2021年上海初中英语自招&拔高训练（一）

这是一份2021年上海初中英语自招&拔高训练（一），共7页。
（1）
Chicag is an incredible city and a key business center fr the Midwest. That means that sner r later mst business travelers(1)_______(find) themselves there. This City Guide fr Chicag prvides business travelers with all the infrmatin they need(2)_________（plan）a successful trip t Chicag. Of curse, it als help yu find ut hw t enjy(3)_________while yu’re there.
Unless yu’re just in Chicag fr the day, there’s a gd chance that yu’ll have sme time after wrk t explre the sleepless city and(4)________yu’re ready t take a break frm business meetings r simply want t thrw in sme sightseeing after a busy week at wrk.(5)____ _____ ______help business travelers plan their free time better, we’ve created this verview f things t d in Chicag. We’ll help yu feel at hme in ne f America’s biggest cities.
If yu’re mainly ging t be dwntwn, the buses and trains and taxis can pretty quickly mve yu arund. T make it easy, we’ve pulled tgether a cmplete list f the transprtatin ptins fr business n rental cars in Chicag. Of curse, business travelers(6)_______als want t cmpare prices n rental cars in Chicag, especially if they need transprtatin t the surrunding suburbs.
Chicag has a huge range f dining ptins. Yu can always get sme real cmfrt fd there,but when it cmes t business lunches r dinners, it’s nice t have smething a little(7)_________(nice).
Chicag is a wnderful city fr business travelers. Htel ptins range frm ultra-fancy in twn t cheap and cnvenient in the suburbs. While it’s relatively easy t mve arund Chicag, it’s still a gd idea fr business travelers t knw(8)_______they need t be during the day and t select a htel nearby. Alternatively, yu can select a htel that’s in the heart f the dwntwn area.
1.will find 考查谓语动词时态，根据sner r later得知为一般将来时。
2.t plan 考查不定式, “they need…”定语从句，修饰infrmatin。
3.yurself/yurselves 考查不定代词，固定搭配enjy neself。
4.that 考查同位语从句，与that yu’ll…并列，对chance内容补充。
5. In rder t 考查介词短语作状语，表示“为了…”。
6.may 考查情态动词，表示可能。
7.nicer 考查形容词的比较级，a little后接形容词或副词的比较级。
8.where 考查宾语从句，从句缺地点状语。
（2）
Remember that dll yu had as a kid --- the ne whse eyes pen when it is upright and clse when it’s laid dwn? Or maybe yu were the kid that went arund ppping limbs ff Barbies and teddy bears.
Either way, it turns ut that these brken tys need nt wrry, (1) ______ Sydney’s Original Dll Hspital exists. And this year, it celebrates 100 years f (2) ______ (fix) up dlls, teddy bears, rcking hrses, umbrellas and mre.
The dll hspital was funded by Harld Chapman Sr. (3) ______ part f his general stre, thanks t a shipping errr. His brther was in the business f imprting cellulid (合成树脂) dlls frm Japan but the rubber bands (4) ______ held them tgether wuld ften break and the dlls wuld be destryed. It was Mr. Chapman Sr. (5) ______ came up with a way t repair them. And then frm such a small beginning grew quite a successful business as demand fr dll repairs increased.
The business was taken ver in (6) ______ 1930s by Harld’s sn, Harld Chapman Jr. (7) ______ (expand) the business, Harld Chapman Jr. relcated the Dll Hspital and included repairs t ther tys, leather gds, umbrellas, etc.
Nw the hspital has been passed nt the third generatin f the Chapman family, with Harld Jr.’s sn, Geff, nw in charge. (8) ______ many mdern children are mre interested in the latest gadgets (小玩意) r cmputer games, the business is still ging strng, with dlls sent frm all ver Australia and even acrss the sea frm New Zealand fr repair.
because/since/as/fr 考查原因状语从句的连接词
fixing 考查动名词，f后接动名词作宾语
as 考查介词用法，as在这里表示“作为”
that/which 考查定语从句，修饰the rubber bands
that/wh 考查强调句，强调主语为人
the考查冠词用法，in the 年表示在…年代
T expand 考查不定式作状语，为了…
Althugh/While/Thugh 考查让步状语从句
Reading
（1）
1.The reviewer admires Brain Aldiss’ ability t___________.
