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2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版），共26页。
2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：基础知识考查（每小题1分，共30小题, 满分 30 分）
选词填空
A. acknowledge B. consult C. owe D. circulate E. contract
1. With no solid evidence, he refused to _______ stealing the lady’s purse.
2. He is a famous lawyer and many people come to _______him about some cases.
3. Because of your help, I have made great progress in my study. In other words, I __my progress to your help.
4. The economy continues to _______, raising fears of further political problems.
5. During an emergency period, those who _______false news should be severely punished by the authorities.
【答案】1. A 2. B
3. C 4. E
5. D
【解析】
【分析】
【1题详解】
考查动词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“acknowledge doing sth.”， 意为“承认做某事”，“acknowledge”意为“承认”，动词词性，“refuse to do sth.”意为“拒绝做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“acknowledge”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词。句意：他是一位著名的律师，许多人来咨询他一些案件。根据句意和句中“He is a famous lawyer”可知，应该是“咨询”他一些案件，“consult”意为“咨询”，动词词性，句中“to _____ him about some cases”为不定式作目的状语，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“consult”。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：由于你的帮助，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。换句话说，我的进步归功于你的帮助。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定短语“owe…to…”，意为“把……归功于……”，“owe”意为“归功于”，动词词性，句子主语为“I”，故空格处用“owe”的原形。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词。句意：经济继续收缩，引发了对进一步政治问题的担忧。根据句意和句中“raising fears of further political problems”可知，经济应该是“收缩”了，“contract”意为“收缩”，动词词性，“continue to do sth.”意为“继续做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“contract”。故E项。
【5题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：在紧急时期，传播虚假消息的人应该受到当局的严厉惩罚。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，根据句意可知，“传播”虚假消息的人应该受到惩罚，“circulate”意为“传播”，动词词性，句子为“who”引导的定语从句，“who”代替先行词“those”，在句中作主语，先行词为复数形式，故应用“circulate”的原形。故选D项。
选词填空
A. assumption B. approval C. remark D. reflection E. respect
6. I would appreciate it if my application could get your _______.
7. He made a rude _______about the fruit that it is not fresh enough.
8. Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the _______you've made.
9. Upon _______, he made a decision that the community service should be promoted.
10. In which _______do you think China is the greatest? science or politics.
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. A 9. D
10. E
【解析】
【分析】
【6题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。设空处跟在及物动词get后面充当宾语，且根据设空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，设空处要填名词；approval意为“同意，批准”，符合题意。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：他对那种水果做了一个粗鲁的评论，认为那些水果不够新鲜。设空处位于及物动词made后面充当宾语，且前面有不定冠词a，可知设空处要用名词单数形式；remark意为“评论”，符合题意。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：试着去理解实际发生了什么，而不是根据你的假设去行动。设空处位于介词on后面充当宾语，且前面有定冠词the，可知设空处要填名词；assumption与前面的actually构成对应关系，符合题意。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：经过深思熟虑，他决定推广社区服务。设空处位于介词upon后面充当宾语；reflection意为“深思熟虑”，符合题意。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：你认为中国在哪些方面是最伟大的?科学还是政治。设空处位于介词in后面充当宾语；respect意为“方面”，符合题意。故选E项。
选词填空
A. accustomed B. opposed C. covered D. abandoned E. transformed
11. As we all know, English people are _______to driving on the left.
12. The media _______the Youth Olympic Games held in Nanjing in a variety of forms.
13. Many farmers _______the the plan because they feared that wolves would kill the farm animals or pets.
14. The car _______America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
15. The broken bike was found _______by the riverside.
【答案】11. A 12. C
13. B 14. E
15. D
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左行驶。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“be accustomed to doing sth.”，意为“习惯于做某事”，“accustomed”意为“习惯的”，形容词词性。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：媒体以各种形式报导了在南京举行的青年奥运会。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，根据句意“报道”可知，空格处涉及单词“cover”，意为“报导”，动词词性，过去式为“covered”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：许多农民反对这项计划，因为他们担心狼会杀死农场的动物或宠物。根据句意和句中“feared”可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，根据“they feared that wolves would kill the farm animals or pets”可知，农民是反对这项计划的，“oppose”意为“反对”，动词词性，过去式为“opposed”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：汽车使美国从一个以农业为基础的社会转变为一个工业强国。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“transform…from…to…”，意为“把……从……转变为……”，“transform”意为“使转变”，动词词性，过去式为“transformed”。故选E项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那辆破自行车被发现遗弃在河边。分析句子可知，句中涉及“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，空格处应用形容词作宾语补足语，“abandoned”意为“被抛弃的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选D项。
选词填空
A. cautious B. affordable C. accessible D. military E. severe
16. Eating out once or twice a week may be _______, but doing this most days adds up.
17. Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more ____and preserve its history and culture.
18. We should not focus on how to fight each other, but how to prevent _______action.
19. The spokesman was very _______about expressing his opinions in public in case he might make mistakes.
20. Faced with the ___employment situation, many graduates are considering going to work in the rural area.
【答案】16. B 17. C
18. D 19. A
20. E
【解析】
【分析】
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每周出去吃一到两次可能是可以负担的，但大多数日子都这样做会增加负担。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作表语，“affordable”意为“负担得起的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：莫兰希望扩大爵士乐的受众，让爵士乐更容易被接受，并保护其历史和文化。分析句子可知，句中涉及“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，空格处应用形容词，在句中作宾语补足语，“accessible”意为“容易理解的，易懂的”，形容词词性，符合句意，“more accessible”为其比较级形式。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们不应该关注如何相互作战，而应该关注如何防止军事行动。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作定语，修饰“action”，“military”意为“军事的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这位发言人在公开发表意见时非常谨慎，以免出错。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作表语，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：面对严峻的就业形势，许多毕业生正在考虑去农村工作。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作定语，修饰“employment situation”，“severe”意为“严峻的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选E项。
选词填空
A. no wonder B. let alone C. word came that D. take on E. get down to
21. I began to realize_______ my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish, they knew what was still to come.
22. Some insects _______the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
23. He refused to admit his mistake, _______ apologize to us for it.
24. The driver was at a loss when _______he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
25. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s _______some serious work.
【答案】21. A 22. D
23. B 24. C
25. E
【解析】
【分析】
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我开始意识到，难怪我的同伴们每道菜都只吃了几口，他们知道还有什么菜要上。根据句意和句中“they knew what was still to come”可知，句中涉及固定短语“no wonder”，意为“难怪，怪不得”，句中表示“难怪”我的同伴们每道菜都只吃了几口。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：有些昆虫为了保护自己而呈现出周围环境的颜色。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定短语“take on”，意为“呈现，显出”，句子主语“insects”为可数名词复数形式，故“take”应用原形。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他拒绝承认自己的错误，更不用说为此向我们道歉了。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“let alone ”，意为“更不用说”， 连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：当有消息说他因超速被禁止开车时，司机不知所措。根据句意和句中“was”可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“word came that”，意为“有消息说，有消息传来”，“that”引导同位语从句，对抽象名词“word”进行解释说明。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：不管怎样，我们现在在这里了，让我们开始认真工作吧。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“get down to”，意为“开始干，着手做”，“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，“let”后接动词原形。故选E项。
选词填空
A. adapt to B. make out C. used to D. come up with E. get away from
26. Human beings will continue to _______ the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
27. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____home and earn some money on his own.
28. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t _______ what he was saying.
29. Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. This is what my mother _______tell me.
30. Although against my opinion, the old professor didn’t _______his own.
【答案】26. A 27. E
28. B 29. C
30. D
【解析】
【26题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：人类将继续以普通和惊人的方式适应不断变化的气候。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“adapt to…”，意为“适应……”，“continue to do sth.”意为“继续做某事”，“to”后接动词原形。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他母亲曾认为，离开家，自己挣钱对他的性格有好处。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“get away from…”，意为“离开……”，句中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选E项。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：凯特在后台听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make out”，意为“听出，弄清”，“couldn’t”为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：每次你吃甜食时，喝绿茶。这是我妈妈过去常告诉我的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“used to do sth.”，意为“过去常常做某事”，句中指我妈妈“过去常”告诉我。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：尽管与我的意见相反，这位老教授并没有提出自己的观点。根据句意和句中“didn’t”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“come up with…”，意为“提出（计划、想法等）”，“didn’t”后接动词原形。故选D项。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节: (共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ready to start an exciting new journey and pursue an education in National University of Singapore? Overseas Training Program for senior high school graduates may be your chance. Our team is here to walk you through the application process and answer any and all of your questions along the way.
Qualifications
• The applicant must be a non-Singaporean citizen holding a foreign passport.
• Applicants have no criminal record, observe Singaporean government laws, regulations, and respect the customs and habits of the Singaporean people.
• Applicants should be over 18 years old.
• Applicants should be physically and mentally healthy.
• Applicants should be able to communicate in English.
Application Time： July 10, 2021 to September 1, 2021
Enrollment（入学）Date：September 10, 2021
Application Procedure
• Applicants should visit the official website to inquire about the 2021 admission information and fill in the Application Form.
