初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Section A优质学案

一、表示＂乘坐交通工具＂有以下几种方法

1.＂take+the/a+交通工具名称+地点名词＂意为＂乘……去某地＂。

I usually take the train to the countryside.我通常坐火车去乡下。

【典例】They usually _____________ to work.

A. by bus                  B. take the bus

C. by the bus              D. ride the bus

【答案】B

2.＂动词walk/ride/drive/fly等+to+地点名词＂，意为＂步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地＂。[来源:学.科.网]

He rides to work every day.他每天骑车上班。

3.＂by+交通工具名词＂意为＂乘……＂。

In big cities, going by subway is easy and fast.在大城市，坐地铁方便、快捷。

【典例】1. I often go to school _____________.

      A. by bus          B. by a bus         C. by the bus

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语。乘坐公共汽车是by bus，中间不用冠词。学4科*网

2. Yesterday he left his village and his home, and began his first long trip _____________.

A. by train        B. by the train        C. on train     D. in train

【答案】A

【解析】表示乘坐某种交通工具可以用介词by也可用介词in或on；和by连用的交通工具前不用冠词，但和in, on连用时要用冠词，故选A。

4.＂on/in+限定词+交通工具名词(单数前用a,an,the修饰)＂，用以表达具体的交通方式。

I get to school in my father’s car.我坐我爸爸的小汽车到学校。

二、how引导的特殊疑问句

1. how＂怎样，如何＂，用来提问身体健康状况或者做某事的方式。

How do you go home every day? 你每天怎么回家？

How does your father get to work? 你爸爸怎么去上班？

【典例】—_____________ does Bob usually go to work?

—He usually rides his bike.   

A. What   B. Who   C. Where    D. How

【答案】D

2. how long意为＂多长时间＂，以此询问＂做某事持续了多长时间＂。how long还表示＂多长＂，用以询问＂长度＂。

How long can you keep the books from the library?你可以从图书馆将书借多久？

—How long does it take you to finish your homework? 完成作业花费你多长时间？

—It takes me an hour to finish my homework. 完成作业花费我一个小时的时间。

How long is the river? 这条河多长？

【典例】—_____________ will it take you to go to school from your home by bus?

—About 10 minutes.       

A. How soon　　 　     B. How long

C. How often                 D. How far

【答案】B

【解析】how soon＂多久＂；how long＂多长＂；how often＂多久一次＂；how far＂多远＂。根据答语＂大约10分钟。＂可推测问句是询问多长时间。

3. how far意为＂多远＂，用以询问＂距离或路程＂。其答语分为两种情况：

①用长度单位表示

—How far is it from your home to the bus stop?从你家到公共汽车停靠站有多远？

  —It’s two kilometers.两公里远。

②用时间表示

—How far is the park from the supermarket? 从超市到公园有多远？

  —It’s 5 minutes’ walk. 步行5分钟的路程。

【注意】在回答how far的提问时，通常有两种情形：

①有具体的数字时，可与away from 连用，表示具体距离的计量，口语中away可省略。

②没有具体数字时，应用far或near作答。

—How far is your home from your school? 你家离学校有多远？

     —It’s twenty kilometers (away) from my school./It’s very far.我家离学校有20公里(远)。/我家离学校很远。

【典例】—_____________ is it from your home to school?

—It’s about ten minutes’ walk.

A. How long　　　     B. How far

C. How many              D. How much

【答案】B

4. how often 意为＂多久一次＂，询问事情发生的频率，通常和＂usually,often,never＂连用。

Your parents work in the city. How often do you see them? 你的父母在城里工作。你多久见他们一次？

【典例】—_____________ do you surf the Internet, Maria?

—Twice a week.

A. How long               B. How often 

C. How soon               D. How far

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——玛利亚，你多久上一次网？——一周两次。how long多长时间；how often多久一次；how soon多快；how far 多远。故选B。学3科&网

5. how soon意为＂多久以后＂，用以询问＂某事将在多久以后发生＂，只用于将来时。

—How soon is he coming back? 他多快回来？

—He’s coming back in an hour. 他一个小时后回来。

【典例】—_____________ can you finish this English exam?[来源:学科网ZXXK]

—In about one and a half hours.

