the dark street, there wasn't a single persn ______ she culd turn fr help. (1992全国) 　A. that B. wh C. frm whm D. t whm Key:D (turn t sb fr help)
5. —Why des she always ask yu fr help? （2005北京） —There is n ne else ______, is there? A. wh t turn t B. she can turn t C. fr whm t turn D. fr her t turnKey: B (turn t sb 求助某人)(关系代词作介词宾语时，当介词后置，亦可省略）
（三） whse 是所有格形式，既可以指人， 也可以指物，表示“······的”， 在从句中作定语；指物时可与f which 互换
(1) The student whse mther is a prfessr studies very well. (whse 指人） (2) This is the huse whse windws (=the windws f which 或 f which the windws)are all brken. （whse 指物）
1. A persn _____ e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-mails. （2009天津） A. wh B. whm C. whse D. wheverKey:C
2. Many children, _______ parents are away wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village. (2009安徽) A. their B. whse C. f them D. with whmKey: B
3. A cmpany ______prfits frm hme markets are declining may seek pprtunities abrad. （2014山东卷） A. which B. whse C. wh D. whyKey: B 
4. Lk ut ! Dn' t get t clse t the huse _______ rf is under repair. (福建卷) A. whse B. which C. f which D. thatKey: A (whse rf=f which the rf 或=the rf f which)
(四） that 既可指人也可指物，在从句中作 主语、宾语和表语
(1) This is the bk that interests me. (that 指物，作主语）(2) The jacket (that) my mther bught fr me desn’t fit me. ( that 指物，作宾语）(3) The by that beat me in the ping-png game was my deskmate. (that 指人，作主语）(4) He is the man (that/wh/whm) yu can believe in. (that 指人，作宾语）(5) Amy is n lnger the girl that she was. (that 指人，作表语）
1. D yu still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three mnths ag?　 （2005北京春招）　 A. where B. when C. that D. what Key: C
2. The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses _________are built clse t each ther. （2011山东卷） A. they B. where C. what D. thatKey:D
3.—D yu have anything t say fr yurselves?—Yes，there’s ne pint ______we must insist n． (2006江西卷) A．why B．where C．hw D．/Key: D (关系代词作宾语，可省略）
4. The dctr _______is leaving fr Africa next mnth. (1983全国) A. the nurse is talking t him B. whm the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking t D. wh the nurse is talking Key: C ( talk t sb)
(五)which 指物，在从句中可以作主语、 宾语和定语(当紧跟介词后，作介词宾语 时， 不可省略，且要考虑固定搭配）
(1)The ship which/that has just set ut is leaving fr Qingda. (which 指物，作主语）(2)This is the bike (which/that) I bught last week. (which 指物，作宾语）(3) Gerge spent five years in cllege, during which time he studied medicine. （which 作定语）
1. In fact the Swede did nt understand the three questins ______ were asked in French. （1985全国） A. where B. wh C. in which D. which Key: D
2. Yu’ll find taxis waiting at the bus statin __________yu can hire t reach yur hst family. （2011上海卷）A. whichB. whereC. whenD. asKey: A
3. Gun cntrl is a subject ____ Americans have argued fr a lng time. (2009陕西11) A. f which B. with which C. abut which D. int whichKey: C (argue abut sth)
4. Mark was a student at this university frm 1999 t 2003, ____he studied very hard and was made Chairman f the Students' Unin. （2005重庆） A. during which time B. fr which time C. during whse time D. by that timeKey: A
（六） as 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语， 常与 the same 或 such 连用；引导限制性定语从句时，先行词一般是单词；引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常是句子
(1) He wrks in the same ffice as I d. （as 作宾语） (2) Our English teacher ften uses such expressins as he can find in the texts. （as 作宾语） (3) China is a develping cuntry, as is knwn t all. (as 代替前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语）
补： the same···as···表示两者的相似性， the same···that···表示两者的同一性 (1)This is the same watch as I lst last week. (相似但不是同一个事物） (2)This is the same watch that I lst last week. （两者是同一个事物）
1. These huses are sld at such a lw price _______ peple expected. (2000上海) A. like B. as C . that D. which Key: B
2.______ is knwn t everybdy, the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth. (2001全国) A. It B. As C. That D. What Key: B
四、关系副词的用法 （一） when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间 状语，其先行词是表示时间的名词（year， seasn，day 等）
(1) I will never frget the day when I jined the Party. （On the day, I jined the Party.） (2) D yu still remember the year when we wrked tgether? (In the year, we wrked tgether.)
