2022届山东省临沂市兰山区高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022届山东省临沂市兰山区高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了答题前，考生务必用0，第Ⅱ卷必须用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。

注意事项：
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第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman d next week?
A. Meet a relative. B. Set a wrk schedule. C. Travel with her aunt.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A meeting. B. A dinner party. C. A cffee shp.
3. Where are the speakers nw?
A. On a plane. B. At hme. C. In a car.
4. Wh is the man prbably talking t?
A. A travel agent. B. A stre clerk. C. A gd friend.
5. What kind f bananas des the wman want?
A. The yellw nes. B. The green nes. C. The nes with sme brwn spts.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man d ver summer vacatin?
A. He wrked at a restaurant.
B. He attended sme classes.
C. He traveled arund the wrld.
7. What d the speakers think f David’s stry?
A. The man thinks he is flish.
B. The wman desn’t think well f his idea.
C. They bth admire him a lt.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why might the man feel guilty?
A. He arrived late t a party.
B. He missed the wman’s birthday.
C. He frgt t buy the wman gifts.
9. When will the man pick up the wman?
A. At 5:00 p. m. B. At 6:00 p. m. C. At 7:00 p. m.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man ding?
A. Interviewing smene. B. Visiting a place.
C. Giving a lecture.
11. When was Amasya built accrding t the wman?
A. Arund 1300 years ag.
B. Arund 3000 years ag.
C. Arund 7500 years ag.
12. What des the wman suggest visitrs d in Amasya?
A. Pick the apples. B. View the huses. C. Rw bats n the river.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Hw lng was the man abrad?
A. Tw mnths. B. Fur mnths. C. Six mnths.
14. Hw did the man feel fr the first part f his trip?
A. Excited. B. Upset. C. Relaxed.
15. What language did the family speak at hme?
A. Russian. B. Chinese. C. English.
16. Why des the man want t read Russian bks?
A. T d better in schl.
B. T learn mre abut the culture.
C. T imprve his grammar.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Hw many cuntries will students be able t chse frm?
A. Three. B. Fur. C. Five.
18. What is the purpse f the grup lessns?
A. T help students get n in hst cuntries.
B. T help students select right prgrams.
C. T help students imprve grades.
19. When will the applicatins be due?
A. At the end f January.
B. At the end f June.
C. At the end f Octber.
20. What is necessary fr the applicatin f the prgram?
A. Tw persnal essays.
B. One academic paper.
C. High grades in freign language classes.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The “laugh ut lud” face is fficially the wrld’s mst ppular emji, accrding t researchers frm Adbe (ADBE) wh surveyed 7,000 users acrss the United States, the United Kingdm, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and Suth Krea.
The “thumbs up” emji came in secnd, fllwed by the “red heart” emji. The flirtatius “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emjis respectively runded ut the tp five.
The sftware maker n Thursday released the findings frm its 2021 Glbal Emji Trend Reprt ahead f Wrld Emji Day n Saturday.
Adbe’s latest Emji Trend reprt als examined the three mst misunderstd emjis in the wrld. The “eggplant” symbl edged ut the “peach” and the “clwn” emjis respectively as the mst cnfusing fr users.
The vast majrity f emji users (90%) believe the mdern —day hierglyphs make it easier fr them t express themselves. Eighty — nine percent f respndents said emjis simplify cmmunicating acrss language barriers. And 67% said they think peple wh use emjis are friendlier, funnier and cler than thse wh dn’t. A slight majrity f respndents said they are mre cmfrtable expressing emtins thrugh emjis than talking n the phne r in —persn. Mre than half f glbal emji users (55%) said using emjis in cmmunicatins has psitively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent f thse surveyed said emjis are an imprtant cmmunicatin tl fr creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel mre empathetic tward peple wh use emjis.
1. What are the three mst ppular emjis accrding t the passage?
A. clwn thumbs up laugh ut lud
B. laugh ut lud thumbs up wink and kiss
C. laugh ut lud thumbs up red heart
D. thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear
2. Which emji is the mst cnfusing ne fr users?
A. Peach.B. Eggplant.C. Clwn.D. Wink and kiss.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the attitude f mst peple surveyed t emjis?
