系动词用法的详细归纳学案

这是一份系动词用法的详细归纳学案，共10页。
系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 系动词的分类：


1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.　 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery.　 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.　 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.　 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.　
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.　
这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词
　 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that.　 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.　 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success.　 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 各类系动词用法：be动词用法   be + adj He is tall. 他长的高。 She is angry. 她生气。 The cat is black. 这只猫是黑色的。 be + adv.(又可作为介词的部分副词)  My parents are in. 我的父母在家。（in在此为副词）。 The new album is not out yet. 新专辑还没发布呢。 Sales are up. 销售量上升了。 be + n. Jane is a student. 简是一名学生。 Life is an art. 生活是一种艺术。 Guangzhou is a big city. 广州是个大城市。（big修饰city，核心词是名词city） be + v-ing His favorite sport is playing basketball. 他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。Your job is taking care of the baby. 你的工作是照顾好婴儿。 Her hobby is teaching. 她的爱好是教书。  【注意】 此结构不是表示进行时态。请对比：  His favorite sport is playing basketball. 他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。（表示最喜欢的运动是什么;playing是动名词作名词用）  He is playing basketball. 他正在打篮球。 （正在进行时，表示他正在进行的动作；playing是表示正在进行的动作） Her hobby is reading. 她的爱好是阅读。（reading是动名词作名词用）She was reading. 她在读书。（进行时；reading是现在分词表示正在进行的动作） be +作形容词用的过去分词The door is closed. 门是关着的。The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。He is tired. 他累了。 【注意】 此结构不是表示被动。请对比：The door is closed. 门是关着的。（强调状态；closed是作形容词用）The door is closed by Tom. 门被汤姆关了。（被动语态，强调动作） She was exhausted. 她筋疲力尽了。（强调状态；exhausted是作形容词用）She was exhausted by the long walk. 长途步行让她筋疲力尽。（被动语态，强调动作） be +介词短语The mirror is on the wall. 镜子在墙上。The teacher is in the classroom. 老师在教室里。The cat is under the table. 猫在桌子下面。 be +to doMy dream is to open a company of my own. 我的梦想是开一家自己的公司。Your job is to solve the problem. 你要做的就是解决这个问题。My advice is to stop complaining. 我的建议是：停止抱怨。  keep 用法  keep+ adjWe sat around the fire to keep warm. 我们围着火坐以求保暖。You must keep calm. 你必须保持冷静。The patient kept sane. 病人仍然神志正常。Keep still. 别动。 keep+ 介词短语Let’s keep in touch. 我们保持联系。It's none of your business. You keep out of this. 这不关你的事，你别掺和进来。You have to keep in line. 你必须排队。  stay 用法  stay+ adjEat right to stay healthy. 正确饮食，保持健康。She stayed awake all night. 她整晚没睡。Stay silent and stay calm. 保持安静和保持冷静。  stay+ n. They stayed friends throughout their lives. 他们一生都是朋友。Stay a student all your life. 一生做个学生。（学无止境）He is willing to stay a worker. 他乐意继续做工人。 stay+ 介词短语Stay out of trouble. 别惹事。Stay away from me! 别靠近我！They stayed in touch for years. 他们保持联系好几年了。  look 的用法  用于非正式场合，侧重从人或物外表视觉得出的印象 look+ adj You look very tired. 你看起来很累。He looks sad. 他看起来悲伤。She doesn't look happy. 她看起来不高兴。 look+ n.She looks (like) a good girl. 她看起来是个好女孩。He looks (like) an honest man. 他看起来是个诚实的人。 It looks+ as if/though引导的从句 It looks as if/though the meeting is over. 会议好像结束了。It looks as if/though he is ill. 他好像病了。It looks as if/though it might snow. 好像要下雪了。 look like 好像It looks like it will not snow. 好像不会下雪。It looks like she is going to win the competition. 好像她会赢得这场比赛。It looks like he is not going to come. 好像他不会来了。  appear 用法 常用于正式文体中，侧重表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。 appear+ adjHe appeared upset. 他看起来心烦。She appeared pleased. 她看起来挺高兴。Although everything appears normal, something is wrong. 虽然所有事表面上看起来正常，但是有些不对劲。 appear+ n.She appears a fool. 她看起来像个傻瓜。He appears a different man. 他看起来像变了个人。It appears a good deal. 这好像是个不错的交易。 appear+ to+ v.He appeared to be a calm man. 他好像是个冷静的人。Her mother appeared to be angry. 她母亲好像生气了。They appeared to have a good time. 他们好像玩的高兴。He appears to know what happened. 他好像知道发生了什么事。  