• Applicants shall name the application materials according to the list, pack the folder and send it to our school and the school will evaluate the admission qualification.
• Applicants who have passed the admission qualification review will participate in the interview or written test organized by the department that you apply for.
• The qualified candidates will finally receive our admission letter.
Fees
Items
Full-time Graduate Programs
Textbooks
Insurance
Accommodation
Fees (per year)
$ 5,000
$ 500
$ 100
Single
Double
$ 1,000
$ 500
31. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Being a Singaporean citizen.
B. Having a clean personal record.
C. Having a sound body and mind.
D. Having a good command of English.
32. What can ensure the applicants an interview opportunity?
A. A high test score.
B. An application form.
C. Overseas studying experience.
D. Qualified application documents.
33. What's the total annual cost for a student hoping to live alone?
A. $ 1,000. B. $ 6,600. C. $ 6,100. D. $ 5,600.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章以广告的形式介绍了新加坡国立大学的申请流程。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由Qualifications下的第一段“The applicant must be a non-Singaporean citizen holding a foreign passport.”（申请人必须是持有外国护照的非新加坡公民。），可知申请人必须是非新加坡公民，新加坡公民不能申请。故选A项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由Application Procedure下的第二段“Applicants shall name the application materials according to the list, pack the folder and send it to our school and the school will evaluate the admission qualification.”（申请者应根据名单对申请材料进行命名，并将文件夹打包发送至我校，学校将对入学资格进行评估。），可知学校对入学资格进行评估，进行文件审查，所以要按照申请学校的要求准备文件，即拥有合格的申请文件才能确保申请人获得面试机会。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由Fees下的表格信息“Full-time Graduate Programs $5000”（全日制研究生课程 5000美元），“Textbooks $ 500”（课本 500美元），“Insurance $ 100”（保险 100美元）和“Accommodation: Single $ 1,000 Double $ 500”（住宿：单人1000美元 双人500美元）可知，一个希望独居的学生每年的总费用是6600美元（5000美元+500美元+100美元+1000美元）。故选B项。
B
The first time I used the TV to distract my daughter, I felt like a bad parent; I convinced myself I was a “bad” mom—these days I believe the opposite to be true. Screen time makes me a better mom.
Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.
Like most 6-year-olds, my daughter gets worked up and excited easily and watching a cartoon gives her a chance to shut off her mind. And there are other reasons— more selfish reasons. I am a work-from-work mom, and giving her screen time gives me “me”time. I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.
There are other benefits, too. TV has also taught my daughter. Thanks to “super Why”,she knew her alphabet at 2, and thanks to “Sesame Street”, she was able to count to 20 by age 3. And I use the screen as a great incentive. My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.
Of course, I have a few rules. During meals, the TV is off; all programs must be supervised; on weekdays, she is limited to two hours maximum. So remember: It doesn’t matter what our kids watch; it matters what they do, what they say, what they feel and how they act, and only you know what is best for them.
34. What can be learned about the author’s opinion about screen time?
A. It fails to take kids into consideration.
B. It is welcome by most crappy parents.
C. It challenges a popular belief.
D. It is in line with experts.
35. How can screen time be good for kids of mothers working at home?
A. It gives them topics to discuss with friends.
B. It gives them some uninterrupted time.
C It enables them to keep their spirits up.
D. It helps them become independent.
36. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Motivator B. Relaxation
C. Idea producer D. Learning tool
37. Which of the following might the author agree with ?
A. Science and technology are primary productive forces.
B. A man is good-for-nothing until he is educated.
C. Nothing can be accomplished without rules.
D. Each coin has two sides.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文章。文章谈论了作者合理让孩子看电视，对自己和孩子都带来了好处。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（ 现在我知道你们大多数人可能在想什么：这太荒谬了。只有糟糕的父母才会依赖屏幕来照顾他们的孩子。再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）以及第一段结尾“Screen time makes me a better mom.”（屏幕时间让我成为一个更好的妈妈。）可知，作者对屏幕时间的看法挑战了一个流行的观点。故选C项。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.”（我能在她看电视的时候写作。虽然这听起来很糟糕，但我相信我正在帮助我的女儿意识到她应该依靠自己。当妈妈工作的时候，她会得到她自己的零食，饮料和玩具。）可知，妈妈在家工作的时候，自己看电视帮助孩子变得独立。故选D项。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词句子后文“My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.”（我女儿在完成任务时赚取“平板时间” ，例如，整理床铺挣15分钟，做作业挣30分钟。）可知，女儿完成任务就会赚到看电视的时间，据此推测“And I use the screen as a great incentive.”（我把屏幕作为一个很好的incentive。）其中incentive应该是“奖励措施”，选项A“动力；激发因素”，最为接近。故选A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）可知，作者认为关于孩子看电视这件事有弊也有利，凡事都有两面性。故选D项。
C
If Mars were the popular kid in school, Venus（金星）would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner, largely ignored. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth, but being closer to the sun, it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun.
However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead. Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.
Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes (微生物). Though this doesn't mean it was produced by life on Venus, attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed.
Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look. While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately, the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light. As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted: “It’s time to prioritize Venus.”
In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.
The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.
38. Which description about Venus is not true?
A. It is almost as large as Earth.
B. It has nearly the same mass as Earth.
C. It has a warmer Earth-like climate.
D. It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere.
39. What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate?
A. This kind of gas is very common.
B. There might exist signs of life.
C. Many products can be made with it.
D. Experiments were once conducted there.
40. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. The approaches to exploring phosphine.
B. The importance of observations.
C. The power of computer simulations.
D. The necessity to analyse phosphine.
41. Which can best describe the author’s attitude to the exploration of Venus?
A. Casual. B. Cautious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead.”（然而，金星的气候并不像地球那样温暖，金星的表面和大气层令人难以忍受: 硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度高到足以融化铅。）由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候”错误。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.”（尽管如此，现在有迹象表明金星可能孕育生命）根据第三段“Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology.”（英国卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯和她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物的副产品）由此可知，磷化氢的发现表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.”（在未来的几个月和几年里，计算机模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。将进行更多的实验室实验，试图确定生产磷化氢的其他方法。然而，不能保证这些努力会揭示金星上这种物质的真实性质。一个新提出的策略是直接对金星的大气层和表面进行取样。通过这样做，我们将能够直接测量磷化氢。）可知，第五段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。故选A项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.”（在金星大气中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。也许，角落里安静的孩子会笑到最后。）由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。故选C项。
D
Green skin is common in science fiction, but what if green skin were not just for aliens? It humans had green skin, what if it granted us the ability to perform photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants use to live off of sunlight?
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live off of photosynthesis because they grow broad, flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible, They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
According to Lindsay Turnbull, a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf, the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth, Turnbull estimated.
In addition, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide. Plants have pores(毛孔)that they use to supply the gas to their cells. If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climates. Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area, they would likely base other resource issues to deal with, such as a lack of water. Scalzi said. “There's always going to be trade-offs(平衡).” he noted.
And would photosynthetic humans prefer hole or no clothing to absorb all those rays? In some photosynthetic societies, clothing might become a symbol of the elite- a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis. You can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, so I can cover up." Scalzi said.
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself? "Probably not.” he said. “I don’t see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I’d look to benefit from it.”
42. Why can't humans live off of photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull?
A. Because we are less active. B. Because we wear clothes.
C. Because we don’t have green skin. D. Because our skin area is not large enough.
43. If photosynthetic humans had pores, what would be the disadvantage?
A. They would absorb too much CO2.
B. They would release some useful substances.
C. They would be too small for human beings.
D. They would keep gases from entering the human body.
44. What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself?
A. He was too conservative to accept that.
B. He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates.
C. He believed there were more risks than benefits.
D. He thought clothing was simply a symbol of upper class.
45. How does the author support the theme of the text?
A. By providing research results. B. By describing a process.
C. By making classifications. D. By following the time order.
【答案】42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin - about a tennis court’s worth, Turnbull estimated.”（Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。）可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.”（如果光合人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。）可知，如果光合作用的人类有毛孔，缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“I don’t see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I’d look to benefit from it.”（我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。）可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。故选C项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to Lindsay Turnbull. a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf. the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth. Turnbull estimated.”（根据Lindsay Turnbull的说法。 牛津大学的植物生态学家，如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。 她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1％。 一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。）并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。故选A项。
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent “negativity bias（消极偏见）” that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones. ____46____There is a positive explanation for the question. After all, we are motivated to grow after a misstep. However, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How? ____47____
Practice Positivity. Like your muscles, your thought patterns respond to how they are used and exercised. You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind. ____48____For example, set calendar reminders throughout your day to convey an expression of gratitude or simply adjust your body language so you're holding yourself with strength and confidence.
____49____We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment：Maybe there's a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.
Ask for Positive Reminders. Get in the habit of checking in with people who are with you when goodness finds you today. Mention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn't it?” ____50____And who knows, you may help your friend, family member or coworker have a more positive day as well!
