初中英语Section A优质学案设计

这是一份初中英语Section A优质学案设计，共11页。学案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

现在完成时（三） 含有since和fr的现在完成时态
since和fr是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”，fr“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，fr用来说明动作延续的时间长度
考点1 since和fr是现在完成时的重要标志
Smething ________ in ur hmetwn since 2014. Nw it ________ very mdern.
A. is changed; is lked
B. has changed; lks
C. changed; lks
【答案】B
【解析】本题用寻找题眼法。根据since可知第一句用现在完成时；由nw可知第二句应用一般现在时。
考点2 since和fr的用法
（1）since的用法
since+过去的时间点。如：年、月、日、几点等
☞since 1990 自从1990年起
☞since 5 ’clck 自从五点起
since+ 时间段+ ag
☞since 3 mnths ag 自从三个月以前
since+ 一般过去时的从句
☞since yu left hme 自从你离开家以后
①My grandparents ________ in that city since 2008.
A. will live B. live
C. have lived D. were living
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的祖父母从2008年就生活在哪个城市里。since＋过去的时间点是现在完成时的标志。
②I'm lking after Tm tday. He's been in my huse ________ 8：00 this mrning.
A. at B. sinceC. fr D. till
【答案】B
（2）since的一个固定句式“It is＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的从句”。
It is five years since I came here. 我来这儿5年了。
（3）fr的用法：fr＋时间段
—Did yu see Tm yesterday?
—N，I ________ him fr a lng time.
A. didn't see B. hasn't seen
C. saw D. haven't seen
【答案】D
【解析】本题用寻找题眼法。根据fr a lng time可知用现在完成时，且主语是第一人称，故用助动词have。
（4）在现在完成时当中，若对since和fr引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用hw lng来提问。
—________ have yu lived in Lanzhu?
—Since my parents fund jbs here.
A. Hw lng B. Hw far
C. Hw sn D. Hw ld
【答案】A
【解析】考查hw词组辨析。hw lng多久，提问时间段；hw far多远，提问距离；hw sn多久以后，提问将来的时间，答语常用in＋一段时间；hw ld多大，提问年龄。根据答语可知，问句是对时间段提问。
（5）since和fr的句式转换：
since＋时间段＋ag＝fr＋时间段
They haven't changed since twenty years ag.
＝They haven't changed fr twenty years.
他们已经二十年没有改变了。
考点3 延续性动词、短暂性动词与since, fr
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
(1) 若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/fr引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。
—The by misses his parents very much.
—S he des. They ________ the hmetwn fr nearly tw years.
A. have left B. will leaveC. have been away frm
【答案】C
(2) 短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词
①直接换成延续性动词
buy买→have有 brrw借→keep保留
put n穿上→wear穿着cme/g/becme来/去/变成→be在/是
②转换成be＋名词
jin the army参军→be a sldier当兵jin the Party 入党→be a
Party member成为一名党员g t schl去上学→be a student成为一名学生
③转换成be＋形容词/副词
die死亡→be dead死了finish结束→be ver结束
begin开始→be n 在上映/已开始leave离开→be away远离的
fall asleep入睡→be asleep睡着的clse关闭→be clsed关着的
④转换成be＋介词短语
g t schl去上学→be in schl在上学
jin the army参军→be in the army在军队中
Her sn ________the army fr tw mnths. She misses him very much.
A. has jined B. has been in
C. jined D. was in
【答案】B
member f。
考点4 现在完成时和一般过去时的转换
由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子可与由非延续性动词构成的句子相互转换。
I have kept the bk fr five days.
＝I brrwed the bk five days ag.
我五天前借的这本书。
Mary came t China three years ag.(改为同义句)
Mary ________ ________ in China since three years ag.
【答案】has been
Ⅰ. 用fr或since将下列句子改为同义句
1. Helen left tw hur ag.
Helen has been away ________ ________ ________.