A. How far              B. How often

C. How soon            D. How long

【答案】C

【解析】句意：——你什么时候能完成这次英语考试？——大约一个半小时后。how far 多远；how often多久一次；how soon多快；how long多长时间。故选C。

6. how about意为＂……怎么样？＂，与what about同义，用以询问对方的意见。

I like fruit. How about you? 我喜欢水果。你呢?

【典例】—Li Lin, _____________ playing football this Sunday?

—That sounds like a good idea.

A. why not    B. how about     C. what     D. where

【答案】B

7. how many意为＂多少(个)＂，用以询问可数名词的数量多少。

How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生？

8. how much意为＂多少＂，用以询问＂不可数名词的多少＂。how much还表示＂多少钱＂，用以询问＂某物的价格＂。

How much do you know about the city? 你了解这个城市多少？

9. how old意为＂多大岁数，几岁＂，用以询问＂某人的年龄＂。

How old is he? 他几岁？

I. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。

1. —_____________ is your home from here?

—Two miles.

2. It takes him three hours _____________ home by train.

3. She _____________ to school every day because she lives near school.

4. I often _____________ the subway to work.

5. Taking a _____________ is the most popular way of getting to school.

II.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

1. She goes to school on foot.(改为同义句)

She _____________ _____________ school.

2. They’re taking the bus to the farm next Sunday.(改为同义句)

They are _____________ to the farm _____________ _____________ next Sunday.

3. She usually goes to work by bus. (对画线部分提问)

_____________ _____________ she usually go to work?

4. We usually go to school by bike.(用by bus改为选择疑问句)

_____________ you usually go to school by bike _____________ by bus?

5. It takes her fifteen minutes to get to school.(对画线部分提问)

_____________ _____________ does it take her to get to school?

III. 单项选择。

1. —_____________ do you usually go to school, Simon?

  —By bike.

  A. When            B. How      C. What            D. Where

2. —_____________ have you lived in Suqian, Jane?

—For about 16 years.

A. How many          B. How much     C. How long       D. How often    

3. —_____________ does it take them to finish the work?

   —About three hours.

   A. How far           B. How long    C. How about       D. How often

4. Mr. Brown usually _____________ to his school.

   A. takes the train      B. on foot    C. by subway       D. ride a bike

5. —Excuse me, sir. _____________ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?

  —Well, only about five minutes’ walk.

   A. How often         B. How long    C. How far      D. How soon

IV. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. It’s easy for them ____________ (speak)English well.

2. Please don’t ____________ (across) the street when the light is red.

3. It is quite fine today! How about ____________ (go) climbing this afternoon?

4. Let’s stop ____________ (exercise) unhealthily, and we can make a better life.

5. All the ____________ (village)homes are big and clean.

V. 完型填空。

根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。

Do you live in a big house? How many      1      does your house have?

I have a pen pal. His      2      is Liu Jun and he      3      from Guangxi. His family live in a small house      4      only two rooms. He lives far from school, but he has to      5      to school every day because he has no bike. At home, he doesn’t have his own      6      — he and his brother and sister sleep in the      7      room. There is no study. Liu Jun has to do      8      homework on the bed. He wishes(希望) to have a desk. His brother, a 15-year-old boy, wishes to have a basketball.      9      he likes playing basketball very much.

Liu Jun and his family need our      10     . It’s always nice to help others, right?

1. A. lamps   B. rooms    C. clocks    D. desks

2. A. school   B. card    C. number   D. name[来源:学科网]

3. A. come   B. comes    C. to come   D. is coming

4. A. by    B. with    C. in     D. for

5. A. ride    B. drive    C. run    D. swim

6. A. study   B. garden    C. bathroom   D. bedroom

7. A. tall    B. short    C. same    D. different

8. A. my    B. our    C. his    D. their

9. A. So    B. Because   C. But    D. If

10. A. help   B. house    C. food    D. answer

VI. 语法填空。

How do you get to school? Do you walk or ride a bike? Do you go by bus or by train? For many students, it is easy 1. ____________ (get) to school. But for the students in one small village in 2. ____________ (Chinese), it is 3. ____________ (difficulty). There 4. ____________ (be) a very big river between 5. ____________ (they) school and the village. There is no bridge and the river 6. ____________ (run) too 7. ____________ (quick) for boats. So these students go on a ropeway to cross the river to school.