1. Because f the financial crisis, days are gne ____ lcal 5-star htels charged 6,000 yuan fr night. (2009江苏) A. if B. when C. which D. sinceKey: B
2. We are living in an age _____ many things are dne n cmputer．(2003北京) A. which B. that C. whse D. whenKey: D
3. I am lking frward t the daymy daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her. （2014湖南卷）A. as B. whyC. when D. whereKey: C 
4. The bk was written in 1946, ____ the educatin system has witnessed great changes. (2007年山东卷)A . when B．during which C．since then D．since whenKey: D
（二）where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点 状语，其先行词是表示地点的名词（place， rm等）
(1) That is the schl where we nce studied. （We nce studied in the schl.) (2) This is the village where I live nw. ( I live in the village nw.)
1. Mzart’s birthplace and the huse ____ he cmpsed ‘The Magic Flute’ are bth museums nw. (2009 上海 34) A. where B. when C. there D. whichKey: A
2. Sme pre-schl children g t a day care center, ____ they learn simple games and sngs. (2007年全国一) A. then B. there C. while D. whereKey: D
3. —Where did yu get t knw her? —It was n the farm we wrked. （2007年山东卷） A．that B．there 　　 C．which D．where Key:D
4. I’ll give yu my friend’s hme address, ______I can be reached mst evenings. (2008年北京卷)    A. which              B. when    C. whm              D. whereKey: D
(三） why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状 语，其先行词只有表示原因的reasn 一词 注意：先行词reasn后接定语从句时，若定语从句中缺少原因状语，则用why引导；若缺少主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
(1) We dn’t knw the reasn why he hasn’t cme t the party. (He hasn’t cme t the party fr the reasn.) (2) Can yu tell me the reasn why yur sister cried just nw? (Yur sister cried just nw fr the reasn.)
1. The reasn ____he was late was that he had a bad accident n the way t schl. A .why B. because C. that D. whichkey：A
2. Is this the reasn _____at the meeting fr his carelessness in his wrk? (2002上海) A. he explained B. what he explained C. hw he explained D. why he explained Key: A (explain the reasn fr······）
五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. My friend shwed me rund the twn, ______ was very kind f him. (2009全国Ⅱ17)A. which B. that C. where D. itKey: A
2. Helen was much kinder t her yungest sn than t the thers, ______, f curse , made the thers envy him . (2004天津) A. wh B. that C. what D. whichKey: D
六、that 和 which 的用法
1. Finally, the thief handed everything ______he had stlen t the plice. （1987全国） 　 A. which B. what 　 C. whatever D. that Key: D
2. Please send us all the infrmatin ______ yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin. （2014陕西卷） A. thatB. which C. asD. whatKey: A
3. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, _______ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国卷1 )A. which B. where C. what D. that Key: A
4. Luckily, we'd brught a rad map withut ______ we wuld have lst ur way. (2004北京春招) A. it B. that C. this D. which Key: D
七、as 和 which 的区别
1. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip t Britain, is ne f Lndn’s turist attractins. ( 2008年江苏卷) A. whichB. what C. thatD. where key: A
2. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, ______ was beynd his wildest dream. (2007年上海卷) A. which B. that C. where D. itKey: A
3. The Beatles, _______many f yu are ld enugh t remember, came frm Liverpl. (2006天津卷) A. what B. that C. hw D. as Key: D
4. ______ is reprted in the newspapers, talks between the tw cuntries are making prgress.(2004北京) A. It 　 B. As C. That　　D. WhatKey: B
八、“介词+ which/whm” 结构(一）“介词+ which” 在定语从句中作时间、地 点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when、 where、 why
(1) I still remember the day n which （=when) I wn the first prize. (2) We are ging t visit the place in which(=where)Lu Xun nce lived. (3) I had tld them the reasn fr which (=why) I didn’t attend the meeting.