2. Jack has a ty car and he gt it n his twelfth birthday.
Jack has wned the ty car _______ ________ ________ ________.
3. She arrived there at fur ’clck and she is still there.
She has been there _________ ________ _________.
4. Paul didn’t phne me after he went t Berlin.
Paul hasn’t phned me _______ _______ ______ ________ Berlin.
5. Tm’s grandpa died ten years ag.
Tm’s grandpa has been dead ________ ________ ________.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 自从去年冬天，我就没有收到过她的信。
I haven’t heard frm her ___________ _________ _________.
2. 我们已经在这里等了半个小时了。
We’ve already waited here ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 他们在这个城市生活了十五年了。
They’ve lived in this city ________ _______ ________.
4. 自从这周二开始，他就一直没去学校上学。
He hasn’t gne t schl _______ _______ Tuesday.
5. 这个孩子生病住院五天了。
The child has been ill in hspital ________ _________ _________.
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. They have been here since 2000．(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ have they been here?
2. This factry pened twenty years ag.(改为同义句)
This factry________ ________ ________ fr twenty years.
3. Miss Ga left an hur ag.(改为同义句)
Miss Ga ________ ________ ________ ________ an hur ag.
4. Her mther has been a Party member fr three years.(改为同义句)
Her mther ________ the Party three years ________.
5. The Green family mved t France tw years ag.(改为同义句)
The Green family ________ ________ ________ France ________ tw years.
6. His father ever played tennis n the schl team.（改为一般疑问句）
_______ his father ever _______tennis n the schl team?
7. The Hands have stayed in Nanjing fr tw years. （对画线部分提问）
_______ ________ _______ the Hands _________ in Nanjing?
8. I have knwn Peter fr six years.（改为同义句）
I have knwn Peter ________ six years _______.
Ⅳ. 单项选择
1. (2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔) He ________ the city since he graduated (毕业) frm cllege.
A. has left B. leftC. has been away frm
2. (2016 海南) Uncle Liang ________ in Haiku since 1980, s he knws a l t abut the city.
A. is living B. has livedC. lived
3. (2016·江西) The water dark and dirty . It's n lnger safe t drink．
A. became B. has becme
C. will becme D. was becming
4.（2016•上海）This medicine millins f peple's lives since it was put int use.
A. is saving B. will save
C. has saved D. had saved
5.（2016•黔东南州）The bus _________ fr five minutes when Tim arrived at the statin.
A. went B. has left
C. had left D. had been away
6. (2016·北京)It's nice t see yu again. We ______ each ther since 2014.
A. wn't see B. dn't see
C. haven't seen D. didn't see
7. (2015·遂宁)—________ have yu been in Suining?
—I have been in the city fr nine years.
A. Hw lng B. Hw ften C. Hw far
8. (2015·黔西南)Michael ________ his hmetwn fr a lng time. He really misses it!
A. left B. has left
C. was away frm D. has been away frm
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Dgs are very ppular pets all ver the wrld. Sme peple keep dgs because the dgs can help them. Sme dgs can ________ peple’s huse. They can als help a _________ man by leading him t places where he needs t g. Other peple keep dgs as pets __________ they feel lnely smetimes. Almst 33 percent f the families in the USA and England have dgs, and these dgs cme in _______ shapes and sizes.
By all accunts, the largest dg in the wrld is a dg named Zrba. It is a mastiff (獒犬) that lives in Lndn, England. _________ it was seven years ld in 1989, it was 92.5 centimetres tall. In ________ wrds, it was mre than half as tall as an adult man. At its__________, Zrba weighed mre than a heavyweight bxer at 156 kg.
The _________ dg was a Yrkshire terrier frm England. This dg was nly the _____f a matchbx measuring five centimetres tall and eight centimetres frm nse t___________.