   One 11-year-old boy, Liangliang, crosses the river every day. But he is not afraid. ＂I love to play with my 8. ____________ (classmate). And I love my teacher. He’s like a father to 9. ____________ (I).＂

   Many of the students and villagers never leave the village. It is their dream to have a bridge. Can their dream 10. ____________ (come) true?

VII. 阅读理解。

Many people like to travel by plane, but I don’t. An airport is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off and it’s often late. You can’t open the windows. You can’t choose the food. Planes are fast, but it still takes hours to get out of the airport and into the city.

I like traveling by train I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually in cities. When you are late for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows.  You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.

I also like cars. You can start your journey when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the roads.

1. Does everyone like to travel by plane?

A. Yes, we do.          B. No, I don’t know. 

C. Yes, he does.       D. No, not everyone.

2. Where is an airport according to the passage?

A. It’s usually far from the city.    B. It’s usually in a big city.

C. It’s usually near the city.     D. It’s usually around the city.

3. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A. You can choose food on the plane.  

B. You can open the windows on the plane.

C. You can open the windows on the train. 

D. Trains are not safe.[来源:学科网]

4. The writer doesn’t like traveling by plane, does he?

A. Yes, it does.          B. Yes, he does.  

C. No, it doesn’t.       D. No, he doesn’t.

5. If you take a car, you don’t need to ____________.

A. get to a railway station     B. get up early

C. carry many things      D. take money

I. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。

1.How far   2.to get     3.walks   4.take   5.bus

II.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

1.walks to   2.going；by bus   3.How does　

4. Do；or   5.How long

III. 单项选择。

1. B 【解析】此题用前后照应法解答。单看问句，A、B两选项语法结构正确且符合句意，但根据答语＂骑自行车＂可知，问句是对交通方式的提问，故用疑问词How。[来源:学科网ZXXK]

2. C【解析】根据答语＂大约16年了。＂可知是对时间的长短进行提问，故C项符合题意。

5. C【解析】考查疑问词。答语＂噢，大约步行只要五分钟。＂是用时间表达两地之间的距离，故用how far提问。

IV. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.to speak【解析】此题用语境判断法。It’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.是固定结构，＂对某人来说做某事是……的＂。

2. cross

3. go ing【解析】考查介词的用法。句中about是介词，后跟动词的­ing形式作宾语。

4. exercising【解析】考查动词stop的用法。stop doing 表示＂停止做＂，而stop to do 则表示＂停下来去做＂。由语境＂停止不健康的锻炼，我们才可以过上更好的生活。＂可知，此处需用stop doing 结构。

5. villagers’【解析】词形转换法。village(村庄)词尾加-r变为villager(村民)；＂所有村民们的＂用villager的复数形式的所有格villagers’。

V. 完型填空。

文章大意：这篇短文讲述的是作者的笔友刘军，他的家里只有两个房间。他没有自己的卧室，他和他的哥哥姐姐住在一个房间里。他的家里也没有书房，他不得不在床上写作业。他的家离学校很远，但是因为没有自行车，所以他跑步上学。刘军需要我们的帮助。

1. B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：你住在一个大房子里吗？你的房子有多少房间？lamp 灯；room 房间；clock 钟表；desk 书桌。根据文章下面的内容可知，作者要告诉我们的是关于他的一个笔友刘军，他的家里只有两个房间。故选B。

2. D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：我有一个笔友，他的名字叫刘军。school 学校；card 卡片；number 数字；name名字。根据句意可知，这里作者介绍的是他的一个笔友的情况，名字叫刘军。故选D。学~科！网