A. Try the following suggested ideas.
B. Redefine negativity as an opportunity.
C. Instead, practice your positive lifestyle.
D. Its negative influence can never be avoided.
E. Why and how does this phenomenon happen?
F. How do you handle it as you try to live with more positivity?
G. Asking others to confirm your positive insights can facilitate your positivity.
【答案】46. E 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，但人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，文章给了一些方法帮助人们走出消极偏见。
【46题详解】
由上一句“Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent “negativity bias（消极偏见）” that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones.”（心理学家长期以来一直认为，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，这导致我们更多地关注消极的思想、情感和事件，而不是积极的思想、情感和事件。）和下一句“There is a positive explanation for the question.”（对这个问题有一个肯定的解释。）可知，上句提到了“消极偏见”这种消极的心理问题现象，下句又说这个问题有一个肯定的解释，可得出该空填写内容应与解释这种现象为什么和如何发生的信息有关，承接上下文，E选项“这种现象为什么会发生，又是如何发生的？”切题。故选E项。
【47题详解】
由上两句“However, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How?”（然而，我们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中。怎样做呢？），第二段首句“Practice Positivity.”（实践积极性。）和最后一段首句“Ask for Positive Reminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）及下文内容可知，上文说人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，下文讲走出消极偏见的一些建议（如实践积极性和要求积极的提醒），可得出该空填写的内容与提供建议有关，承接上下文，A选项“尝试以下建议。”切题。故选A项。
【48题详解】
由本段小标题“Practice Positivity.”（实践积极性。）和上一句“You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind.”（你不必消除你心中的消极偏见。）可知，作者建议读者在生活中去实践积极性，即以积极的态度去生活，所以无需消除你心中的消极偏见，只需在生活中不断实践积极的生活方式，承接上文，C选项“相反，练习你积极的生活方式。”切题。故选C项。
【49题详解】
根据本段内容，归纳出小标题。由本段后文“We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment：Maybe there's a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.”（我们生活在一个大流行病、经济压力和严重分裂的时代。我们的消极偏见要求我们关注这些现实。但我们也很乐意看到这一刻的机遇：也许有一个家庭项目，否则我们就没有时间去解决。）可知，即使我们的消极偏见要求我们关注那些消极的现实，但我们也要在消极中看到机遇，可得出本段主要讲在消极中找到机遇，承接下文，B选项“将消极性重新定义为机遇。”切题。故选B项。
【50题详解】
由本段小标题“Ask for Positive Reminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）和上一句“Mention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn't it?””（对他们说：“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”）可知，在本段中作者建议读者要去向别人索要积极的提醒来摆脱消极偏见，如用反义疑问句“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”来肯定自己的积极性，承接上文，G选项“让别人确认你的积极见解可以促进你的积极性。”切题。故选G项。
第三部分 英语知识运用
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题中所给的四个选项（ABCD）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I grew up in a military family. When my parents retired from the army after eighteen years of ___51___, I had to study with those twelve- year-olds who shared no___52___ life experience with me.
Most of my new classmates had grown up together and they had no room to___53___ for a newcomer. I wore different clothes and spoke with a different accent. I had little___54___ of making friends. I___55___ for the first few weeks in my new school.
To deal with it all, I began___56___ in my diary every day. I wrote as if my life depended on it. I could not stand the loneliness___57___ I wrote it down in my diary.
One day, my teacher, Mrs. Bush, asked why I always sat there writing. I lied that I___58___ writing to playing. One week later, Mrs. Bush gave us a writing assignment (任务). I was___59___that I could now participate in something I knew I was good at. So I worked on the essay_____60_____ and handed it. I thought it was the best chance for me to be_____61_____ by the class.
The next day, Mrs. Bush called me up to the_____62_____ of the classroom. I stood before my classmates and I got_____63_____. Was I in trouble? Did I do something wrong?
Then Mrs. Bush told the class how much she_____64_____ all the work that went into the essays and everyone had done a great job. But, she said, one student_____65_____ as an excellent writer. That student was me!
The class clapped their hands wildly and Mrs. Bush handed me my paper, with the following_____66_____on it,“You are a very excellent writer. You_____67_____ your essay with your true feeling and creativity. Please keep on writing and share your_____68_____ of writing with the class.”
Mrs. Bush helped me feel a sense of_____69_____and a way to go through the hard transition (过渡) in my life. She helped me gain_____70_____ in myself that stayed with me beyond my school life.
51. A. peace B. training C. war D. service .
52 A. hard B. similar C. healthy D. wonderful
53. A. build B. preserve C. take D. spare
54. A. use B. control C. hope D. need
55. A. struggled B. played C. survived D. exercised
56. A. debating B. drawing C. writing D. swearing
57. A. unless B. once C. while D. after
58. A. compared B. applied C. turned D. preferred
59. A. astonished B. satisfied C. excited D. embarrassed
60. A. anxiously B. curiously C. half- heartedly D. enthusiastically
61. A. impressed B. accepted C. challenged D. envied
62. A. front B. corner C. door D. outside
63. A. annoyed B. disappointed C. worried D. surprised .
64. A. appreciated B. expected C. ignored D. enjoyed
65. A. stood out B. woke up C. passed by D. set off
66. A. descriptions B. remarks C. suggestions D. accounts
67. A. fill B. occupy C. connect D. present
68. A. advantage B. purpose C. gift D. trouble
69. A. responsibility B. belonging C. devotion D. relief
70. A. interest B. imagination C. respect D. confidence
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. D 61. B 62. A 63. C 64. A 65. A 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何通过写作得到了老师及同学的认同并获得了自信的故事。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母在部队服务18年后退休时，我不得不和那些没有和我有相似经历的12岁的人一起学习。A. peace和平；B. training训练；C. war战争；D. service服务。根据上文“I grew up in a military family.(我生长在一个军人家庭)”可知，我父母在军队服役了(service)十八年。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母在部队服务18年后退休时，我不得不和那些没有和我有相似经历的12岁的人一起学习。A. hard难的，硬的；B. similar相似的；C. healthy健康的；D. wonderful神奇的。根据上文可知，作者生长在军人家庭，当他返回普通学校读书时，身边没有与他有相似经历的人。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的大多数同学都是一起长大的，他们（内心）无法为一个新来的人腾地方。A. build建造；B. preserve保存；C. take拿走；D. spare匀，挤。固定搭配spare room for sb.表示“为某人腾空间”。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎没有希望交到朋友。A. use使用；B. control控制；C. hope希望；D. need需要。根据上文“Most of my new classmates had grown up together and they had no room to___3___ for a newcomer.(我的大多数同学都是一起长大的，他们（内心）无法为一个新来的人腾地方)”可知，作者交到朋友的希望渺茫。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在新学校的第一周是十分艰难的。A. struggled挣扎，努力；B. played玩耍；C. survived幸存；D. exercised锻炼。根据上文可知，作者第一周过的很艰难。故选A。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解决这个问题，我开始每天写日记。A. debating辩论；B. drawing画画；C. writing写；D. swearing发誓。根据下文“I wrote as if my life depended on it.(我写得好像我的生命就靠它了)”可知，作者开始写日记。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我不能忍受那种孤独，除非我将它写在日记中。A. unless除非；B. once一旦；C. while当……时，虽然；D. after在……之后。根据上文“I wrote as if my life depended on it.(我写得好像我的生命就靠它了)”可知，作者不能忍受那种孤独，除非我将它写在日记中。故选A。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我撒谎说比起玩耍我更喜欢写作。A. compared比较；B. applied申请，应用；C. turned转向；D. preferred更喜欢。根据语境可知，此处指作者更喜欢写作，固定搭配prefer…to…“比起……更喜欢……”。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很开心能参与到自己擅长的活动。A. astonished惊讶的；B. satisfied满意的；C. excited兴奋的，激动的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据后半句可知，这是自己擅长的，所以心情很激动。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我很热情地投入到写作中并把它交了。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. curiously好奇地；C. half- heartedly半心半意地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据上文“I was___9___that I could now participate in something I knew I was good at.(我很开心能参与到自己擅长的活动)”可知，作者写作时应是充满热情的。故选D。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是我被全部同学接受的最好的机会。A. impressed留下印象；B. accepted接受；C. challenged挑战；D. envied嫉妒。根据上文“I had little___4___ of making friends.(我几乎没有希望交到朋友)”可知，作者没有朋友，所以很想被同学们接受。故选B。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，布什夫人把我叫到班级前面。A. front前面；B. corner角落；C. door门；D. outside外部。根据下文“I stood before my classmates and I got___13___ .(我站在同学们的前面，并且很担忧)”可知，老师把我叫到班级前面。故选A。
【63题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，布什夫人把我叫到班级前面。A. annoyed生气的；B. disappointed失望的；C. worried担心的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Was I in trouble?(我是不是遇到麻烦了)”可知，作者很担心。故选C。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后布什夫人告诉全班同学对于大家在这篇文章中的贡献十分欣赏，并且每个人都做的很棒。A. appreciated欣赏；B. expected期望；C. ignored忽视；D. enjoyed享受。根据后半句可知，布什夫人很欣赏同学们的工作。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，她说，有一位同学作为优秀的作家最突出。A. stood out突出；B. woke up醒来；C. passed by路过；D. set off出发，引发。根据上下文可知，作者在这次写作中很突出。故选A。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。”A. descriptions描述；B. remarks评语；C. suggestions建议；D. accounts描述。根据后半句可知，作文上写的是老师的评语。故选B。
【67题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。” A. fill填满，充满；B. occupy占据；C. connect连接；D. present陈述，赠送。固定搭配fill…with…表示“用……充满……”，根据下文可知，作者的作文里充满了真情与创意。故选A。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。”A. advantage优点；B. purpose目的；C. gift天赋，礼物；D. trouble麻烦。根据上半句可知，作者的作文里满含真情与创意，所以老师想让作者与同学们分享他的写作天赋。故选C。
【69题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人帮助我找到了归属感和经历我人生中艰难的过渡期的方法。 A. responsibility责任；B. belonging归属；C. devotion奉献；D. relief缓解，轻松。根据上文“I had little___4___ of making friends. (我几乎没有希望交到朋友)”以及“I thought it was the best chance for me to be___11___ by the class.(我认为这是我被全部同学接受的最好的机会)”可知作者没有朋友，想要通过这次写作得到同学们的接受，所以老师帮助作者找到了归属感。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她帮助我找到了自信，这种自信伴随我度过了我的学校生活。A. interest兴趣；B. imagination想象；C. respect尊重；D. confidence自信。根据上文“The class clapped their hands wildly...(同学们很热烈地鼓掌……)”以及“You are a very excellent writer.(你是一位非常优秀的作家)”可知，同学和老师的肯定让作者有了信心。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第一节：语法填空（共10题，每题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China speed is amazing the world. While other countries are struggling to make high-speed railway a ____71____ (real), the China Railway Corporation has been busying itself in laying down over 25,000 km of high-speed tracks over the past ten years — accounting for roughly two ____72____(three) of the world’s total length of high-speed rail lines.