A. write s many nvels B. cntinue t be inventive in his writing
write disturbing plts D. have a writing career spanning ver fur decades
2.Why des the setting f Jin-Shei appeal t the reviewer?
A. It is a gd science f fictin setting. B. It is mysterius.
C. It is a less cmmn chice f setting. D. It is very magical.
3.Terry Brk’s nvel cntinues a series n___________.
A. the adventures f an unsuspecting her and his attempts t rescue his aunt
B. a request abut the High Druid f Shannara in a secret chamber in Paranr
C. The disappearance f a Druid which fils the plans f the enemies
D. Liberating a stranded aunt wh is key
BCA
本文是三部文学作品的回顾与评论．文章的三个评论即表现出这三部作品的优势与吸引读者的地方，也描述了大概剧情，让人一目了然．
1．B．细节理解题．根据文章"and he has been driven t try the new and the different ever since．That he is still experimenting nw"可知，Brian Aldis一直在寻求创新，直到现在他仍然在创作，一直没有放弃，是值得赞扬的一位作家．故选B．
2．C．细节理解题．根据文章"With s many fantasy nvels using Eurpean-derived settings and mythlgy，ancient China makes a refreshing change"可知，Jin-Shei 是中国对神话进行了耳目一新的改变后衍生出的作品．可见其创作不太常见．故选C．
3．A．细节理解题．根据文章"The third nvel in the High Druid f Shannara series jumps straight back int the stry where it left ff．It cntinues the quest f unlikely her Penderrin Ohmsfrd．"可知，Terry Brk的小说继续延续另类英雄，一位不知情的主人公尝试冒险去救他的阿姨．故选A．
（2）
St Kilda is a tiny archipelag (群岛) f the Nrth Atlantic Ocean. The islands are amng the mst spectacular, but the greatest fascinatin is that, fr ver a thusand years, peple lived there and pssessed a sense f cmmunity. Cut ff frm the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way f living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned t breed n the rcks.
Islatin als had a big effect upn St kildans attitudes and ideas. The peple sacrificed themselves year in and year ut, in a cnstant battle t secure a livelihd. In such harsh cnditins, life was nly pssible because the whle cmmunity wrked tgether.
In the 19th century St Kilda was subject t pressures frm the utside wrld. Educatin, religin and turism all attempted t thrw the St Kildans’ way f life int dubt. In the early 20th century, the strength f the cmmunity became weakened as cntact with the rest f Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult t get adequate fd, the St Kildans were frced t turn t the mainland fr assistance.
In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed t abandn their hmes. They settled n the Scttish mainland, nt realizing it meant thrwing themselves int the 20th century. As adults, they had t accept thse values mst Scts believe in. Fr instance, the islanders fund it difficult t base their existence upn mney. They had never lived in a wrld where they bught gds and services frm each ther.
The islanders shwed themselves indifferent t the jbs they were given n the mainland. The laburs asked f them were unskilled cmpared with the spectacular skills they had nce perfrmed in rder t kill seabirds. Mrever, killing birds had nce prvided the cmmunity with fd t survive. On the mainland, hwever, the tasks they were asked t perfrm did nt prvide them immediately with what was needed t keep them fed and warm.
The histry f the St Kildans after the evacuatin (撤离), f their inability and lack f reslutin t fit int urban sciety, makes sad reading. When they were resettled n the mainland, the St Kildans were frced t live in a sciety whse values were unacceptable and incmprehensible t the majrity f them. Fr many, the mve was a tragedy.