A. Favrable.B. Passive.C. Indifferent.D. Dubtful.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了软件制造商Adbe的对于2021表情符号趋势的分析。报告结果显示，“笑”表情符号成为全球最流行的表情符号，“茄子”险胜“桃子”和“小丑”，成为最让网友感到困惑的表情符号，大部分被调查的人赞成表情符号的使用。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The “laugh ut lud” face is fficially the wrld’s mst ppular emji(“笑”表情符号成为全球最流行的表情符号)”和第二段的“The “thumbs up” emji came in secnd, fllwed by the “red heart” emji.( “点赞”表情位列第二，其次是“红色爱心”表情。)”可知，三个最受欢迎的表情符号是“笑”，“点赞”“红色爱心”。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Adbe’s latest Emji Trend reprt als examined the three mst misunderstd emjis in the wrld. The “eggplant” symbl edged ut the “peach” and the “clwn” emjis respectively as the mst cnfusing fr users.(这份最新的报告分析了全球最让人迷惑的三种表情符号：“茄子”险胜“桃子”和“小丑”，成为最让网友感到困惑的表情符号。)”可知，“茄子”是最让用户迷惑的表情符号。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The vast majrity f emji users (90%) believe the mdern —day hierglyphs make it easier fr them t express themselves. Eighty — nine percent f respndents said emjis simplify cmmunicating acrss language barriers.(绝大多数表情符号用户（90%）认为这种现代图像符号让他们更容易表达自己。89%的受访者表示，表情符号简化了跨语言障碍的交流。)”可推断，大多数被调查者对表情符号的态度是赞成的。故选A。
B
Getting drunk n ice cream used t be the stuff f dreams, but thanks t Will Rgers, inventr and wner f WDS Dessert Statins in Hinkley, Illinis, it has becme a delicius reality. The Belw Zer ice cream machine uses a unique technique t freeze alchl, which allws yu t turn beers, ccktails and even spirits (烈酒) int delicius sft —serve ice cream.
Rgers was trying t create a highly — caffeinated espress ice cream flavr when he realized he culd use the same technique with alchlic beverages. He started experimenting with varius gums and stabilizers cmmnly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented smething called the NEA gel. It’s this magical cncctin (调制品) that allws the alchl t freeze t a near slid inside the Belw Zer ice cream machine.
Even thugh Belw Zer changes the texture (质地) f beer, ccktails and even spirits, essentially turning them int sft —serve ice cream, it des nt affect the alchl cntent at all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means yu can get drunk n ice — cream just as yu wuld n the same cncctins in liquid frm.
Will Rgers claims that it takes arund 30 minutes fr beer t g frm liquid t ice cream frm, but higher alchl cntent drinks take lnger. Essentially, the higher the alchl level, the lnger the wait.
The American inventr plans t sell Belw Zer ice cream machines t bars and breweries wanting t surprise their patrns. Metr reprts that machines will sell fr abut 6,000.
4. What’s the name f the machine which can change beer and spirits int ice cream?
A. Will RgersB. WDS Dessert Statins
C. HinkleyD. Belw Zer
5. What makes alchl t freeze t a near slid inside the machine?
A. gums.B. stabilizers.C. NEA gel.D. ABV.
6. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. The machine can change all liquids int ice cream.
B. It takes 20 minutes fr beer t change int ice cream.
C. The higher the alchl level, the shrter the wait will be.
D. The machine changes the texture f beer, ccktails and even spirits.
7. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. The machine affects the alchl cntent.
B. Yu can get drunk if yu have ice—creams made frm spirits.
C. The American inventr desn’t want t sell the magical machine.
D. Bars and breweries will nt becme ptential buyers f the machine.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一台能把啤酒变成冰淇淋的神奇机器。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Belw Zer ice cream machine uses a unique technique t freeze alchl, which allws yu t turn beers, ccktails and even spirits (烈酒) int delicius sft —serve ice cream.( “零度之下”冰淇淋机采用独特的技术来冷冻酒精饮料，让你可以将啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒变成口感柔软的冰淇淋。)”可知，这个可以把啤酒和烈酒变成冰淇淋的机器叫“零度之下”,故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“He started experimenting with varius gums and stabilizers cmmnly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented smething called the NEA gel. It’s this magical cncctin (调制品) that allws the alchl t freeze t a near slid inside the Belw Zer ice cream machine.( 他开始拿冰淇淋产业常用的各种食品胶和稳定剂来做试验，最终研制出了一种名为NEA gel的食品胶并取得了专利。正是这种神奇的调制品让酒精饮料在“零度之下”冰淇淋机里冻成了半固态。)”可知，NEA gel使酒精在机器内部冻结到接近固体。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Even thugh Belw Zer changes the texture (质地) f beer, ccktails and even spirits, essentially turning them int sft —serve ice cream, it des nt affect the alchl cntent at all.( 尽管“零度之下”冰淇淋机改变了啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒的质地，将它们变成了口感柔软的冰淇淋，但是并没有改变其酒精含量。)”可知，这台机器改变了啤酒、鸡尾酒甚至烈酒的质地。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“it des nt affect the alchl cntent at all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means yu can get drunk n ice — cream just as yu wuld n the same cncctins in liquid frm.( 它并没有改变其酒精含量。酒精含量保持不变，意味着你可以吃冰淇淋吃到醉，就和喝醉酒一样。)”可推断，如果你吃烈酒做的冰淇淋，你会醉。故选B。
C
Jeff Bezs, Eln Musk and Richard Bransn have a cmbined net wrth f 400 billin, rughly the size f the GDP f the entire natin f Ireland. And all three men have decided t put vast sums f their wealth int chasing their space travel dreams, creating a mdern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than cuntries — sht fr the stars.