Up to now, China _____73_____(build) the largest high-speed rail network worldwide. The impacts go well beyond the railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of urban development, increases in tourism, and growth of regional economy. To boost regional integration and economic growth, plans for high-speed maglev (磁悬浮) lines with trains _____74_____ (travel) at a speed of 600 kph or more are taking shape in more Chinese cities.
“China started operating _____75_____ (it) first maglev railway more than a decade ago. ______76______, for lack of critical technologies at that time, we only concentrated on conventional high-speed rail,” said Sun Zhang, _____77_____ is a leading railway specialist. But the research team, ____78____ (lead) by him, tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations.
There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and _____79_____( rely) , especially during “Chunyun”, ______80______ annual test on the China's transportation system. Thanks to “China speed”, people can go back home for reunions with families and friends in time.
【答案】71. reality
72. thirds 73. has built
74. travelling##traveling
75. its 76. However##Nevertheless
77. who 78. led
79. reliable
80. an
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国高速铁路的快速发展，带动了城市，经济和旅游业的发展，为人们提供了更多的便利。
【71题详解】
考查名词。句意：其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时，中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知，冠词修饰单数可数名词，故填reality。
【72题详解】
考查数词。句意：其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时，中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知，设空处应该是分数的分母，分数的表达为分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于一时，分母用复数，故填thirds。
【73题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建设了全球最大的高速铁路网。分句句子可知，build是谓语动词，由时间状语Up to now可知，用现在完成时，主语China是第三人称单数，故填has built。
【74题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了促进区域一体化和经济增长，时速600公里或以上的高速磁浮线路计划正在中国更多城市形成。 分析句子可知， 谓语动词是“are taking shape”，故travel用非谓语动词形式作定语修饰trains，trains与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填travelling/traveling。
【75题详解】
考查代词。句意：十多年前，中国开始运营它的首条磁悬浮铁路。修饰名词railway用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【76题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，由于当时缺乏关键技术，我们只专注于传统高速铁路，铁路专家孙章说。根据句意，此处与上文是转折关系，且由逗号与主句隔开，故填However## Nevertheless。
【77题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，“____7____is a leading railway specialist”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sun Zhang，设空处为引导词，在从句中做主语，指人，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词who，故填who。
【78题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：但是他领导的研究团队，尽他们最大的努力从国外学习先进的技术，最终开发出我们自己的创新。分析句子可知，设空处修饰the research team作定语，和被修饰语the research team之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填led。
【79题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不可否认，所有这些成就都使我们的旅行变得方便和可靠，特别是在“春运”期间，这是中国交通系统的一次年度测试。分析句子可知，设空处和convenient并列为宾语补足语，应用形容词，故填reliable。
【80题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，并且前面有形容词，应用冠词，根据句意，此处泛指“一次年度测试”，且设空后的词annual以元音因素开头，故填an。
第二节：短文改错（满分10分）
81. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ⋀),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划--横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限- -词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Hi, Jane,
It had been almost half a year since I came to my new school. I think I should share with you one of the problem I have been facing.
As I told you last time, I have made three good friends here. We usual hang out together after school. We've been spending a lot of time singing in KTV. It has really cost me too many. I also think it is a time wasting activity! In fact, I don't want go anymore, but I'm afraid I'll loss their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to us?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Yours,
Grace
【答案】1. had→has 2. problem→problems 3. usual→usually 4. many→much
5. go前加to 6. loss→lose 7. How→What 8. are→were 9. us→them 10. 删去with
【解析】
【分析】这一篇书信，Grace写信就和朋友相处这一问题求助朋友Jane。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：距我第一次来到我的新学校，已经差不过半年了。句中半年是从过去到现在，应该用现在完成时。故将had改为has。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意：我想我应该和你分享我正面临的问题之一。分析句子可知one of +可数名词复数，表示“...中的一个”，故problem“问题”需要改为复数形式。故将problem改为problems。
3.考查副词。句意：放学后我们总是一起闲逛。由句意可知usual“总是”在句中修饰动词hang out“闲逛”，故需用副词形式。故将usual改为usually。
4.考查量词。句意：这真的花费了我很多钱。由前文singing in KTV“去KTV唱歌”可知花了许多钱。故cost too many“花费过多”指的是钱的花销。而money“钱”是不可数名词，量词应该用much。故将many改为much。
5.考查不定式。句意：事实上，我不想再去了，但是我又害怕失去这段友谊。句中want to do sth表示“想要做某事”，故句中缺不定式标志to。故在go前加上to。
6.考查动词。句意：事实上，我不想再去了，但是我又害怕失去这段友谊。分析句子可知afraid后接形容词宾语从句，情态动词will后的“失去” 在从句中充当谓语，故名词形式loss不合适，需要改成动词原形。故将loss改为lose。
7.考查疑问代词。句意：你认为我该做什么？分析句子可知do you think“你认为”为插入语，主句为what should I do?；因为有插入语，疑问语序变成陈述语序what I should do，但能确定的是使用what做主语，how只能作状语。故将how改为what。
8.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你是我，你将怎么跟他们说？分析句子可知为虚拟语气，且表示的是对现在的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时，be动词表示虚拟的一般过去时只有were一种形式。故将are改为were。
9.考查人称代词。句意：如果你是我，你将怎么跟他们说？根据前文“I have made three good friends here.”“我在这里交了三个好朋友。”可知指代朋友人称代词应该用复数，且是第三人称，即them；本句中us“我们”指代有误。故将us改为them。
10.考查动词搭配。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。句中help为及物动词，可直接接人做主语。即please help me。故将with删去。
第三节 写作（满分25分）
82. 上周日你校学生会举办了一次森林公园郊游活动。请你为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。
内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3个人感受。
注意：1词数100左右；2. 题目已为你写好。
A meaningful outgoing to the Forest Park
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】 A meaningful outgoing to the Forest Park
Organized by the students’ union, we participated in a one-day trip to the Forest Park last Sunday, which intended us to get close to nature and love nature.
At 7 A.M., we started on foot and it took about one and half hours before we reached our destination. During the walk, not only did we breathe the fresh air but also appreciated the fantastic surrounding views. In the Forest Park, the landscape was so attractive that all our stress was relieved. We had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic there.
Thanks to this opportunity to experience nature, this activity rewarded us with an unforgettable memory.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍你校学生会举办的森林公园郊游活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
到达：get to→reach
欣赏：enjoy→appreciate
机会：chance→opportunity
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic there.