1. A. prtect B. manage C. renew D. tuch
2. A. spare B. blind C. tired D. busy
3. A. fr B. s C. because D. as if
4. A. large B. wide C. deep D. different
5. A. If B. Where C. Why D. When
6. A. anther B. ther C. sme D. else
7. A. ugliest B. lneliest C. largest D. tallest[来源:学_科_网]
8. A. yungest B. tiniest C. ldest D. hugest
9. A. height B. weight C. size D. army
10. A. tp B. bttm C. back D. tail
VI. 短文填空
All f us knw that breakfast is very 1 [ 'nesəsərɪ] t us. It is 2 f the mst imprtant meals f the day. T keep 3 (health), everyne shuld have a gd breakfast. 4 (eat)the right fd is gd fr ur health. We can have eggs, bread, milk and ther fd 5 breakfast.
Many students g t schl withut breakfast. 6 [ bɪ'kɒz] they get up late r their parents dn’t ck fr them. It’s 7 fr their health.
Withut breakfast children may nt 8 [grəʊ]fast and may nt study and play very well at schl. They may be easier t get 9 (ill). And when they’re ill, it will 10 (take) them a lng time t recver（恢复）. I think everyne shuld have sme gd eating habits.
Ⅰ. 用fr或since将下列句子改为同义句
1. fr tw hurs2. since his twelfth birthday3. since fur ’clck
4. since he went t5. fr ten years
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. since last winter2. fr half an hur3. fr fifteen years
4. since this5. fr five days
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. Hw lng2. has been pen3. has been away since
4. jined; ag5. has been in fr6. Has; played
7. Hw lng have; stayed8. since; ag
Ⅳ. 单项选择
1. C【解析】根据语境since he graduated frm cllege（ 自从他大学毕业后），可知主句的动作应是过去开始并延续到现在的动作，故主句应为由延续性动词构成的现在完成时态（基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词），left为终止性动词故不能用，故应用短语be away frm表达状态．故答案为C。
2. B【解析】live居住，实义动词；since 1980自从1980年，意为自从1980年以来他就住在海口，表状态的持续，用于现在完成时；故选B。学@科·网
3. B【解析】结合句意是说水不能饮用了，也就是水变脏的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语the water不可数名词，故has，becme 的过去分词becme，故答案是B。
4. C【解析】根据从属连词since可知，需要用现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间点开始到现在的动作，而且这个动作对现在有影响。
6. C【解析】由句中的since 2014可知，本题考查的是现在完成时态的应用，故选C。
7. A【解析】本题用辨析法解题。句意：——你在遂宁呆了多长时间了？——我在这个城市呆了九年了。由答句可知是对一段时间提问，应该用Hw lng，故选A。
8. D【解析】根据后面的fr a lng time可知应该用现在完成时。先排除A、C两项；并且leave是非延续性动词，若跟一段时间连用，应该转换成be away。故选D。