But why the three billinaires chse the crazy plan? Just fr the travel dreams? It’s nt that simple.
As we all knw, the space travel is a mirrr f cmprehensive natinal strength, whether it’s the cld war r the present. The first space race spanned multiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixn. It made heres f astrnauts and csmnauts, and it fcused natinal prides. But bviusly, this year’s race between the billinaires features nne f that natinal pride r ppsing ideas. It’s tax — averse tycns (大亨) wh want t sell high — priced tickets t rich peple interested in experiencing weightlessness. Amazn’s Bezs has said he is funding his prtin by selling ff large chunks f his Amazn stck (股票) — 1 billin r mre a year.
What are the dds? If anyne is taking bets n hw this will end, and wh will have the mre prfitable space turism business, cnsider Amazn’s methd f making very little prfit in rder t eat up cmpetitin. S, frm this pint f view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. As a methd f expand influence, it is nt a bad idea.
Richard Bransn has carried ut his plan n July 12, and Jeff Bezs annunced that he will start his space travel n July 20. Bezs is getting sme gd press because he’s taking Wally Funk alng fr the ride. She’s the pilt nw in her 80s wh was kept ut f space in the 1960s because she’s a wman. This may be a bnus fr him. As fr Musk, he thinks these tw abve are nt real space trips, he wants a larger mve.
Wh will win the race in the end? Let’s wait and see.
8. Which f the fllwing peple might be the ptential client f the space travel?
A. Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.
B. Clarksn wh desn’t enjy taking risks.
C. Billy aged 60 with an ample retirement pensin.
D. Alexander wh knws nthing abut space travel.
9. What stpped Wally Funk flying t space in the 1960s?
A. Age.B. Gender.C. Height.D. Dispsitin.
10. What des the authr think f the billinaires race?
A. Prfit — driven.B. Meaningless.C. Flish.D. Generus.
11. What des the underlined wrd “spanned” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Revlved.B. Turned dwn.C. Entered.D. Leapt thrugh.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三位亿万富翁创造的一场现代太空竞赛以及竞赛背后隐藏的深层含义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And all three men have decided t put vast sums f their wealth int chasing their space travel dreams, creating a mdern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than cuntries — sht fr the stars. (这三个人都决定将自己的巨额财富投入到追求太空旅行梦想中，创造了一场现代太空竞赛，在这场竞赛中，超级富豪们——而不是国家——都在向着更高的目标进发)”可推知，参加太空旅行需要财力雄厚，结合选项，年龄60岁，有丰裕的退休金的Billy可能是太空旅行的潜在客户。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段“She’s the pilt nw in her 80s wh was kept ut f space in the 1960s because she’s a wman. (她现在已经80多岁了，是一名飞行员，因为她是一名女性，所以在20世纪60年代被拒在太空之外)”可知，是性别阻止了Wally Funk在20世纪60年代飞往太空。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第三段“S, frm this pint f view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. (因此，从这个角度来看，在这场疯狂的比赛背后隐藏的是商业)”可推知，作者认为这场亿万富翁竞赛是利益驱动导致的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。通过划线词上文“the space travel is a mirrr f cmprehensive natinal strength (太空旅行是综合国力的一面镜子)”以及下文“multiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixn (多位总统和总理——肯尼迪、赫鲁晓夫、勃列日涅夫、尼克松)”可知，太空旅行在当时展现了各国的综合国力，有多个国家的总统和总理参加。从而推知，此处指第一次太空竞赛跨越多国，涉及多位总统和总理。画线词“spanned”意为“跨越、涉及”。故选D项。
D
We live in the age f the algrithm (算法). Increasingly, the decisins that affect ur lives— where we g t schl, whether we get a car lan, hw much we pay fr health insurance— are being made nt by humans, but by mathematical mdels.
One applicatin that has becme particularly cmmn is the use f algrithms t evaluate jb perfrmance. Sarah, a teacher wh, despite being widely respected by her students, their parents and her clleagues, was fired because she perfrmed prly accrding t an algrithm. When an algrithm rates yu prly, yu are immediately branded as an underperfrmer and there is rarely an pprtunity t appeal against thse judgments. In many cases, methds are cnsidered secrets and n details are shared. And data ften seems cnvincing.
As a matter f fact, the belief that schl perfrmance in America is declining is based n a data mistake. A Natin at Risk is the reprt that rang the initial alarm bells abut declining SAT (Schlastic Assessment Test) scres. Yet if they had taken a clser lk, they wuld have nticed that the scres in each smaller grup were increasing. The reasn fr the decline in the average scre was that mre disadvantaged kids were taking the test. Hwever, due t the data mistake, teachers as a whle were judged t be failing.