拓展句：We liked the Forest Park where we had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Organized by the students’ union, we participated in a one-day trip to the Forest Park last Sunday, which intended us to get close to nature and love nature. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In the Forest Park, the landscape was so attractive that all our stress was relieved. (运用了so…that…引导的结果状语从句)
2022届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：基础知识考查（每小题1分，共30小题, 满分 30 分）
选词填空
A. acknowledge B. consult C. owe D. circulate E. contract
1. With no solid evidence, he refused to _______ stealing the lady’s purse.
2. He is a famous lawyer and many people come to _______him about some cases.
3. Because of your help, I have made great progress in my study. In other words, I __my progress to your help.
4. The economy continues to _______, raising fears of further political problems.
5. During an emergency period, those who _______false news should be severely punished by the authorities.
【答案】1. A 2. B
3. C 4. E
5. D
【解析】
【分析】
【1题详解】
考查动词。句意：由于没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“acknowledge doing sth.”， 意为“承认做某事”，“acknowledge”意为“承认”，动词词性，“refuse to do sth.”意为“拒绝做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“acknowledge”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词。句意：他是一位著名的律师，许多人来咨询他一些案件。根据句意和句中“He is a famous lawyer”可知，应该是“咨询”他一些案件，“consult”意为“咨询”，动词词性，句中“to _____ him about some cases”为不定式作目的状语，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“consult”。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：由于你的帮助，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。换句话说，我的进步归功于你的帮助。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定短语“owe…to…”，意为“把……归功于……”，“owe”意为“归功于”，动词词性，句子主语为“I”，故空格处用“owe”的原形。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词。句意：经济继续收缩，引发了对进一步政治问题的担忧。根据句意和句中“raising fears of further political problems”可知，经济应该是“收缩”了，“contract”意为“收缩”，动词词性，“continue to do sth.”意为“继续做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应用“contract”。故E项。
【5题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：在紧急时期，传播虚假消息的人应该受到当局的严厉惩罚。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，根据句意可知，“传播”虚假消息的人应该受到惩罚，“circulate”意为“传播”，动词词性，句子为“who”引导的定语从句，“who”代替先行词“those”，在句中作主语，先行词为复数形式，故应用“circulate”的原形。故选D项。
选词填空
A. assumption B. approval C. remark D. reflection E. respect
6. I would appreciate it if my application could get your _______.
7. He made a rude _______about the fruit that it is not fresh enough.
8. Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the _______you've made.
9. Upon _______, he made a decision that the community service should be promoted.
10. In which _______do you think China is the greatest? science or politics.
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. A 9. D
10. E
【解析】
【分析】
【6题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：如果我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感激。设空处跟在及物动词get后面充当宾语，且根据设空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，设空处要填名词；approval意为“同意，批准”，符合题意。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：他对那种水果做了一个粗鲁的评论，认为那些水果不够新鲜。设空处位于及物动词made后面充当宾语，且前面有不定冠词a，可知设空处要用名词单数形式；remark意为“评论”，符合题意。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：试着去理解实际发生了什么，而不是根据你的假设去行动。设空处位于介词on后面充当宾语，且前面有定冠词the，可知设空处要填名词；assumption与前面的actually构成对应关系，符合题意。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：经过深思熟虑，他决定推广社区服务。设空处位于介词upon后面充当宾语；reflection意为“深思熟虑”，符合题意。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词作宾语。句意：你认为中国在哪些方面是最伟大的?科学还是政治。设空处位于介词in后面充当宾语；respect意为“方面”，符合题意。故选E项。
选词填空
A. accustomed B. opposed C. covered D. abandoned E. transformed
11. As we all know, English people are _______to driving on the left.
12. The media _______the Youth Olympic Games held in Nanjing in a variety of forms.
13. Many farmers _______the the plan because they feared that wolves would kill the farm animals or pets.
14. The car _______America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
15. The broken bike was found _______by the riverside.
【答案】11. A 12. C
13. B 14. E
15. D
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左行驶。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“be accustomed to doing sth.”，意为“习惯于做某事”，“accustomed”意为“习惯的”，形容词词性。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：媒体以各种形式报导了在南京举行的青年奥运会。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，根据句意“报道”可知，空格处涉及单词“cover”，意为“报导”，动词词性，过去式为“covered”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：许多农民反对这项计划，因为他们担心狼会杀死农场的动物或宠物。根据句意和句中“feared”可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，根据“they feared that wolves would kill the farm animals or pets”可知，农民是反对这项计划的，“oppose”意为“反对”，动词词性，过去式为“opposed”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：汽车使美国从一个以农业为基础的社会转变为一个工业强国。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“transform…from…to…”，意为“把……从……转变为……”，“transform”意为“使转变”，动词词性，过去式为“transformed”。故选E项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那辆破自行车被发现遗弃在河边。分析句子可知，句中涉及“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，空格处应用形容词作宾语补足语，“abandoned”意为“被抛弃的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选D项。
选词填空
A. cautious B. affordable C. accessible D. military E. severe
16. Eating out once or twice a week may be _______, but doing this most days adds up.
17. Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more ____and preserve its history and culture.
18. We should not focus on how to fight each other, but how to prevent _______action.
19. The spokesman was very _______about expressing his opinions in public in case he might make mistakes.
20. Faced with the ___employment situation, many graduates are considering going to work in the rural area.
【答案】16. B 17. C
18. D 19. A
20. E
【解析】
【分析】
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每周出去吃一到两次可能是可以负担的，但大多数日子都这样做会增加负担。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作表语，“affordable”意为“负担得起的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：莫兰希望扩大爵士乐的受众，让爵士乐更容易被接受，并保护其历史和文化。分析句子可知，句中涉及“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，空格处应用形容词，在句中作宾语补足语，“accessible”意为“容易理解的，易懂的”，形容词词性，符合句意，“more accessible”为其比较级形式。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们不应该关注如何相互作战，而应该关注如何防止军事行动。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作定语，修饰“action”，“military”意为“军事的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这位发言人在公开发表意见时非常谨慎，以免出错。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作表语，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：面对严峻的就业形势，许多毕业生正在考虑去农村工作。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作定语，修饰“employment situation”，“severe”意为“严峻的”，形容词词性，符合句意。故选E项。
选词填空
A. no wonder B. let alone C. word came that D. take on E. get down to
21. I began to realize_______ my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish, they knew what was still to come.
22. Some insects _______the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
23. He refused to admit his mistake, _______ apologize to us for it.
24. The driver was at a loss when _______he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
25. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s _______some serious work.
【答案】21. A 22. D
23. B 24. C
25. E
【解析】
【分析】
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我开始意识到，难怪我的同伴们每道菜都只吃了几口，他们知道还有什么菜要上。根据句意和句中“they knew what was still to come”可知，句中涉及固定短语“no wonder”，意为“难怪，怪不得”，句中表示“难怪”我的同伴们每道菜都只吃了几口。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：有些昆虫为了保护自己而呈现出周围环境的颜色。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定短语“take on”，意为“呈现，显出”，句子主语“insects”为可数名词复数形式，故“take”应用原形。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他拒绝承认自己的错误，更不用说为此向我们道歉了。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“let alone ”，意为“更不用说”， 连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：当有消息说他因超速被禁止开车时，司机不知所措。根据句意和句中“was”可知，句子陈述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“word came that”，意为“有消息说，有消息传来”，“that”引导同位语从句，对抽象名词“word”进行解释说明。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：不管怎样，我们现在在这里了，让我们开始认真工作吧。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“get down to”，意为“开始干，着手做”，“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，“let”后接动词原形。故选E项。
选词填空
A. adapt to B. make out C. used to D. come up with E. get away from
26. Human beings will continue to _______ the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
27. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____home and earn some money on his own.
28. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t _______ what he was saying.
29. Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. This is what my mother _______tell me.
30. Although against my opinion, the old professor didn’t _______his own.
【答案】26. A 27. E
28. B 29. C
30. D
【解析】
【26题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：人类将继续以普通和惊人的方式适应不断变化的气候。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“adapt to…”，意为“适应……”，“continue to do sth.”意为“继续做某事”，“to”后接动词原形。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他母亲曾认为，离开家，自己挣钱对他的性格有好处。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“get away from…”，意为“离开……”，句中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故选E项。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：凯特在后台听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make out”，意为“听出，弄清”，“couldn’t”为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：每次你吃甜食时，喝绿茶。这是我妈妈过去常告诉我的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“used to do sth.”，意为“过去常常做某事”，句中指我妈妈“过去常”告诉我。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：尽管与我的意见相反，这位老教授并没有提出自己的观点。根据句意和句中“didn’t”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，句中涉及固定短语“come up with…”，意为“提出（计划、想法等）”，“didn’t”后接动词原形。故选D项。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节: (共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ready to start an exciting new journey and pursue an education in National University of Singapore? Overseas Training Program for senior high school graduates may be your chance. Our team is here to walk you through the application process and answer any and all of your questions along the way.
Qualifications
• The applicant must be a non-Singaporean citizen holding a foreign passport.
• Applicants have no criminal record, observe Singaporean government laws, regulations, and respect the customs and habits of the Singaporean people.
• Applicants should be over 18 years old.
• Applicants should be physically and mentally healthy.
• Applicants should be able to communicate in English.
Application Time： July 10, 2021 to September 1, 2021
Enrollment（入学）Date：September 10, 2021
Application Procedure
• Applicants should visit the official website to inquire about the 2021 admission information and fill in the Application Form.
• Applicants shall name the application materials according to the list, pack the folder and send it to our school and the school will evaluate the admission qualification.