1. Accrding t Paragraph 3, the fllwing factrs lead t St kildans seeking help frm utside EXCEPT ______.
A. unbearable windB. insufficient fd supply
C. cntact with BritainD. wrsening health
2. After the St Kildans inhabited Sctland, they ________.
A. sn learned hw t buy gds and services frm thers
B. had truble adapting t the value f dminant sciety.
C. exhibited willingness t carry ut their given jbs.
D. had the pprtunity t shw their skills f killing seabirds.
3. Which f the fllwing is NOT abut hw peple used t live n St Kilda?
A. The majr surce f fd was fund lcally.
B. It was essential fr peple t help each ther.
C. Very few peple had visited mainland Sctland.
D. Mney played an insignificant rle in life.
4. What is the passage mainly cncerned with?
A. The rle f mney in mdern cmmunities.
B. Hw a cmmunity adapted t a different frm f life.
C. The destructin f an ld-fashined cmmunity.
D. Hw a small cmmunity fight against ppsite cnditins.
ABCC
1.本题考查了学生提取细节能力。A 无法忍受的风， B不充足的食物供给，C和英国人联系，D恶化的健康。根据文意，根据第三段“On the mainland, hwever, the tasks they were asked t perfrm did nt prvide them immediately with what was needed t keep them fed and warm.”可知，在大陆他们被要求做的事情并不能立刻给他们提供所需要的食物和温暖。只有选项A没提到，故选A。
2.本题考查了学生提取细节能力。A 很快就学会怎样从其他人那里买食物和服务， B在适应主流社会文化方面有困难，C表现出愿意完成交给他们的工作，D有机会去展示他们杀死海鸟的技能。根据上下文，他们在海岛上是相互购买食物和服务的，而定居在苏格兰之后以前技能度用不上了，融入主流文化很困难，根据第四段“When they were resettled n the mainland, the St Kildans were frced t live in a sciety whse values were unacceptable and incmprehensible t the majrity f them.”可知，当他们定居在大陆的时候，the St Kildans被迫居住在这样的社会里，它的文化价值对大多数人来说无法接受和无法理解，所以融入主流社会很难。所以选择B。
3.本题考查了学生提取细节能力。A 食物的主要来源是在当地， B对人们来说相互帮助是最基本的，C很少有人拜访苏格兰大陆，D钱在生活中起着不重要的角色。根据上下文，他们在原来的岛上，很少用钱，通过相互交换来生存，以海鸟为生，选项A、B、D都符合题意和文意，根据第二段“the islanders fund it difficult t base their existence upn mney.”可知，岛民发现用钱来作为他们存在的基础是很难的，也就是说他们不用钱来买卖东西，主要靠交换。根据第三段他们的生存主要是靠捕食海鸟。所以选择C。
4.本题考查了学生概括文章主旨大意能力。A 在现代社会里钱的角色， B一个团体怎样适应一种不同形式的生活，C一个古老团体的破坏，D一个小社团怎样抵制相反的情况。根据上下文，本文主要讲述了一个古老的民族在离开了原来的居住地后无法融入新的社会团体，对于很多人来说新的生活环境让他们很困惑和难以接受，这个民族的文化慢慢被消磨殆尽，根据上下文，这里是说一个古老社区的破坏。所以选择C。
（3）
The average number f authrs n scientific papers is sky-rcketing. That’s partly because labs are bigger, prblems are mre cmplicated, and mre different subspecies are needed. But it’s als because U.S. gvernment agencies have started t prmte “team science”. As physics develped in the pst-Wrld War Ⅱ era, federal funds built expensive natinal facilities, and these served as surfaces n which cllabratins culd crystallize naturally.
Yet multiple authrship — hwever gd it may be in ther ways — presents prblems fr jurnals and fr the institutins in which these authrs wrk. Fr the jurnals, lng lists f authrs are hard t deal with in themselves. But thse lng lists give rise t mre serius questins when smething ges wrng with the paper. If there is research miscnduct, hw shuld the liability be allcated amng the authrs? If there is an hnest mistake in ne part f the wrk but nt in thers, hw shuld an evaluatr aim his r her review?