Wall Street is famus fr its mathematicians wh build cmplex mdels t predict market mvements and develp business plans. These are really smart peple. Even s, it is nt at all uncmmn fr their mdels t fail. The key difference between thse mdels and many f the nes being used these days is that Wall Street traders lse mney when their data mdels g wrng. Hwever, as CV Neil pints ut in her bk, the effects f widely —used machine — driven judgments are ften nt brne by thse wh design the algrithms, but by everyne else.
As we increasingly rely n machines t make decisins, we need t ask these questins: What assumptins are there in yur mdel? What hasn’t been taken int accunt? Hw are we ging t test the effectiveness f the cnclusins? Clearly, smething has gne terribly wrng. When machines replace humans t make a judgment, we shuld hld them t a high standard. We shuld knw hw the data was cllected. And when numbers lie, we shuld stp listening t them.
12. Why schl perfrmance in America is believed t be declining?
A. Teachers perfrm prly.
B. Big data is ppular.
C. The data is wrng.
D. There is misunderstanding abut algrithms.
13. What shuld we d when making decisins by machines?
A. Fllw the machines.B. Make a judgment by tests.
C. Stp listening t machines.D. Make the data cnvincing.
14. What is the structure f the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
15. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The drawbacks f algrithm.
B. The applicatin f algrithm in business.
C. The ppularity f algrithm t emplyers.
D. The advantages and disadvantages f algrithm.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大数据虽然广泛应用于人们生活的方方面面，但它也存在一定的弊端，我们在使用大数据时一定要确保数据的可靠性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“As a matter f fact, the belief that schl perfrmance in America is declining is based n a data mistake.( 事实上，美国学校表现下降的说法，是基于一个数据错误)可知，错误的看法是由于数据错误。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When machines replace humans t make a judgment, we shuld hld them t a high standard. We shuld knw hw the data was cllected. And when numbers lie, we shuld stp listening t them. (当机器代替人做判断时，我们需要对机器定一个高标准，我们应该知道数据是如何收集的，当数字撒谎时，我们应该停止倾听)”可知，我们要确保数据的可靠性。故选D。
14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“are being made nt by humans, but by mathematical mdels.”可知，我们的许多决定不是通过人，而是通过计算机器。第二段、第三段、第四段都在举例说明机器得来的数据不一定可信。最后一段提出如何确保数据的可靠性。因此文章结构是总-分-总。第二段、第三段、第四段是并列的。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sarah, a teacher wh, despite being widely respected by her students, their parents and her clleagues, was fired because she perfrmed prly accrding t an algrithm.”（萨拉是一名老师，尽管她受到了学生、家长和同事的广泛尊重，但她被解雇了，因为根据一种算法，她的表现很差。）、第三段“Hwever, due t the data mistake, teachers as a whle were judged t be failing.”（然而，由于数据错误，教师作为一个整体被判定为不及格）、第四段“The key difference between thse mdels and many f the nes being used these days is that Wall Street traders lse mney when their data mdels g wrng.”（这些模式与目前使用的许多模式的关键区别在于，当数据模型出错时，华尔街交易员会蒙受损失。）都在举例说明机器得来的数据不一定可信。因此文章主要在讲大数据存在一定的弊端。故选A。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fr centuries, generatins f clthing designers and garment makers in China have been devted t building the “Garment Kingdm”, making the garments an imprtant cmpnent f Chinese culture.
♦Origin f Chinese clthing
In primitive sciety, the Chinese lived in caves. T keep warm, they cvered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs.
Abut 18,000 years ag, the Chinese invented sewing. Animal skins were cut t fit the human bdy using sharpened stne and bne tls and then sewn tgether using bne needles. ____16____.
♦ ____17____
Chinese rules f etiquette regarding garments and rnaments started taking shape in the Zhu Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Perid, the idea f fashin reached new heights. Qin Shihuang established many scial systems, including that f unifrms t distinguish peple’s ranks and scial psitins. In the Tang dynasty, clthing was mre varied than befre because the state was mre pen t the utside wrld. ____18____ They were allwed t expse their arms and back and wear dresses that absrbed elements frm ther cultures. They culd wear men’s riding garments if they liked. Casual wear appeared during the Sng Dynasty and during the Yuan Dynasty, the simple and unadrned style f clthing was mainly a cmbinatin f Mnglian and Han influences. Dramatic changes tk place during the Ming Dynasty. There was n limitatin t ne style and natural beauty was advcated, ____19____. Hwever, during the Qing Dynasty, clthes became elegant and pised (威严的).
____20____. There appeared the qipa, Chinese tunic suit, student unifrm, Lenin — style suit, Russian dress, miniskirt, punk (怪异服装) and T-shirt.
Tday, sme peple in China fllw wrld fashin, but individuality has becme the main trend. Mre and mre peple can enjy beautiful fashins with traditinal features and the mdern chic.