• Applicants who have passed the admission qualification review will participate in the interview or written test organized by the department that you apply for.
• The qualified candidates will finally receive our admission letter.
Fees
Items
Full-time Graduate Programs
Textbooks
Insurance
Accommodation
Fees (per year)
$ 5,000
$ 500
$ 100
Single
Double
$ 1,000
$ 500
31. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Being a Singaporean citizen.
B. Having a clean personal record.
C. Having a sound body and mind.
D. Having a good command of English.
32. What can ensure the applicants an interview opportunity?
A. A high test score.
B. An application form.
C. Overseas studying experience.
D. Qualified application documents.
33. What's the total annual cost for a student hoping to live alone?
A. $ 1,000. B. $ 6,600. C. $ 6,100. D. $ 5,600.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章以广告的形式介绍了新加坡国立大学的申请流程。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由Qualifications下的第一段“The applicant must be a non-Singaporean citizen holding a foreign passport.”（申请人必须是持有外国护照的非新加坡公民。），可知申请人必须是非新加坡公民，新加坡公民不能申请。故选A项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由Application Procedure下的第二段“Applicants shall name the application materials according to the list, pack the folder and send it to our school and the school will evaluate the admission qualification.”（申请者应根据名单对申请材料进行命名，并将文件夹打包发送至我校，学校将对入学资格进行评估。），可知学校对入学资格进行评估，进行文件审查，所以要按照申请学校的要求准备文件，即拥有合格的申请文件才能确保申请人获得面试机会。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由Fees下的表格信息“Full-time Graduate Programs $5000”（全日制研究生课程 5000美元），“Textbooks $ 500”（课本 500美元），“Insurance $ 100”（保险 100美元）和“Accommodation: Single $ 1,000 Double $ 500”（住宿：单人1000美元 双人500美元）可知，一个希望独居的学生每年的总费用是6600美元（5000美元+500美元+100美元+1000美元）。故选B项。
B
The first time I used the TV to distract my daughter, I felt like a bad parent; I convinced myself I was a “bad” mom—these days I believe the opposite to be true. Screen time makes me a better mom.
Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.
Like most 6-year-olds, my daughter gets worked up and excited easily and watching a cartoon gives her a chance to shut off her mind. And there are other reasons— more selfish reasons. I am a work-from-work mom, and giving her screen time gives me “me”time. I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.
There are other benefits, too. TV has also taught my daughter. Thanks to “super Why”,she knew her alphabet at 2, and thanks to “Sesame Street”, she was able to count to 20 by age 3. And I use the screen as a great incentive. My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.
Of course, I have a few rules. During meals, the TV is off; all programs must be supervised; on weekdays, she is limited to two hours maximum. So remember: It doesn’t matter what our kids watch; it matters what they do, what they say, what they feel and how they act, and only you know what is best for them.
34. What can be learned about the author’s opinion about screen time?
A. It fails to take kids into consideration.
B. It is welcome by most crappy parents.
C. It challenges a popular belief.
D. It is in line with experts.
35. How can screen time be good for kids of mothers working at home?
A. It gives them topics to discuss with friends.
B. It gives them some uninterrupted time.
C It enables them to keep their spirits up.
D. It helps them become independent.
36. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Motivator B. Relaxation
C. Idea producer D. Learning tool
37. Which of the following might the author agree with ?
A. Science and technology are primary productive forces.
B. A man is good-for-nothing until he is educated.
C. Nothing can be accomplished without rules.
D. Each coin has two sides.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文章。文章谈论了作者合理让孩子看电视，对自己和孩子都带来了好处。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That’s ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（ 现在我知道你们大多数人可能在想什么：这太荒谬了。只有糟糕的父母才会依赖屏幕来照顾他们的孩子。再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）以及第一段结尾“Screen time makes me a better mom.”（屏幕时间让我成为一个更好的妈妈。）可知，作者对屏幕时间的看法挑战了一个流行的观点。故选C项。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I’m able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.”（我能在她看电视的时候写作。虽然这听起来很糟糕，但我相信我正在帮助我的女儿意识到她应该依靠自己。当妈妈工作的时候，她会得到她自己的零食，饮料和玩具。）可知，妈妈在家工作的时候，自己看电视帮助孩子变得独立。故选D项。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词句子后文“My daughter earns “tablet time” when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.”（我女儿在完成任务时赚取“平板时间” ，例如，整理床铺挣15分钟，做作业挣30分钟。）可知，女儿完成任务就会赚到看电视的时间，据此推测“And I use the screen as a great incentive.”（我把屏幕作为一个很好的incentive。）其中incentive应该是“奖励措施”，选项A“动力；激发因素”，最为接近。故选A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”（再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。）可知，作者认为关于孩子看电视这件事有弊也有利，凡事都有两面性。故选D项。
C
If Mars were the popular kid in school, Venus（金星）would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner, largely ignored. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth, but being closer to the sun, it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun.
However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead. Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.
Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes (微生物). Though this doesn't mean it was produced by life on Venus, attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed.
Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look. While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately, the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light. As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted: “It’s time to prioritize Venus.”
In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.
The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.
38. Which description about Venus is not true?
A. It is almost as large as Earth.
B. It has nearly the same mass as Earth.
C. It has a warmer Earth-like climate.
D. It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere.
39. What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate?
A. This kind of gas is very common.
B. There might exist signs of life.
C. Many products can be made with it.
D. Experiments were once conducted there.
40. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. The approaches to exploring phosphine.
B. The importance of observations.
C. The power of computer simulations.
D. The necessity to analyse phosphine.
41. Which can best describe the author’s attitude to the exploration of Venus?
A. Casual. B. Cautious. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead.”（然而，金星的气候并不像地球那样温暖，金星的表面和大气层令人难以忍受: 硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度高到足以融化铅。）由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候”错误。故选C项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.”（尽管如此，现在有迹象表明金星可能孕育生命）根据第三段“Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine (磷化氢)in Venus’s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology.”（英国卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯和她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物的副产品）由此可知，磷化氢的发现表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.”（在未来的几个月和几年里，计算机模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。将进行更多的实验室实验，试图确定生产磷化氢的其他方法。然而，不能保证这些努力会揭示金星上这种物质的真实性质。一个新提出的策略是直接对金星的大气层和表面进行取样。通过这样做，我们将能够直接测量磷化氢。）可知，第五段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。故选A项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.”（在金星大气中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。也许，角落里安静的孩子会笑到最后。）由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。故选C项。
D
Green skin is common in science fiction, but what if green skin were not just for aliens? It humans had green skin, what if it granted us the ability to perform photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants use to live off of sunlight?
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live off of photosynthesis because they grow broad, flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible, They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
According to Lindsay Turnbull, a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf, the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth, Turnbull estimated.
In addition, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide. Plants have pores(毛孔)that they use to supply the gas to their cells. If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climates. Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area, they would likely base other resource issues to deal with, such as a lack of water. Scalzi said. “There's always going to be trade-offs(平衡).” he noted.
And would photosynthetic humans prefer hole or no clothing to absorb all those rays? In some photosynthetic societies, clothing might become a symbol of the elite- a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis. You can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, so I can cover up." Scalzi said.
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself? "Probably not.” he said. “I don’t see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I’d look to benefit from it.”
42. Why can't humans live off of photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull?
A. Because we are less active. B. Because we wear clothes.
C. Because we don’t have green skin. D. Because our skin area is not large enough.
43. If photosynthetic humans had pores, what would be the disadvantage?
A. They would absorb too much CO2.
B. They would release some useful substances.
C. They would be too small for human beings.
D. They would keep gases from entering the human body.
44. What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself?
A. He was too conservative to accept that.
B. He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates.
C. He believed there were more risks than benefits.
D. He thought clothing was simply a symbol of upper class.
45. How does the author support the theme of the text?
A. By providing research results. B. By describing a process.
C. By making classifications. D. By following the time order.
【答案】42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin - about a tennis court’s worth, Turnbull estimated.”（Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。）可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选D项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.”（如果光合人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。）可知，如果光合作用的人类有毛孔，缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Scalzi所说的话“I don’t see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I’d look to benefit from it.”（我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。）可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。故选C项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to Lindsay Turnbull. a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf. the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth. Turnbull estimated.”（根据Lindsay Turnbull的说法。 牛津大学的植物生态学家，如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。 她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1％。 一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。）并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。故选A项。
第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent “negativity bias（消极偏见）” that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones. ____46____There is a positive explanation for the question. After all, we are motivated to grow after a misstep. However, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How? ____47____
Practice Positivity. Like your muscles, your thought patterns respond to how they are used and exercised. You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind. ____48____For example, set calendar reminders throughout your day to convey an expression of gratitude or simply adjust your body language so you're holding yourself with strength and confidence.
____49____We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment：Maybe there's a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.
Ask for Positive Reminders. Get in the habit of checking in with people who are with you when goodness finds you today. Mention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn't it?” ____50____And who knows, you may help your friend, family member or coworker have a more positive day as well!