Varius practical r impractical suggestins have emerged during the lng-standing debate n this issue. One is that each authr shuld prvide, and the jurnal shuld then publish, an accunt f that authr’s particular cntributin t the wrk. But a different view f the prblem, and perhaps f the slutin, cmes as we get t university cmmittee n appintments and prmtins, which is where the authrship rubber really meets the rad. Half a lifetime f invlvement with this prcess has taught me hw much authrship matters. I have watched cmmittees attempting t decde sequences f names, agnize ver whether a much-cited paper was really the candidate’s wrk r a cauthr’s, and send back recmmendatins asking fr mre specificity abut the divisin f respnsibility.
Prblems f this kind change the argument, supprting the case fr asking authrs t define their wn rles. After all, if quality judgments abut individuals are t be made n the basis f their persnal cntributins, then the judges better knw what they did. But if questins arise abut the validity f the wrk as a whle, whether as challenges t its cnduct r as evaluatins f its influence in the field, a team is a team, and the members shuld share the credit r the blame.
1. Accrding t the passage, there is a tendency that scientific papers________.
A. are getting mre cmplicated
B. are dealing with bigger prblems
C. are mre f a prduct f team wrk
D. are fcusing mre n natural than n scial sciences
2. One f the prblems with multiple authrship is that it is hard_______.
A.t allcate the respnsibility if the paper ges wrng
B.t decide n hw much cntributin each reviewer has made
C.t assign the rles that the different authrs are t play
D.t crrespnd with the authrs when the readers feel the need t
3. Accrding t the passage, authrship is imprtant when .
A. practical r impractical suggestins f the authrs are cnsidered
B. appintments and prmtins f the authrs are invlved
C. evaluatrs need t review the publicatin f the authrs
D. the publicatin f the authrs has becme much-cited
4. Accrding t the passage, whether multiple authrs f a paper shuld be taken cllectively r individually depends n_______.
A. whether judgments are made abut the paper r its authrs
B. whether it is the credit r the blame that the authrs need t share
C. hw many authrs are invlved in the paper
D. where the paper has been published
5. The best title fr the passage can be_______.
A. Writing Scientific Papers: Publish r Perish
B. Cllabratin and Respnsibility in Writing Scientific Papers
C. Advantages and Disadvantages f Team Science
D. Multiple Authrs, Multiple Prblems
1. C。根据文章第一段中“…it’s als because U.S. gvernment agencies have started t prmte ‘team science’.”可知论文数量的增加与team science有关。故答案为C。
2. A。根据文章第二段中“But thse lng lists give rise t mre serius questins when smething ges wrng with the paper.”可知当文章出错的时候，很难找出由谁负责。故答案为A。
3. B。根据文章第三段中“…as we get t university cmmittee n appintments and prmtins, which is where the authrship rubber really meets the rad.”可知，当涉及作者的任命和晋升时，著作权是非常重要的。故答案为B。
4. A。根据最后一段中第二句和第三句的论述可知，多作者作品的职责是该整体来评判还是单独评判，取决于判断是根据作品本身还是作者做出来的。故答案为A。
5.D。本文刚开始指出现在出现好多作者共同执笔的现象以及这一现象带来的社会问题，最后提出了一些解决办法。纵观全文，只有选项D更全面的概括了文章。故答案为D。
Vcabulary
China Set t Make Own Ballpint Pen Tips
One f China’s majr stainless steel (不锈钢) prducers has independently develped the special steel needed t make the ballpint pen tips and plans t mass-prduce the material t replace __1__ in tw years.
The grup has spent five years n research and develpment t __2__ the technlgy, ending a lng-term Chinese reliance n freign pen tips.
Withut this technlgy, China’s pen manufacturers, which prduce 38 billin ballpint pens per year, have had t purchase the __3__ parts frm verseas markets, csting the industry $17.3 millin a year, accrding t the China Natinal Light Industry Cuncil.
“It will be ne f ur __4__ prducts in the lng run, and we will try mre materials fr tips f ballpint pens t remain cmpetitive,” said Li Jianmin, directr f TISCO’s research and develpment center.