1. Is this the huse _____Shakespeare was brn? （1988全国） A. at where B. which C. in which D. at whichKey: C
2. I saw a wman running tward me in the dark. Befre I culd recgnize wh she was，she had run back in the directin ______she had cme. (2006重庆卷) A. f which  B. by which C. in which  D. frm whichKey: D
(二）mst/neither/bth/比较级/最高级/ 数 词/不定代词… + f +which/whm (做定语从句的主语或宾语, 与先行词构成所属关系)
(1)I bught a lt f bks last Sunday, sme f which are abut cmputer. (=and sme f them······） (2) She has tw daughters, bth f whm becme dctrs. （=and bth f them······）
1. She brught with her three friends, nne f _____ I had ever met befre. (2009全国Ⅱ28) A. them B. wh C. whm D. theseKey: C
2. The grwing speed f a plant is influenced by a number f factrs, ______are beynd ur cntrl.( 2008年湖南卷) A. mst f them      B. mst f which   C. mst f what     D. mst f thatKey:B
3. There are tw buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (2004湖北) A．the larger 　 B．the larger f them 　 C．the larger ne that 　 D．the larger f which Key: D
(三）“介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化的 定语从句 She fund smething with which t write.(=which she culd write with).（四）复合介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，常用逗号把先行词与从句隔开 He lived in a new huse, in frnt f which there is a river.
（五）after + which (表事情发展的时间顺序)1. He was educated at the lcal high schl, _____ he went n t Beijing University. (2007年江苏卷) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in thatKey: A
2. Eric received training in cmputer fr ne year, _____ he fund a jb in a big cmpany. (2007年辽宁卷)A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after thisKey: B
注意： 1. 应根据定语从句后面的动词和介词的搭配关系来选择介词 (1)The pen n which I spent 20 yuan is lst. (2)This is the huse in which we lived last year.
2. 固定词组中的介词不可提前 (1)The man (wh/whm/that) he is lking after is his father. (2)This is the watch (that/which) I am lking fr.
九、定语从句常见考点 (一）关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定 (1)I dn’t like the persn wh is arrgant. (2)I dn’t like thse wh _are__ arrgant.特例：(1)He is ne f the students wh are late.(2)He is the nly ne f the students wh is late.
This is the nly ne f the students _____ the truth．　　A． that knws　　 B． that knw　　 C． wh knw　　 D． which knws key: A the nly ne f + 名词复数 是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
(二) 先行词是way, 意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系代词有that、in which和省略三种情况 I dn’t like the way yu speak t her. = I dn’t like the way that yu speak t her.= I dn’t like the way in which yu speak t her.
What surprised me was nt what he said but ______he said it. (2004湖北) A．the way 　　B．in the way that 　　C．in the way 　　D．the way which Key: A
(三) 先行词是time 时，若time表示“次数”时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that 可省略；若time 表示“一段时间或时代”，应用关系副词when、at which或during which 引导的定语从句(1)This is the first time (that) I have tried this methd t slve prblems.(2)That was a time when/during which there were n cmputers.
(四) 先行词ccasin 等词可以表示抽象时间，当定语从句缺时间状语成分时,定语从句的引导词用关系副词when引导
1. Occasins are quite rare ____ I have the time t spend a day with my kids. (2008年山东卷)    A. wh    B. which    C. why   D. whenKey: D
2. She’ll never frget her stay there ____ she fund her sn wh had gne missing tw years befre. (2009四川20) A. that B. which C. where D. when Key: D
3. Between the tw parts f the cncert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. （2011江苏卷） A. when B. where C. that D. whichKey: A
4. I dn’t becme a serius climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up t rescue a kite that was stuck in the balance f a tree. （2014浙江卷）A. when B. where C. which D. whyKey: A
4.先行词case, pint, situatin，stage等 可以表示抽象地点,当定语从句缺地点状语成分时,定语从句的引导词用关系副词where引导
1.We are just trying t reach a pint___ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk. (2006. 山东） A. where B. that C. when D. which key:A
2. Life’s like a lng race ____ we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves. (2009重庆34) A. why B. what C. that D. where Key: D
3. All the neighbr admire this family _____the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008年安徽卷） A. why B. where C. which D. thatKey: B
4. It’s helpful t put children in a situatin ______ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建) A. that B. when C. which D. where Key: D