A. it influenced peple’s lives.
B. Develpment f clthing.
C Chinese garments f the 20th century ranged greatly in style.
D. thus bringing vigr (活力) and life frce t clthing culture.
E. The inventin f sewing allwed the early Chinese t make better fitting clthes t prtect them frm harsh cnditins.
F. What is wrth special mentin is that wmen f the Tang dynasty did nt have t abide by the traditinal dress cde.
G. Fashin designers tday are finding new ways t cmbine mdern fashin trends with traditinal Chinese symbls f gd frtune.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. F 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国服装的起源与发展。
【16题详解】
上文“Abut 18,000 years ag, the Chinese invented sewing. Animal skins were cut t fit the human bdy using sharpened stne and bne tls and then sewn tgether using bne needles. (大约18000年前，中国人发明了缝纫术。用磨得锋利的石头和骨制工具将动物皮切割成适合人体的形状，然后用骨针缝合在一起)”指出，在原始社会人们如何缝制衣服。E项“缝纫的发明使早期的中国人能够制作出更合身的衣服，以保护他们免受恶劣条件的伤害。”指出了发明缝纫术的重要性，承接上文，且E项中的“sewing”与上文一致。故选E项。
【17题详解】
通过下文“Chinese rules f etiquette regarding garments and rnaments started taking shape in the Zhu Dynasty. (中国关于服饰的礼节从周朝开始形成)”和“During the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Perid (春秋战国时期)”和“Qin Shihuang (秦始皇)”以及“In the Tang dynasty(在唐代)”可推知，本段主要列举了服饰在不同朝代的发展。B项“服装的发展。”符合文意，概括全段。故选B项。
【18题详解】
上文“In the Tang dynasty, clthing was mre varied than befre because the state was mre pen t the utside wrld. (在唐朝，由于国家对外开放程度的提高，服装比以前更加多样化)”说明，唐朝的服装比以前更加多样化，设空处承上启下，下文“They were allwed t expse their arms and back and wear dresses that absrbed elements frm ther cultures. They culd wear men’s riding garments if they liked. (她们被允许暴露手臂和背部，穿着吸收其他文化元素的衣服。如果他们愿意，她们可以穿男式骑马服)”说明，唐代对于女子的穿着并没有做严格要求。F项“特别值得一提的是，唐代妇女不必遵守传统的着装规范。”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
上文“There was n limitatin t ne style and natural beauty was advcated (不局限于一种风格，提倡自然美)”指出，明朝的服饰风格十分自由，没有限制。D项“从而给服装文化带来活力和生命力。”承接上文，表现出了明朝服饰风格的优点，符合文意。故选D项。
【20题详解】
本文是按时间顺序介绍服装的发展，下文“There appeared the qipa, Chinese tunic suit, student unifrm, Lenin — style suit, Russian dress, miniskirt, punk and T-shirt. (出现了旗袍，中山装，学生制服，列宁装，俄罗斯连衣裙，迷你裙，怪异服装和T恤)”指出，服饰文化发展到了一个有多种多样服装风格的阶段。C项“20世纪的中国服装风格各异。”符合文意，引出下文。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Neighbrliness is part f Chinese culture. Peple wh ____21____ in the same residential cmpund became gd friends. My friend La Ma is ne f these ld friends and neighbrs.
La Ma is a traditinal Chinese guy wh puts friendship and lyalty abve his wn ____22____. He has helped almst everyne in ur grup but has never ____23____ us fr help. When he first started wrking, La Ma ____24____ abut 1000 Yuan per mnth. But when he heard a friend f his ____25____ needed mney, withut ____26____ he brrwed here there and ffered his friend 5000 Yuan.
La Ma gt ____27____ n June 19 this year. Chinese peple generally like t invite all their friends and relatives t a feast n the ccasin. La Ma ____28____ chse t hld a ____29____ auctin (拍卖) where he put presents frm friends up fr bid. When La Ma annunced his intentins fr the wedding, we were _____30_____ astnished, but later _____31_____ the idea. After all, it just underscres (强调) his penchant (嗜好；倾向) fr putting thers _____32_____ himself.
Mre than 200 peple were _____33_____ at La Ma’s wedding. Perhaps because f the auctin, many mre peple than _____34_____ arrived t celebrate and bid. Ma and his wife gave the prfits frm the auctin t a charity t help thse in need.
La Ma is a mdel neighbr and many thers have been _____35_____ by his friendship and genersity. La Ma likes t say “Lve me, lve my neighbr.”