Wang Huimian, TISCO’s senir engineer, said the cmpany will __5__ mre financial resurces and manpwer t develp next-generatin ballpint pen tips in a(n) __6__ friendly way t further cmpete with rivals in Japan and Switzerland.
“If these real ecnmy-related factrs are underdevelped, its key __7__ wn’t be strng,” said Wang.
The pen tip issue was first brught int the sptlight by Premier Li Keqiang in January last year, __8__ a majr issue facing Chinese manufacturers — weak cmpetitiveness in key technlgy.
Making such prducts requires high-precisin __9__ and extremely-thin steel plates. Special micr-elements must be added t liquid steel t make a quality tip that can write cntinually fr at least 800 meters.
Eager t enhance its earning ability, the cmpany __40__ that it planned t prduce 10.5 millin metric tns f steel this year, including 4.5 millin stainless steel prducts.
Zha Ying, a researcher at the Institute f Industrial Ecnmics f the Chinese Academy f Scial Sciences in Beijing, said, “All these elements can be reached nly thrugh lng-term investment and increasing develpment,” he said.
1．D 考查名词．根据句子里 independently develped the special steel 独立研发，所以应该是代替进口，imprt名词，进口，符合语境．
2．H 考查动词．acquire是动词，获得，句意是该组织花了五年时间获得该技术．
3．K 考查形容词．根据csting the industry 17.3millin a year可知，这个技术每年都花费17.3millin，可见是 一项非常重要的，crucial形容词，重要的符合语境．
4．A 考查形容词．结合上文可知，圆珠笔的核心技术被突破，长期看这将是我们的特色产品．
5．F 考查动词．结构句子后面的mre financial resurces and manpwer 可知，invest投资更多的经济和人力．
6．B 考查副词．此处是一个固定搭配envirnmentally friendly即环保的．
7．J 考查名词．根据该段的最后一部分cmpetitiveness in key technlgy在关键科技的竞争，原词复现．
8．E 考查非谓语．expse使…暴露，根据句意可知，现在分词做状语表示结果．
9．I 考查名词．根据后面的 extremely-thin steel plates可知，high-precisin machinery 指高精仪器．
10．C 考查动词．从后半句 it planned t prduce 10.5 millin metric tns f steel this year，including 4.5 millin stainless steel prducts．的得知，这是该公司宣布的内容，故选annunced．Reviews
Cultural Breaks by Brain Aldiss
Reviewed by Paul Kincaid
Brian Aldiss is an amazing and frustrating writer. When he is n sng, his style is frceful, disturbing and delectable. But he is a restless writer. He came int his wn in the enthusiastic and experimental atmsphere f the New Wave, and he has been driven t try the new and the different ever since. That he is still experimenting nw, 50 years after his appearance, is a measure f a man wh has never been prepared t settle back n his laurels.
The Secrets f Jin-Shei by Alma Alexander
Reviewed by Dnna McMahn
With s many fantasy nvels using Eurpean-derived settings and mythlgy, ancient China makes a refreshing change. The landscape is tempting and yet familiar enugh t feel very real, and the authr uses magic sparingly, in ways apprpriate t her sciety. This and the cmplex detail put int the backdrp makes the nvel feel very much like histrical fictin.
Straken by Terry Brks
Reviews by Natural Brazil
The third nvel in the High Druid f Shannara series jumps straight back int the stry where it left ff. It cntinues the quest f unlikely her Penderrin Ohmsfrd. Nw equipped with the means t break in- and back ut- f the Frbidding, where his aunt, the verthrwn Ard Phys f Druids, is stranded, Pen must first get back t Paranr. His rescue attempt can nly begin frm within the chamber where Grianne Ohmsfrd disappeared. Unfrtunately, this will deliver him straight int the hands f thse respnsibilities fr his aunt’s disappearance.
A. characteristic B. envirnmentally C. annunced D. imprts E. expsing
F. invest G. extensively H. acquire I. machinery J. cmpetitiveness K. crucial