中考英语总复习名词 优 质课件PPT

这是一份中考英语总复习名词 优 质课件PPT，共56页。PPT课件主要包含了中考英语总复习等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专有名词（人名、地名）
名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an，ne来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a bk * an English bk * an hur
factry-factries
leaf -- leaves
名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 (1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/r/z/ * dg – dgs * bk – bks (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/ *bx – bxes *watch – watches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/ * cuntry – cuntries * factry – factries 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” * by – bys hliday-hlidays * mnkey – mnkeys
(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ * half – halves * shelf – shelves * knife – knives * leaf – leaves
英雄想吃马铃薯和西红柿
(5) 以结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.ptat，tmat，her除外 * pian – pians * z – zs ptat – ptates tmat – tmates
child--children
2.不规则变化 (1)单复数同形Chinese – Chinese fish – fish Japanese – Japanese sheep–sheep (2)变元音字母为ee tth – teeth ft – feet
(3).变man为 men man – men wman – wmen pliceman – plicemen Frenchman – Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人) – Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)
(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 peple clthes shes trusers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My clthes are newer than yurs.
3.可数名词可以被a, an, ne, tw以及 hw many，many，a few，few，any，lts f, a lt f ， sme等修饰 *There are a few peple in the park.*Hw many knives are there in yur pencil-bx?
1.Several _____ are talking  under the tree．And they are talking abut______. A．wman; children B．wman; child C．wmen; children2. There are three in my family. A. peple B. persn C. child3. Sme ______ came t ur schl fr a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
4. In the picture there are many______ and tw_______.  A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are fur_______and tw_______in the grup. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans
★不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 wrk chalk time space music mney weather hmewrk wd infrmatin news medicine
1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Sme bread is ver there. *N news is gd news.
2.不可数名词不能直接被a, an, ne, tw等修饰，常用hw much, much, a little, little, a lt f, lts f, sme, any等修饰 *They had much mney. *He des little husewrk at hme. * a rice (X) tw bread (X)
3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+f+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag f apples *a piece f paper *three glasses f range
4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) wrk(工作) – a wrk(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)
1. Please give me ______ paper.  A. ne B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece f2. This table is made f_______. A. many glass B. sme glasses C. glasses D. glass3. —What can I d fr yu, sir? —I'd like tw_________. A.bttle f milk B.bttles f milks C.bttles f milk D.bttle f milks4. We can d the wrk better with______mney and ________ peple. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few
名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s” Kangkang’s father Lucy’s bk 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 Teachers’ ffice The Greens’ huse
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” * Children’ s Day * men’ s shes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用f加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the clr f the wall *a picture f the classrm
1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child2. The tw bedrm are the ____. A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hspital needs tw___dctrs, Mrs. Li. Yu can ask yur sn t have a try. A. wmen B. man C.wman D. men
★名词的用法 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * There are three banana trees ver there. 2. man wman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all wmen wrkers. 3.sprts,clthes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sprts star *a clthes shp
2. This pair f shrts___t expensive. I can’t affrd____.are, them B. are, itC. is, them D. is, it
当出现“单位+f+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。This pair f shes is nice.比较：The shes are nice.Here are tw pieces f news.比较：The news is wnderful.
3. The mdel plane was made by a ____ by. A. ten-years-ld B. ten-year-lder C. ten-year-ld D. ten-year ld
5. Where is Tm?---He has gne t the _____.A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s D. teachers’
★名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 * my aunt’s ( hme） (我姑姑家） * g t the teachers’ ( ffice） (去老师办公室） 
6. Lucy is ____ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
8. It’s ____frm ur schl t my hme.A. ten minutes’ walk B. ten minute’s walkC. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
名词所有格（’s）也可以用于无生命的东西， 主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后tw mnths’ vacatin a mile’s distance此表达可以和合成形容词互换tw mnths’ vacatin= tw-mnth vacatin
1 . Culd yu please get me sme ________? I’m hungry.（2011年重庆中考第24题）A. appleB. water C. bread D. egg2. Smething is wrng with my___. I can’t see anything arund me.（2010年重庆中考第22题） A. nse B. ears C. eyes D. muth3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it. （2009年重庆中考第23题） A. flwers B. grass C. villages D. water
4. --- Hw far is yur cusin’s hme frm here? --- It’s abut tw ______ drive. （2009年重庆中考第34题） A. hur’s B. hurs C. hurs’ D. hur5. Ya Ming did a gd jb in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favrite ______（2008年重庆中考第25题）A. wrker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
6.All the ______ teachers enjyed themselves n March 8th，because it was their wn hliday. （2007年重庆中考第24题） A．man B. men C. wman D. wmen7.Ten hurs____(be) nt eugh fr us t d it.