21. A. wrkB. liveC. ariseD. cperate
22. A. interestsB. habitsC. principlesD. activities
23. A. turned upB. turned dwnC. turned tD. turned arund
24. A. chargedB. cstC. spentD. earned
25. A. generallyB. hpefullyC. desperatelyD. verally
26. A. participatingB. defendingC. transfrmingD. hesitating
27. A. marriedB. intrducedC. engagedD. visited
28. A. hweverB. therefreC. insteadD. thus
29. A. hnrB. charityC. reputatinD. vlunteer
30. A. vitallyB. initiallyC. actuallyD. bviusly
31. A. appreciatedB. appliedC. challengedD. demanded
32. A. thanks tB. regardless fC. ut fD. ahead f
33. A. presentB. absentC. amazingD. effective
34. A. admiredB. explredC. expectedD. registered
35. A. requestedB. discuragedC. recgnisedD. inspired
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的朋友邻居老马把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上，总是助人为乐，急人所难，并把婚礼举办成一场慈善拍卖会的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：住在同一个小区的人成了好朋友。A. wrk工作；B. live生活；C. arise产生，出现；D. cperate合作。根据前文“Neighbrliness”和后文“neighbrs”以及句中“in the same residential cmpund”可知，此处指同住一个小区。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老马是一个传统的中国人，他把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上。A. interests兴趣，利益；B. habits习惯；C. principles原则；D. activities活动。根据后文“He has helped almst everyne in ur grup but has never ____3____ us fr help.”可知，老马是个助人为乐的人，他会把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他几乎帮助过我们群体中的每一个人，但从来没有向我们求助过。A. turned up出现，开大；B. turned dwn拒绝，关小；C. turned t转向，求助于；D. turned arund转身。根据前文“He has helped almst everyne in ur grup”以及连词“but”的转折，可知，他帮助别人不求回报，故此处指不求助于别人。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马刚开始工作时，每个月大约挣1000元。A. charged收费；B. cst（使）花费；C. spent花（钱或时间）；D. earned挣得。根据前文“When he first started wrking”以及后文“1000 Yuan per mnth”可知，他刚参加工作时每月挣1000元。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当他听说一个朋友急需用钱时，他毫不犹豫地到处借钱，给了朋友5000元。A. generally通常地；B. hpefully有希望地；C. desperately绝望地，极度地；D. verally总体上。基于前文分析以及后文“he brrwed here there and ffered his friend 5000 Yuan”可知，当他得知一个朋友极度需要钱的时候，他会为朋友到处借钱以解朋友之困。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当他听说一个朋友急需用钱时，他毫不犹豫地到处借钱，给了朋友5000元。A. participating参与；B. defending防守；C. transfrming转变；D. hesitating犹豫。基于前文“La Ma is a traditinal Chinese guy wh puts friendship and lyalty abve his wn ____2____. He has helped almst everyne in ur grup but has never ____3____ us fr help.”的分析可知，老马是个助人为乐，急人所难的人，所以他毫不犹豫为朋友到处借钱。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马于今年6月19日结婚。A. married结婚；B. intrduced介绍；C. engaged订婚；D. visited参观。根据后文“Chinese peple generally like t invite all their friends and relatives t a feast n the ccasin.”以及“When La Ma annunced his intentins fr the wedding”可知，老马此时结婚。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：老马反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，把朋友送的礼物拍卖。A. hwever然而；B. therefre因此；C. instead代替，反而；D. thus因而，从而。根据前文“Chinese peple generally like t invite all their friends and relatives t a feast n the ccasin.”以及后文“chse t hld a ____9____ auctin (拍卖) where he put presents frm friends up fr bid.”可知，老马没有像中国人通常所做的那样做，反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老马反而选择举办一场慈善拍卖会，把朋友送的礼物拍卖。A. hnr荣誉；B. charity慈善；C. reputatin声誉；D. vlunteer志愿者。根据后文“Ma and his wife gave the prfits frm the auctin t a charity t help thse in need.”可知，他举办的是慈善拍卖会。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当老马宣布他的婚礼意向时，我们最初感到惊讶，但后来对这个想法表示赞赏。A. vitally至关重要地；B. initially最初；C. actually实际上；D. bviusly明显地。根据后文“but later ____11____ the idea”可知，此处对应later，指最初。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当老马宣布他的婚礼意向时，我们起初感到惊讶，但后来对这个想法表示赞赏。A. appreciated欣赏，赞赏；B. applied申请；C. challenged挑战；D. demanded要求。根据前文“astnished”以及后文“After all, it just underscres (强调) his penchant (嗜好；倾向) fr putting thers ____12____ himself”可知，老马的想法由别人的惊讶到后来得到了赞赏。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这正是强调了他把别人放在自己前面的品质。A. thanks t幸亏；B. regardless f不管；C. ut f在……之外；D. ahead f在……前面。基于前文“La Ma is a traditinal Chinese guy wh puts friendship and lyalty abve his wn ____2____.”的分析可知，老马是个把友谊和忠诚放在自己的利益之上的人，婚礼上这样做强调了他后天下之乐而乐的品质，总是把别人的利益放在自己的利益前面。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：200多人出席了老马的婚礼。A. present出席的；B. absent缺席的；C. amazing惊人的；D. effective有效的。根据常识以及后文“many mre peple than ____14____ arrived t celebrate and bid”可知，200多人出席了老马的婚礼。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是因为这次拍卖，比预期更多的人前来庆祝和竞拍。A. admired钦佩；B. explred探索；C. expected预料，期望；D. registered注册。根据语境和前文“Perhaps because f the auctin”可知，因为这次不同的婚礼仪式，所以前来庆祝和竞拍的人比预料更多。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老马是一个模范邻居，许多人都受到他的友谊和慷慨的鼓舞。A. requested请求；B. discuraged劝阻，使泄气；C. recgnised辨认出；D. inspired激励。根据前文“La Ma is a mdel neighbr”可知，老马的模范行为鼓舞了许多人。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henan Prvince ____36____ (strike) by terrible rainstrms in July, 2021. Heavy rainfall raised the emergency ____37____ (respnd) fr meterlgical disasters t level I, ____38____ (high) level in a fur —tier system, in Zhengzhu. The Natinal Meterlgical Center said hurly precipitatin (降水量) in Zhengzhu reached 201.9 millimeters nce in an hur.