seem 用法 seem指说话人内心的估计与判断 seem+ adjHe seemed very happy. 他似乎很开心。The request seems reasonable. 这要求好像合理。The meeting seems important. 这会议好像重要。Your story seems true. 你说的好像是真的。    seem+ n.This seems (like) a good idea. 这好像是个好主意。It seems (like) a smart decision. 这好像是个明智的决定。He seems (like) a nice man. 他好像是个不错的人。 seem+ to+ v.The movie seems to be funny. 这电影好像挺搞笑。She seems to be a nice girl. 她好像是个挺不错的女孩子。He seemed to know my secret. 他似乎知道我的秘密。She doesn’t seem to remember what happened. 她好像不记得发生了什么事。   It seems + as if/though引导的从句  It seemed as if/though the work would never end. 工作好像永远都做不完。It seems as if/though the end of the world had come. 就好像世界末日来了一样。It seemed as if/though she didn’t understand what I meant. 她好像不明白我的意思。  It seems + that从句It seems that someone is at home. 好像有人在家里。It seemed that someone was here. 好像有人在这里。It seemed that she forgot to buy the book. 她好像忘记买那本书了。 seem likeIt seems like it is raining. 好像下雨了。It seems like the test is very difficult. 测试好像很难。She seems like a manager. 她好像是个经理。 She seems like a manager. 她好像是个经理。   smell 用法   smell + adj. 表示闻起来怎样The supper smelt delicious. 晚饭闻起来很香。Your dog smells bad. 你的狗的气味不好。The apple smelt good. 苹果闻起来香。You smell awful. You need to take a shower. 你好难闻，你该去洗澡了。  smell of + n. 表示闻起来有….的味道Your coat smells of smoke. 你的外套有烟的味道。The room smells of flowers. 房间有花的味道。 smell likeHer hand smells like roses. 她的手有玫瑰花的味道。It smells like lemons. 这闻起来像柠檬。    taste 用法    taste + adj. The soup tastes good. 这汤喝起来不错。The pear tastes sweet. 梨子甜。The rice tastes awful. 这饭不好吃。The fish tasted disgusting. 这鱼非常难吃。 taste of + n. 表示品尝起来有….的味道The cake tastes of strawberries. 这蛋糕有草莓的味道。The soup didn’t taste much of sugar. 这汤没什么糖的味道。  taste likeThe potato tastes like chicken. 这土豆吃起来像鸡肉。The meat tastes like rotten egg. 这肉吃起来像臭鸡蛋。The wine tastes like water. 这酒喝起来像白开水。   sound 用法    sound + adj. The news sounds good 这消息听起来不错。You sound tired. 你听起来挺累的。The plan sounds good to me. 我觉得这计划听起来不错。 sound like/as if/as thoughIt sounds like a good plan. 这听起来是个不错的计划。It sounds as if/though they will be late for the meeting. 听起来好像他们开会会迟到。   feel 用法    feel + adj. 人作主语，强调人本身的感觉，可用进行时I still feel hungry. 我仍然觉得饿。She is feeling better today. 她今天觉得好些。Make yourself feel comfortable. 让你自己觉得舒服。He is feeling guilty. 他觉得内疚。 物作主语，强调某物给人的感觉，尤其是经过触摸之后；不用进行时Your hands feel cold. 你的手摸起来冰冷。The bag felt damp. 这书包摸起来湿湿的。The silk feels smooth. 丝绸摸起来滑滑的。The room feels hot and stuffy. 房间让人感觉闷热。 feel like/as if/as thoughShe felt like she could really do it. 她觉得她真的能够做到。The fabric feels like silk. 这布料摸起来像丝绸。My hand feels as if/though it were broken. 我的手好像断了一样。He felt as if/though God were taking him by the hand. 他感觉好像上帝挽着他的手。 become/get 的用法  become/get+ adjget比become更常用，尤其在口语中The weather becomes/gets colder. 天气变得更加寒冷。His wife became/got jealous. 他妻子吃醋了。The little girl became/got uncomfortable. 小女孩感到不安。 become/get+作形容词用的过去分词The station became/got crowded. 车站变得拥挤。The coach became/got annoyed with the player. 教练对那个运动员很不高兴。 become+ n. Elizabeth became the Queen of England. 伊莉莎白成为英国女王。Greenhouse effect has become a big problem. 温室效应已成为一个大问题。They become good friends. 他们成为了好朋友。 go 用法  go+ adj （仅限某些形容词）go常表示朝不好的方向发展 Her company went bankrupt last month. 她的公司上个月破产了。The milk went sour. 牛奶变酸了。The fruit went bad. 水果变坏了。 go用于表示身心发生退化或不好的变化 My mother’s hair starts to go grey. 我母亲的头发开始变白。 She went mad/crazy. 她疯了。He went blind/deaf/bald. 他瞎了/聋了/秃顶了。 go还可用于表示颜色的变化The water went red. 水变成红色。The sky goes grey. 天空变成灰色。Her nose went red. 她的鼻子红了。  turn 用法  turn+ adjIt turns hot. 天气变得炎热。The man turned nasty. 这男的变得脾气很不好。The murderer turned violent. 凶手变得暴力。 turn最常用于表示颜色的变化     His face turns red. 他的脸红了。The liquid turns blue. 液体变成蓝色。The leaves turned yellow. 叶子变黄。 turn + n. ，n.前无冠词He turns vampire. 他变成了吸血鬼。  grow 用法 常用于书面语，表示逐渐变化 grow+ adjIt grew darker and darker. 天变得越来越黑。We will grow old. 我们会变老。 grow+ 作形容词用的过去分词I have grown tired of being an assistant. 我已经厌倦当一名助理。Your eyes will grow used to the darkness. 你的眼睛会逐渐适应黑暗的。