What have yu learnt this lessn?
一、考查重点二、考查重点讲解
可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格单位词名词作定语
e.g a drp f water
即可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：
不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 paper glass 玻璃 glass rm 空间 rm chicken 鸡肉 chicken beauty 美 beauty
试卷，论文玻璃杯房间小鸡美人
1. cap---caps task---tasks star---stars tree---trees stmach---stmachs huse---huses exercise---exercises
2. bus---buses bx---bxes watch---watches dish---dishes
3. shelf---shelves life—lives knife---knives leaf---leaves wife—wives half--halves
4. stry—stries baby—babies cuntry—cuntries party—parties / day—days by--- bys ty---tys
5 . ptat---ptates her---heres tmat—tmates radi—radis pian—pians z---zs
manmen gentlemangentlemen plicemanplicemen wmanwmen ftfeet tthteeth gsegeese musemice child children
sheep  sheep fish  fish deer deer aircraft aircraftChinese  Chinese Japanese  Japanese
3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况
a Japanese  five Japanese ( e.g Chinese )
a Frenchman  tw Frenchmen ( e.g Englishman Englishwman )
a German  five Germans ( e.g Russian American Indian)
4. 常以复数形式出现的名词
trusers glasses shrtsscks physics news clthes wds
5. 复合名词的复数形式
a. 将主体名词变为复数
e.g: a by studentby students a flwer shpflwer shps a dining rm  dining rms
b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man或wman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数
e.g: a wman teacher  tw wmen teachers a man nurse  tw men nurses
Mike’s bag the by’s knife
为 2人共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-‘s; 若不是 2人共同所有，则在 2个名词后都加-‘s
e.g 珍妮和海伦的房间 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间
Jenny and Helen’s rm
Jenny’s and Helen’s rm
3. 无生命的东西一般用“ f +名词”的形式表示其所有格
e.g the dr f the rm the wall f the park
4. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 -‘s 构成所有格
e.g 2小时路程 北京最好的公园 今日报纸 车站休息室
tw hurs’ walk
Beijing’s best park
tday’s newspaper
the statin’s waiting-rm
my teacher’s ffice students’ exercise bks Children’s Palace tday’s newspaper15 minutes’ walk = a 15-minute walk
1 我老师的办公室2 学生们 的练习本3 少年宫4 今天的报纸5 十五分钟的路程
名词的所有格 Practice
6 广东的省会7 教室的门8 我父亲的一个朋友9 他的两个兄弟10 爱迪生的一些发明11他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)12 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人士他弟弟)
the capital f Guangdng
the drs f the classrm
a friend f my father (’s)
tw brthers f his
sme inventins f Edisn’s
a picture f his brther’s
a picture f his brther
e.g a cffee cup a wman driver summer hliday a milk bttle a tth brush
注意： 两周的假 一个10岁的男孩
a tw-week vacatin
a ten-year-ld by
睡2个小时的觉做半小时车的路
tw hurs’ sleep
half an hur’s drive
当class, family, team, grup, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。
e.g The class waiting fr her. Tm’s family _____ rather big. Tm’s family _________ are film fans.
2. news, maths, plitics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。
e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths ___ nt easy fr him.
3. 像chpsticks, shes, glasses, trusers, 等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。
e.g The shes are hers.
但是: A pair f glasses _____ n the table. Tw pairs f glasses ______ n the table.
4. plice, peple(人们), yuth(青年们) 只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。
e.g The plice are gathering in the street. The Chinese peple _____ peace.
但是: peple当“民族”，yuth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分
e.g He is a yuth f 20. Many English-speaking peples _____ this bk.
5. 像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据 具体情况定
e.g A deer is ver there in the field. A grup f deer ______ ver there in the field.
7. Bth … and …的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Bth he and his father ________ there.
6. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：
There be … e.g. There ___ a bk and tw apples n the desk. nt nly…but als… e.g Nt nly yu but als he ___ right. either…r e.g Either he r I ____ wrng. neither…nr e.g Neither she nr I _____ right.
8.表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的 复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。 e.g Eight hurs f sleep_____ enugh fr yu . Ten dllars _____ t much t pay.
9、e.g The ld man with his tw sns ______ left fr America . Miss Wang as well as his friends _____ waiting there .注: 由 as well as, tgether with, with, besides,but, except 等词连接两个名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据as well as 等词前面的名词来定。