A. Try the following suggested ideas.
B. Redefine negativity as an opportunity.
C. Instead, practice your positive lifestyle.
D. Its negative influence can never be avoided.
E. Why and how does this phenomenon happen?
F. How do you handle it as you try to live with more positivity?
G. Asking others to confirm your positive insights can facilitate your positivity.
【答案】46. E 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，但人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，文章给了一些方法帮助人们走出消极偏见。
【46题详解】
由上一句“Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent “negativity bias（消极偏见）” that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones.”（心理学家长期以来一直认为，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，这导致我们更多地关注消极的思想、情感和事件，而不是积极的思想、情感和事件。）和下一句“There is a positive explanation for the question.”（对这个问题有一个肯定的解释。）可知，上句提到了“消极偏见”这种消极的心理问题现象，下句又说这个问题有一个肯定的解释，可得出该空填写内容应与解释这种现象为什么和如何发生的信息有关，承接上下文，E选项“这种现象为什么会发生，又是如何发生的？”切题。故选E项。
【47题详解】
由上两句“However, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How?”（然而，我们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中。怎样做呢？），第二段首句“Practice Positivity.”（实践积极性。）和最后一段首句“Ask for Positive Reminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）及下文内容可知，上文说人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，下文讲走出消极偏见的一些建议（如实践积极性和要求积极的提醒），可得出该空填写的内容与提供建议有关，承接上下文，A选项“尝试以下建议。”切题。故选A项。
【48题详解】
由本段小标题“Practice Positivity.”（实践积极性。）和上一句“You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind.”（你不必消除你心中的消极偏见。）可知，作者建议读者在生活中去实践积极性，即以积极的态度去生活，所以无需消除你心中的消极偏见，只需在生活中不断实践积极的生活方式，承接上文，C选项“相反，练习你积极的生活方式。”切题。故选C项。
【49题详解】
根据本段内容，归纳出小标题。由本段后文“We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment：Maybe there's a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.”（我们生活在一个大流行病、经济压力和严重分裂的时代。我们的消极偏见要求我们关注这些现实。但我们也很乐意看到这一刻的机遇：也许有一个家庭项目，否则我们就没有时间去解决。）可知，即使我们的消极偏见要求我们关注那些消极的现实，但我们也要在消极中看到机遇，可得出本段主要讲在消极中找到机遇，承接下文，B选项“将消极性重新定义为机遇。”切题。故选B项。
【50题详解】
由本段小标题“Ask for Positive Reminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）和上一句“Mention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn't it?””（对他们说：“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”）可知，在本段中作者建议读者要去向别人索要积极的提醒来摆脱消极偏见，如用反义疑问句“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”来肯定自己的积极性，承接上文，G选项“让别人确认你的积极见解可以促进你的积极性。”切题。故选G项。
第三部分 英语知识运用
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题中所给的四个选项（ABCD）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I grew up in a military family. When my parents retired from the army after eighteen years of ___51___, I had to study with those twelve- year-olds who shared no___52___ life experience with me.
Most of my new classmates had grown up together and they had no room to___53___ for a newcomer. I wore different clothes and spoke with a different accent. I had little___54___ of making friends. I___55___ for the first few weeks in my new school.
To deal with it all, I began___56___ in my diary every day. I wrote as if my life depended on it. I could not stand the loneliness___57___ I wrote it down in my diary.
One day, my teacher, Mrs. Bush, asked why I always sat there writing. I lied that I___58___ writing to playing. One week later, Mrs. Bush gave us a writing assignment (任务). I was___59___that I could now participate in something I knew I was good at. So I worked on the essay_____60_____ and handed it. I thought it was the best chance for me to be_____61_____ by the class.
The next day, Mrs. Bush called me up to the_____62_____ of the classroom. I stood before my classmates and I got_____63_____. Was I in trouble? Did I do something wrong?
Then Mrs. Bush told the class how much she_____64_____ all the work that went into the essays and everyone had done a great job. But, she said, one student_____65_____ as an excellent writer. That student was me!
The class clapped their hands wildly and Mrs. Bush handed me my paper, with the following_____66_____on it,“You are a very excellent writer. You_____67_____ your essay with your true feeling and creativity. Please keep on writing and share your_____68_____ of writing with the class.”
Mrs. Bush helped me feel a sense of_____69_____and a way to go through the hard transition (过渡) in my life. She helped me gain_____70_____ in myself that stayed with me beyond my school life.
51. A. peace B. training C. war D. service .
52 A. hard B. similar C. healthy D. wonderful
53. A. build B. preserve C. take D. spare
54. A. use B. control C. hope D. need
55. A. struggled B. played C. survived D. exercised
56. A. debating B. drawing C. writing D. swearing
57. A. unless B. once C. while D. after
58. A. compared B. applied C. turned D. preferred
59. A. astonished B. satisfied C. excited D. embarrassed
60. A. anxiously B. curiously C. half- heartedly D. enthusiastically
61. A. impressed B. accepted C. challenged D. envied
62. A. front B. corner C. door D. outside
63. A. annoyed B. disappointed C. worried D. surprised .
64. A. appreciated B. expected C. ignored D. enjoyed
65. A. stood out B. woke up C. passed by D. set off
66. A. descriptions B. remarks C. suggestions D. accounts
67. A. fill B. occupy C. connect D. present
68. A. advantage B. purpose C. gift D. trouble
69. A. responsibility B. belonging C. devotion D. relief
70. A. interest B. imagination C. respect D. confidence
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. D 61. B 62. A 63. C 64. A 65. A 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何通过写作得到了老师及同学的认同并获得了自信的故事。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母在部队服务18年后退休时，我不得不和那些没有和我有相似经历的12岁的人一起学习。A. peace和平；B. training训练；C. war战争；D. service服务。根据上文“I grew up in a military family.(我生长在一个军人家庭)”可知，我父母在军队服役了(service)十八年。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我的父母在部队服务18年后退休时，我不得不和那些没有和我有相似经历的12岁的人一起学习。A. hard难的，硬的；B. similar相似的；C. healthy健康的；D. wonderful神奇的。根据上文可知，作者生长在军人家庭，当他返回普通学校读书时，身边没有与他有相似经历的人。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的大多数同学都是一起长大的，他们（内心）无法为一个新来的人腾地方。A. build建造；B. preserve保存；C. take拿走；D. spare匀，挤。固定搭配spare room for sb.表示“为某人腾空间”。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎没有希望交到朋友。A. use使用；B. control控制；C. hope希望；D. need需要。根据上文“Most of my new classmates had grown up together and they had no room to___3___ for a newcomer.(我的大多数同学都是一起长大的，他们（内心）无法为一个新来的人腾地方)”可知，作者交到朋友的希望渺茫。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在新学校的第一周是十分艰难的。A. struggled挣扎，努力；B. played玩耍；C. survived幸存；D. exercised锻炼。根据上文可知，作者第一周过的很艰难。故选A。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解决这个问题，我开始每天写日记。A. debating辩论；B. drawing画画；C. writing写；D. swearing发誓。根据下文“I wrote as if my life depended on it.(我写得好像我的生命就靠它了)”可知，作者开始写日记。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我不能忍受那种孤独，除非我将它写在日记中。A. unless除非；B. once一旦；C. while当……时，虽然；D. after在……之后。根据上文“I wrote as if my life depended on it.(我写得好像我的生命就靠它了)”可知，作者不能忍受那种孤独，除非我将它写在日记中。故选A。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我撒谎说比起玩耍我更喜欢写作。A. compared比较；B. applied申请，应用；C. turned转向；D. preferred更喜欢。根据语境可知，此处指作者更喜欢写作，固定搭配prefer…to…“比起……更喜欢……”。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很开心能参与到自己擅长的活动。A. astonished惊讶的；B. satisfied满意的；C. excited兴奋的，激动的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据后半句可知，这是自己擅长的，所以心情很激动。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我很热情地投入到写作中并把它交了。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. curiously好奇地；C. half- heartedly半心半意地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据上文“I was___9___that I could now participate in something I knew I was good at.(我很开心能参与到自己擅长的活动)”可知，作者写作时应是充满热情的。故选D。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是我被全部同学接受的最好的机会。A. impressed留下印象；B. accepted接受；C. challenged挑战；D. envied嫉妒。根据上文“I had little___4___ of making friends.(我几乎没有希望交到朋友)”可知，作者没有朋友，所以很想被同学们接受。故选B。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，布什夫人把我叫到班级前面。A. front前面；B. corner角落；C. door门；D. outside外部。根据下文“I stood before my classmates and I got___13___ .(我站在同学们的前面，并且很担忧)”可知，老师把我叫到班级前面。故选A。
【63题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，布什夫人把我叫到班级前面。A. annoyed生气的；B. disappointed失望的；C. worried担心的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Was I in trouble?(我是不是遇到麻烦了)”可知，作者很担心。故选C。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后布什夫人告诉全班同学对于大家在这篇文章中的贡献十分欣赏，并且每个人都做的很棒。A. appreciated欣赏；B. expected期望；C. ignored忽视；D. enjoyed享受。根据后半句可知，布什夫人很欣赏同学们的工作。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，她说，有一位同学作为优秀的作家最突出。A. stood out突出；B. woke up醒来；C. passed by路过；D. set off出发，引发。根据上下文可知，作者在这次写作中很突出。故选A。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。”A. descriptions描述；B. remarks评语；C. suggestions建议；D. accounts描述。根据后半句可知，作文上写的是老师的评语。故选B。
【67题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。” A. fill填满，充满；B. occupy占据；C. connect连接；D. present陈述，赠送。固定搭配fill…with…表示“用……充满……”，根据下文可知，作者的作文里充满了真情与创意。故选A。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人把我的作文给了我，上面有她的评语，“你是一位很棒的作家。你的作文满含真情与创意。希望你能和班里的同学分享你的写作天赋。”A. advantage优点；B. purpose目的；C. gift天赋，礼物；D. trouble麻烦。根据上半句可知，作者的作文里满含真情与创意，所以老师想让作者与同学们分享他的写作天赋。故选C。
【69题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布什夫人帮助我找到了归属感和经历我人生中艰难的过渡期的方法。 A. responsibility责任；B. belonging归属；C. devotion奉献；D. relief缓解，轻松。根据上文“I had little___4___ of making friends. (我几乎没有希望交到朋友)”以及“I thought it was the best chance for me to be___11___ by the class.(我认为这是我被全部同学接受的最好的机会)”可知作者没有朋友，想要通过这次写作得到同学们的接受，所以老师帮助作者找到了归属感。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她帮助我找到了自信，这种自信伴随我度过了我的学校生活。A. interest兴趣；B. imagination想象；C. respect尊重；D. confidence自信。根据上文“The class clapped their hands wildly...(同学们很热烈地鼓掌……)”以及“You are a very excellent writer.(你是一位非常优秀的作家)”可知，同学和老师的肯定让作者有了信心。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第一节：语法填空（共10题，每题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China speed is amazing the world. While other countries are struggling to make high-speed railway a ____71____ (real), the China Railway Corporation has been busying itself in laying down over 25,000 km of high-speed tracks over the past ten years — accounting for roughly two ____72____(three) of the world’s total length of high-speed rail lines.