Nearly 11.45 millin residents in 139 cunties acrss the prvince were affected due ____39____ the recrd —breaking heavy rainfall ____40____ started n July 16 said Li Changxun, deputy head f the prvince’s Department f Emergency Management n 26th, July. Hundreds f thusands f huses cllapsed, and mre than 1.31 millin residents were relcated t safe places.____41____ ttal f 63 peple had been killed with five peple ____42____ (miss), reprted by 26th, July, Li said, ____43____(add) that repair crews were hurrying t fix bridges, electrical substatins and gas pipelines t help return peple’s lives t nrmal.
Thugh flding during the summer mnths is an annual ccurrence in parts f China, recent rains have alarmed scientists and fficials, raising questins as t whether we shuld be prepared ____44____ (deal) with mre extreme and unpredictable weather ____45____ (cause) by climate change.
【答案】36. was stricken## was struck
37. respnse
38. the highest
39. t 40. that##which
41. A 42. missing
43. adding 44. t deal
45. caused
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：2021年7月，河南省遭遇暴雨袭击。河南和袭击是被动关系，表示2021年7月份用一般过去时,主语和谓语为被动关系。strike过去分词有两个stricken和 struck。故填was stricken/ was struck。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：暴雨将郑州的气象灾害应急响应提升至四级系统中的最高一级。raise后接名词， emergency respnse表示应急响应。故填respnse。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：暴雨将郑州的气象灾害应急响应提升至四级系统中的最高一级。一级是最高级别，用最高级，故填the highest。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：7月26日，该省应急管理厅副厅长李长勋表示，由于7月16日开始的创纪录强降雨，影响了全省139个县的近1145万居民。due t 是固定短语表示由于，因为，故填t 。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：7月26日，该省应急管理厅副厅长李长勋表示，由于7月16日开始的创纪录强降雨，影响了全省139个县的近1145万居民。 rainfall是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，指代物用that 或which。故填that/which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。a ttal f表示总计 。置于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。with+宾语+宾补，人们和失踪是主动关系，用现在分词。故填missing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，截至7月26日，共有63人死亡，5人失踪，李补充说，维修人员正在加紧修复桥梁、变电站和天然气管道，以帮助人们恢复正常生活。said是谓语动词，补充是非谓语动词，李和补充说是主动关系，用现在分词。故填adding。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国部分地区每年夏季都会发生洪水，但最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。be prepared t d sth“准备做某事”。故填t deal。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国部分地区每年夏季都会发生洪水，但最近的降雨给科学家和官员敲响了警钟，引发了我们是否应该准备好应对气候变化导致的更加极端和不可预测的天气的问题。with+宾语+宾补结构，极端天气和导致是被动关系，用过去分词做宾补。故填caused。
【点睛】
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你正在一所寄宿制高中就读，你校英文报正在征稿，希望高三的学长为高一新生提供生活和学习方面的建议，内容包括：
1.生活方面：适应新环境、与人和谐相处
2.学习方面：方法、习惯
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin
In the cming three years, yur life can be challenging. Yu shuld adapt t the new envirnment as sn as pssible. Yu’d better learn hw t get alng well with thers— respecting teachers and classmates is necessary.