Ⅴ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍人类的好朋友---狗。狗是世界上非常受欢迎的宠物。有些人养狗是因为狗能帮助他们。有些狗可以保护人们的房子。他们也可以帮助盲人带领他到他需要去的地方。有些人养狗是因为它们有时会感到孤独。在美国和英国，几乎有33%的家庭养狗，这些狗的体型和大小不同。众所周知，世界上最大的狗是一只叫佐尔巴的狗。它是一只生活在英国伦敦的獒犬。当在1989年它七岁时，它有92.5厘米高。换句话说，它比成年人的二分之一还高。在最大的时候，佐尔巴的体重超过了156公斤重的拳击手。最小的狗是来自英国的约克郡犬。这只狗只有一盒5厘米的火柴盒的高度，从鼻子到尾巴长8厘米。
1. A句意：有些狗可以保护人们的房子。A. prtect保护；B. manage设法对付，管理，管理；C. renew更新，重新开始，使更新；D. tuch触摸。根据上文Sme peple keep dgs because the dgs can help them.（有些人养狗是因为狗能帮助他们。）结合提示和语境可知狗的作用之一“狗可以看家”，根据选项可知选A。
2. B句意：他们也可以通过带领他到他需要去的地方帮助盲人。A. spare多余的，剩下的，空闲的；B. blind失明的；C. tired疲倦的；D. busy忙碌的。根据by leading him t places where he needs t g（通过把他带到他需要去的地方）结合语境可知“盲人”，填blind；选B。
3. C句意：有些人养狗是因为会感到孤独。A. fr因为，为了，给，对于；B. s因此；C. because因为；D. as if好像，似乎，仿佛。fr是用来表示推断的原因或者对主句进行说明的，一般放在句子的后面，中间一般有逗号隔开，例如，He must be at hme，fr the light in his hme is still burning.（他一定在家，因为家里的灯还亮着。）；because引出直接的原因，表原因可置于句首也可放在句末。例如，He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday because he was ill.（他昨天没有参加会议，因为他病了。）根据语境可知本句“有些人养狗”和“他们有时感到孤独”之间是直接原因，选C。
5. D句意：当1989年它七岁时，它92.5厘米高。A. If如果；B. Where在哪里；C. Why为什么；D. When当……时候。根据两个句子的关系，可知此句是时间状语从句，结合句意和选项可知选D。
6. B句意：换句话说，它比成年人的二分之一还高。A. anther又一个，再一个；B. ther其他的，形容词，后要跟名词；C. sme一些，修饰可数或不可数名词；D. else别的，其他的，一般修饰特殊疑问词和不定代词，且后置。短语in ther wrds ：换句话说，也就是说，换言之。结合句意和语境可知选B。
7. C句意：在它最大的时候，佐尔巴的体重超过了156公斤重的拳击手。A. ugliest最丑的；B. lneliest最寂寞的，最孤独的；C. largest最大的；D. tallest最高的。根据下文“Zrba的体重超过了156公斤重的拳击手。”结合选项可知是“在它最大的时候，”选C。
8. B句意：最小的狗是来自英国的约克郡犬。A. yungest最年轻的；B. tiniest最小的。极小的，微小的；C. ldest最老的；D. hugest最大的。根据下文This dg was nly the _____f a matchbx measuring five centimetres tall and eight centimetres frm nse t__________.（这只狗只有一盒5厘米的火柴盒的高度，从鼻子到尾巴长8厘米。）可知“最小的狗”，选B 。
9. A句意：这只狗只有一盒5厘米的火柴盒的高度，从鼻子到尾巴长8厘米。A. height高度，名词；B. weight重量，名词；C. size尺寸，大小，名词；D. army军队，名词。根据文中measuring five centimetres tall（测量五厘米高）可知是“火柴盒的高度”，选A。
10. D句意：这只狗只有一盒5厘米的火柴盒的高度，从鼻子到尾巴长8厘米。A. tp顶部；B. bttm底部，末端；C. back背部，背面；D. tail尾巴，尾部。根据“这只狗”应是从鼻子到尾巴长8厘米。选D。
Ⅵ. 短文填空
【解析】文章讲述了早饭的重要性。
3. healthy 句意：为了保持健康，每个人都应吃好的早饭。keep+形容词 保持什么状态；故填 healthy
4. Eating句意：吃正确的食物对我们的健康有好处。动词做句子的主语用ding/t d；故填Eating
5. fr句意：早饭我们应该吃鸡蛋，面包，牛奶和其他的食物。have sth fr breakfast/lunch/dinner 早饭/午饭/晚饭吃……；故填fr
6. Because句意：因为他们起床太晚或者是他们的父母没给他们做饭。根据Many students g t schl withut breakfast.和音标故填 Because
7. bad句意：它对他们的健康有害。根据Many students g t schl withut breakfast.可知是有害的；故填 bad 。学·科2网
8. grw句意：不吃早饭的孩子也许长的不快。根据句意和音标故填grw
9. illness句意：他们也许更容易得病。这里需要名词；故填 illness
10. take句意：他们生病了，会花费很长时间来恢复。will 后接动词原形；故填take