Up to now, China _____73_____(build) the largest high-speed rail network worldwide. The impacts go well beyond the railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of urban development, increases in tourism, and growth of regional economy. To boost regional integration and economic growth, plans for high-speed maglev (磁悬浮) lines with trains _____74_____ (travel) at a speed of 600 kph or more are taking shape in more Chinese cities.
“China started operating _____75_____ (it) first maglev railway more than a decade ago. ______76______, for lack of critical technologies at that time, we only concentrated on conventional high-speed rail,” said Sun Zhang, _____77_____ is a leading railway specialist. But the research team, ____78____ (lead) by him, tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations.
There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and _____79_____( rely) , especially during “Chunyun”, ______80______ annual test on the China's transportation system. Thanks to “China speed”, people can go back home for reunions with families and friends in time.
【答案】71. reality
72. thirds 73. has built
74. travelling##traveling
75. its 76. However##Nevertheless
77. who 78. led
79. reliable
80. an
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国高速铁路的快速发展，带动了城市，经济和旅游业的发展，为人们提供了更多的便利。
【71题详解】
考查名词。句意：其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时，中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知，冠词修饰单数可数名词，故填reality。
【72题详解】
考查数词。句意：其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时，中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知，设空处应该是分数的分母，分数的表达为分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于一时，分母用复数，故填thirds。
【73题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建设了全球最大的高速铁路网。分句句子可知，build是谓语动词，由时间状语Up to now可知，用现在完成时，主语China是第三人称单数，故填has built。
【74题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了促进区域一体化和经济增长，时速600公里或以上的高速磁浮线路计划正在中国更多城市形成。 分析句子可知， 谓语动词是“are taking shape”，故travel用非谓语动词形式作定语修饰trains，trains与travel之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填travelling/traveling。
【75题详解】
考查代词。句意：十多年前，中国开始运营它的首条磁悬浮铁路。修饰名词railway用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【76题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，由于当时缺乏关键技术，我们只专注于传统高速铁路，铁路专家孙章说。根据句意，此处与上文是转折关系，且由逗号与主句隔开，故填However## Nevertheless。
【77题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，“____7____is a leading railway specialist”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sun Zhang，设空处为引导词，在从句中做主语，指人，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词who，故填who。
【78题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：但是他领导的研究团队，尽他们最大的努力从国外学习先进的技术，最终开发出我们自己的创新。分析句子可知，设空处修饰the research team作定语，和被修饰语the research team之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填led。
【79题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不可否认，所有这些成就都使我们的旅行变得方便和可靠，特别是在“春运”期间，这是中国交通系统的一次年度测试。分析句子可知，设空处和convenient并列为宾语补足语，应用形容词，故填reliable。
【80题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，并且前面有形容词，应用冠词，根据句意，此处泛指“一次年度测试”，且设空后的词annual以元音因素开头，故填an。
第二节：短文改错（满分10分）
81. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ⋀),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划--横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限- -词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Hi, Jane,
It had been almost half a year since I came to my new school. I think I should share with you one of the problem I have been facing.
As I told you last time, I have made three good friends here. We usual hang out together after school. We've been spending a lot of time singing in KTV. It has really cost me too many. I also think it is a time wasting activity! In fact, I don't want go anymore, but I'm afraid I'll loss their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to us?
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Yours,
Grace
【答案】1. had→has 2. problem→problems 3. usual→usually 4. many→much
5. go前加to 6. loss→lose 7. How→What 8. are→were 9. us→them 10. 删去with
【解析】
【分析】这一篇书信，Grace写信就和朋友相处这一问题求助朋友Jane。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：距我第一次来到我的新学校，已经差不过半年了。句中半年是从过去到现在，应该用现在完成时。故将had改为has。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意：我想我应该和你分享我正面临的问题之一。分析句子可知one of +可数名词复数，表示“...中的一个”，故problem“问题”需要改为复数形式。故将problem改为problems。
3.考查副词。句意：放学后我们总是一起闲逛。由句意可知usual“总是”在句中修饰动词hang out“闲逛”，故需用副词形式。故将usual改为usually。
4.考查量词。句意：这真的花费了我很多钱。由前文singing in KTV“去KTV唱歌”可知花了许多钱。故cost too many“花费过多”指的是钱的花销。而money“钱”是不可数名词，量词应该用much。故将many改为much。
5.考查不定式。句意：事实上，我不想再去了，但是我又害怕失去这段友谊。句中want to do sth表示“想要做某事”，故句中缺不定式标志to。故在go前加上to。
6.考查动词。句意：事实上，我不想再去了，但是我又害怕失去这段友谊。分析句子可知afraid后接形容词宾语从句，情态动词will后的“失去” 在从句中充当谓语，故名词形式loss不合适，需要改成动词原形。故将loss改为lose。
7.考查疑问代词。句意：你认为我该做什么？分析句子可知do you think“你认为”为插入语，主句为what should I do?；因为有插入语，疑问语序变成陈述语序what I should do，但能确定的是使用what做主语，how只能作状语。故将how改为what。
8.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你是我，你将怎么跟他们说？分析句子可知为虚拟语气，且表示的是对现在的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时，be动词表示虚拟的一般过去时只有were一种形式。故将are改为were。
9.考查人称代词。句意：如果你是我，你将怎么跟他们说？根据前文“I have made three good friends here.”“我在这里交了三个好朋友。”可知指代朋友人称代词应该用复数，且是第三人称，即them；本句中us“我们”指代有误。故将us改为them。
10.考查动词搭配。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。句中help为及物动词，可直接接人做主语。即please help me。故将with删去。
第三节 写作（满分25分）
82. 上周日你校学生会举办了一次森林公园郊游活动。请你为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。
内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程；3个人感受。
注意：1词数100左右；2. 题目已为你写好。
A meaningful outgoing to the Forest Park
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】 A meaningful outgoing to the Forest Park
Organized by the students’ union, we participated in a one-day trip to the Forest Park last Sunday, which intended us to get close to nature and love nature.
At 7 A.M., we started on foot and it took about one and half hours before we reached our destination. During the walk, not only did we breathe the fresh air but also appreciated the fantastic surrounding views. In the Forest Park, the landscape was so attractive that all our stress was relieved. We had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic there.
Thanks to this opportunity to experience nature, this activity rewarded us with an unforgettable memory.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍你校学生会举办的森林公园郊游活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
到达：get to→reach
欣赏：enjoy→appreciate
机会：chance→opportunity
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic there.
拓展句：We liked the Forest Park where we had some beautiful pictures taken and enjoyed a wonderful picnic.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Organized by the students’ union, we participated in a one-day trip to the Forest Park last Sunday, which intended us to get close to nature and love nature. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] In the Forest Park, the landscape was so attractive that all our stress was relieved. (运用了so…that…引导的结果状语从句)
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