4. B【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。句意：他的家人住在一个只有两个房间的小房子里。by 通过……方式，在……旁边；with 和……一起；带有；in 在……里面；for为了，因为。根据句意可知，这里是说刘军的家里只有两个房间，即有两个房间的房子。故应该用介词with。故选B。

5. C【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：他住得离学校很远，但是他不得不跑步上学，因为他没有自行车。ride 骑，乘；drive 开车；run 跑，跑步；swim游泳。根据下句话中because he has no bike 可知，刘军没有自行车，所以他不可能骑自行车上学，也不能开车或游泳。故选C。

6. D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在家里，他没有自己的卧室。study 书房；garden 花园；bathroom 浴室；bedroom 卧室。根据下句话中he and his brother and sister sleep in the same room可知，刘军没有自己的卧室，他和他的哥哥姐姐住在一个房间里。故选D。

7. C【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：他和他的哥哥姐姐睡在一个房间里。tall 高的；short 矮的；same 同样的，同一个；different 不同的。根据上句话和这里的意思可知，刘军的家里只有两个房间，所以他没有自己的卧室，他是和哥哥姐姐睡在同一个房间里。故选C。

8. C【解析】考查物主代词及语境的理解。句意：他的家里没有书房，所以刘军不得不在他的床上写作业。my 我的；our 我们的；his 他的；their他们的。根据句意可知，这里是说刘军不得不在自己的床上写作业。这里的his指刘军的作业。故选C。

9. B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。句意：他的哥哥希望拥有一个篮球，因为他非常喜欢打篮球。so 因此，所以，表示因果关系；because 因为；表示原因；but 但是；表示转折；if如果。根据句意可知，这里表示刘军的哥哥想要篮球的原因。故选B。

10. A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：刘军和他的家人需要我们的帮助。help 帮助；house 房子；food 食物；answer回答。根据文意以及下句话中It’s always nice to help others可知，刘军的家人需要我们的帮助。故选A。

VI. 语法填空。

文章大意：在中国对于一些在小村庄里的学生来说上学是很难的。短文叙述了11岁的亮亮，因为学校与他的村庄之间有一条小河，河流的水流得很急，小船不能行使，因此这个村里的孩子不得不通过索道来上学。

1. to get【解析】句意：对于许多学生来说很容易到达。这里是句式It is +形容词+to do sth做某事是怎样的，故用to get。

2. China【解析】句意：但是对于在中国的小村庄里的学生来说，上学是很难的。这里in后应该跟名词，根据in one small village 可知这里应该用名词China。

4. is【解析】句意：在他们的村庄和学校中间有一条河流。这里是there be 句型，符合就近原则，主语river 是单数，所以be应该单数用is。

5. their【解析】句意：在他们的村庄和学校中间有一条河流。这里空格后是名词school， 所以用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词，故用their。

6. runs【解析】句意：对于小船来说河流流的太快了。这里句子的主语river是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数runs。

7. quickly【解析】句意：对于小船来说河流流的太快了。这里应该用副词来修饰动词runs，故用quickly。

8. classmates【解析】句意：我喜欢和我的同学玩。因为 亮亮的同学不止一个，所以应该用复数classmates。

9. me【解析】句意：他对我就像父亲一样。这里因为to是介词，所以这里应该用宾格代词me。

10. come【解析】句意：他们的梦想能够实现吗？come true实现，故用come。

VII. 阅读理解。

文章大意：本文作者介绍了对几种旅行方式的看法。许多人喜欢坐飞机旅行，但是作者不喜欢。因为在飞机上不能打开窗户，无法选择食物，需要坐好几个小时，飞机才飞出城市。作者喜欢坐火车旅行。因为坐火车安全，在火车上可以四处走动，可以打开窗户。他也喜欢坐汽车，因为汽车不必进入火车站和汽车站，而且可以携带很多东西。

3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据You can walk around in the train and open the windows.可知在火车上可以打开窗户。故选C。

4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Many people like to travel by plane, but I don’t. 可知故作不喜欢坐飞机旅行，故用否定回答，主语是he。故选D。

5. A【解析】细节理解题。根据and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop.可知开汽车旅行，不必到达火车站和汽车站。故选A。