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湘少版六年级下册英语期末总复习
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这是一份湘少版六年级下册英语期末总复习,共4页。
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , yu 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用have. I , yu 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. sme, any 的选择:肯定句用sme, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) wh (谁) where (哪里) whse (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么
时候)which(哪一个)hw ld (多大) hw many (多少)hw much(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级详解
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I’m taller and heavier than yu. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strng - strnger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,ht – htter
☆注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误:My hair is lnger than yu.(我的头发比你更长。)
比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为:My hair is lnger than yurs. 或My hair is lnger than yur hair.
比较级专项练习:
1、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall lng big
(1) Hw is the Yellw River?
(2) Hw is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) Hw are yur feet? I wear size 18.
(4)Hw is the fish? It’s 2kg.
2、根据句意写出所缺的单词
(1) I’m 12 years ld. Yu’re 14. I’m than yu.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a mnkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a ftball.
3、根据中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brther.
(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that ne.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. Yu are than he.
(4) 谁比你重? than yu?
4、根据答句写出问句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years ld.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm lng.
三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 wrked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried wrry – wrried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stpped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , d – did , g – went , take – tk , buy – bught , get – gt , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – tld , draw – drew , cme – came , lse – lst , find – fund , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如ding , ging , wrking , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人称和数
六:句型专项归类
肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
I’m a student. She is a dctr. He wrks in a hspital.
There are fur fans in ur classrm. He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m nt a student.
She is nt (isn’t) a dctr.
He des nt (desn’t) wrk in a hspital. There are nt (aren’t) fur fans in ur classrm.
He will nt (wn’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did nt (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “nt”。有动词be的句子则“nt”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am nt 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(d,des,did),然后在它后面加上“nt”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dn’t , desn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“des”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。
3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“n”来回答。
如:Are yu a student? Yes, I am / N, I’m nt.
Is she a dctr? Yes, she is. / N, she isn’t.
Des he wrk in a hspital? Yes, he des. / N, he desn’t.
Are there fur fans in ur classrm? Yes, there are. / N, there aren’t.
Are yu ging t buy a cmic bk tnight? Yes, I am. / N, I am nt. (Yes, we are. / N, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / N, I will nt(wn’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / N, they aren’t.
Did yu watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / N, I didn’t.
☆注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(d,des,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“des”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , wh , which , when , whse , why , hw等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、n”来回答。如:
What is this? It’s a cmputer.
What des he d? He’s a dctr.
Where are yu ging? I’m ging t Beijing.
Wh played ftball with yu yesterday afternn? Mike.
Which seasn d yu like best? Summer.
When d yu usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whse skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why d yu like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
Hw are yu? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
Hw did yu g t Xinjiang? I went t Xinjiang by train.
☆其中hw又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: hw many(多少(数量)),
hw much(多少(钱)), hw tall(多高), hw lng(多长), hw big(多大), hw heavy(多重)
例句:Hw many pencils d yu have? I have three pencils.
Hw many girls can yu see? I can see fur girls.
Hw many desks are there in yur classrm? There are 51.
☆小结:hw many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
Hw many + 名词复数 + d yu have? 你有多少……?
Hw many + 名词复数 + can yu see? 你能看见多少……?
Hw many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?
七:完全、缩略形式: I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are yu’re=yu are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can nt dn’t=d nt desn’t=des nt isn’t=is nt aren’t=are nt let’s=let us wn’t=will nt I’ll=I will wasn’t=was nt
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let’s=let us), 're即are ,n't即nt (但can’t=can nt)
人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
第一
人称
单数
I(我)
me
my(我的)
复数
we(我们)
us
ur(我们的)
第二
人称
单数
yu(你)
yu
yur(你的)
复数
yu(你们)
yu
yur(你们的)
第三
人称
单数
he(他)
him
his(他的)
she(她)
her
her(她的)
it(它)
it
its(它的)
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , yu 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用have. I , yu 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. sme, any 的选择:肯定句用sme, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) wh (谁) where (哪里) whse (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么
时候)which(哪一个)hw ld (多大) hw many (多少)hw much(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级详解
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I’m taller and heavier than yu. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strng - strnger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,ht – htter
☆注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误:My hair is lnger than yu.(我的头发比你更长。)
比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为:My hair is lnger than yurs. 或My hair is lnger than yur hair.
比较级专项练习:
1、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall lng big
(1) Hw is the Yellw River?
(2) Hw is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) Hw are yur feet? I wear size 18.
(4)Hw is the fish? It’s 2kg.
2、根据句意写出所缺的单词
(1) I’m 12 years ld. Yu’re 14. I’m than yu.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a mnkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a ftball.
3、根据中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brther.
(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that ne.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. Yu are than he.
(4) 谁比你重? than yu?
4、根据答句写出问句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years ld.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm lng.
三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 wrked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried wrry – wrried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stpped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , d – did , g – went , take – tk , buy – bught , get – gt , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – tld , draw – drew , cme – came , lse – lst , find – fund , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如ding , ging , wrking , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人称和数
六:句型专项归类
肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:
I’m a student. She is a dctr. He wrks in a hspital.
There are fur fans in ur classrm. He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m nt a student.
She is nt (isn’t) a dctr.
He des nt (desn’t) wrk in a hspital. There are nt (aren’t) fur fans in ur classrm.
He will nt (wn’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did nt (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “nt”。有动词be的句子则“nt”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am nt 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(d,des,did),然后在它后面加上“nt”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dn’t , desn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“des”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。
3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“n”来回答。
如:Are yu a student? Yes, I am / N, I’m nt.
Is she a dctr? Yes, she is. / N, she isn’t.
Des he wrk in a hspital? Yes, he des. / N, he desn’t.
Are there fur fans in ur classrm? Yes, there are. / N, there aren’t.
Are yu ging t buy a cmic bk tnight? Yes, I am. / N, I am nt. (Yes, we are. / N, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / N, I will nt(wn’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / N, they aren’t.
Did yu watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / N, I didn’t.
☆注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(d,des,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“des”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , wh , which , when , whse , why , hw等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、n”来回答。如:
What is this? It’s a cmputer.
What des he d? He’s a dctr.
Where are yu ging? I’m ging t Beijing.
Wh played ftball with yu yesterday afternn? Mike.
Which seasn d yu like best? Summer.
When d yu usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whse skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why d yu like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
Hw are yu? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
Hw did yu g t Xinjiang? I went t Xinjiang by train.
☆其中hw又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: hw many(多少(数量)),
hw much(多少(钱)), hw tall(多高), hw lng(多长), hw big(多大), hw heavy(多重)
例句:Hw many pencils d yu have? I have three pencils.
Hw many girls can yu see? I can see fur girls.
Hw many desks are there in yur classrm? There are 51.
☆小结:hw many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
Hw many + 名词复数 + d yu have? 你有多少……?
Hw many + 名词复数 + can yu see? 你能看见多少……?
Hw many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?
七:完全、缩略形式: I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are yu’re=yu are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can nt dn’t=d nt desn’t=des nt isn’t=is nt aren’t=are nt let’s=let us wn’t=will nt I’ll=I will wasn’t=was nt
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let’s=let us), 're即are ,n't即nt (但can’t=can nt)
人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
第一
人称
单数
I(我)
me
my(我的)
复数
we(我们)
us
ur(我们的)
第二
人称
单数
yu(你)
yu
yur(你的)
复数
yu(你们)
yu
yur(你们的)
第三
人称
单数
he(他)
him
his(他的)
she(她)
her
her(她的)
it(它)
it
its(它的)
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)