Besides, t achieve satisfying academic gals, yu’re suppsed t knw hw t learn efficiently. It’s f vital imprtance t develp gd habits, such as previewing lessns, getting actively invlved in class and reviewing in time, which will benefit yu a lt. Hpefully with yur great effrts, yu will enjy a fruitful life here.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生作为高三的学长为高一新生提供生活和学习方面的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
适应：adjust/accmmdate→adapt t
尽快： as quickly as pssible→as sn as pssible
相处的好：fit in→get alng well with
实现： acquire/ btain /gain→achieve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yu’d better learn hw t get alng well with thers
拓展句：It is vital that yu shuld learn hw t get alng well with thers
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, t achieve satisfying academic gals, yu’re suppsed t knw hw t learn efficiently. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] It’s f vital imprtance t develp gd habits, such as previewing lessns, getting actively invlved in class and reviewing in time, which will benefit yu a lt. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Yu wuld think that after hearing Mm and Dad talking abut The Trip fr a year, I wuld be eager t g. But I didn’t even want t think abut it. “Aren’t yu excited?” asked Dad, lking up frm his laptp. “This is the trip f a lifetime. I’ll bet nne f yur friends will be driving acrss the United States this summer.”
Exactly, I thught. Nbdy I knew was ging t pile int an ld van, and drive frm Califrnia t New Yrk and back in 58 days. Fifty — eight days! That was practically my whle summer! But I knew it was useless t prtest.
When Dad was ffered a summer ff fr the first time in his career, he said that he wuld always dreamed f driving acrss the cuntry. S we were ging. That was Dad’s chance.
I picked up my cat, Max, and buried my face in his fur. He pawed at my ears playfully. Gdbye, summer vacatin. Gdbye, diving at the lake. Gdbye t hanging ut and ding abslutely nthing. Gd bye, Max. I was ging t miss this ball f fur. I put him dwn and laughed as he batted a buttn acrss the flr like a sccer player. He was interested in all small bjects.
The clser the trip gt, the harder it was ging t ignre. Thick envelpes arrived frm places like Indiana, Tennessee and Arkansas. Night after night, Mm and Dad huddled arund the cmputer, pltting every inch f ur 8,000-mile jurney.
Three days after schl gt ut, The Trip finally came. Everything was packed and ready t g. Mm said that we are suppsed t leave at 9 a. m. But when Dad nticed a wet spt under the van, I realized we wuldn’t be ging anywhere fr a while. Dad crawled under the van. Car parts sprang up arund the van like mushrms.
Minutes turned int hurs. By the time Dad gave Mm the news, it was late afternn. “I fixed the leak.” said Dad, “But nw I culdn’t find ne f the fan blts (螺栓).” Mm rganized a search, but in vain.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dad called the stres but nne carried the blt that fitted this ld van.
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Then it hit me. “Max!” I shuted, “Find Max!”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin
Dad called the stres but nne carried the blt that fitted this ld van. I sighed. Maybe we were nt ging n The Trip after all. My sul silently rejiced (深感欣喜)— I culd have a regular summer vacatin as usual! But then I saw Dad. He was leaning ver the engine, his hands black with il. His dream— The Trip f a lifetime — was vanishing befre his eyes. I culdn’t bear t see Dad s disappinted. I stared at the lifeless van, wndering where that blt culd be.
Then it hit me. “Max!” I shuted, “Find Max!” With nt knwing why, everyne hurried t lk fr the cat. I fund him in a crner. He was batting smething arund — the blt! I grabbed it and waved it like a flag. Dad’s face lit up. An hur later, I was in the van with my family. “Thanks!” Dad said. I smiled. As ur van drve dwn the freeway, I thught this trip might nt be s bad after all. Gdbye, ld summer vacatin. Hell… trip f a lifetime.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了作者的父母计划夏天开车穿越美国的旅行，作者有些不情愿，也舍不得离开自己的小猫Max。要出发的时候，他们的车发生了故障，爸爸要修车，到最后却发现螺栓找不到了，作者以为旅行会取消，但是看到爸爸失望的表情，作者又想帮忙找到螺栓。终于在小猫Max那里找到了螺栓，修好了车，顺利地去旅行的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸打电话给商店，但没有一家有适合这辆旧货车的螺栓。”可知，第一段可描写由于螺栓找不到了，作者以为旅游会取消。但是看到爸爸失望的表情，作者想要帮忙完成爸爸的旅行梦想。
②由第二段首句内容“然后我突然想到。“Max!”我喊道：“找到Max!”)”可知，第二段可描写作者在小猫那里找到丢失的螺栓，车修好了，同时描述爸爸对作者的感谢，作者对于这次旅行开始有所期待。
2.续写线索：以为旅游取消——爸爸失望——不忍心于爸爸的失望——想到找小猫——找到螺栓——出发旅行——期待
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.消失: vanish/disappear
②.靠着：lean ver/lean against
③.寻找：lk fr/search fr/in search f
情绪类
①.失望的：disappinted/ despndent
②.感谢：thanks/be grateful
③.露出喜色/高兴：light up/smile
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I stared at the lifeless van, wndering where that blt culd be.（现在分词作状语和where引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. As ur van drve dwn the freeway, I thught this trip might nt be s bad after all.(运用了as引导时间状语从句，省略了that的宾语从句)