人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage多媒体教学课件ppt
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage多媒体教学课件ppt,共26页。PPT课件主要包含了现在时态,过去时态,将来时态,现在完成时,典型例题等内容,欢迎下载使用。
过去将来时态 wuld d
现在完成时态 have\has dne
现在进行时态 is\are ding
过去完成时态 had dne
过去进行时态 was\were ding
一般将来时态 will d
1、 用法:经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语 : usually, smetimes, in spring, every day, in the mrning等2、动词构成 :动词原型. wrk 动词+S.(主语是第三人称单数)wrks 否定构成 : dn’t+动原 desn’t+动原3、 一般疑问构成及简答:D+主语+动原+其它?Yes,I d.
Des+主语+动原+其它?N,he desn’t. 特殊疑问举例 :What d yu ften d n Sundays?
Where des he live? 注意: 客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时
动词的第三人称单数形式
动词构成:is\are ding用法:1、表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或 发生的动作。例如: The students are listening t the teacher. He is watching TV nw. 2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正 在进行的动作。例如: I am writing a bk this mnth\these days.
1.现在完成时的构成:助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词(dne)
2.现在完成时的用法:(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already, befre, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如: ① I have never heard f that befre. ② Have yu ever ridden a hrse? ③ She has already finished the wrk. ④ Have yu milked the cw yet? Yes, I have dne that already.
(2)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状语连用。 如:fr和since,以及 s far, nw, tday, this week(mnth, year) 等。 ① I haven’t seen her these days. ② She has learnt English fr 3 years. ③ They have lived here since 1990. ④ What has happened t the USA in the last 350 years?注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如cme, g, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与fr, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别: 延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has cmpleted the wrk. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've knwn him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2) 用于till / until 从句的差异: 延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” ;瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”。 He didn't cme back until ten 'clck. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten ‘clck. 他一直睡到10点。
(3)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,例如: I’ll g t yur hme when I have finished my hmewrk. If it has stpped snwing in the mrning, we’ll g t the park.
(4) have been (t)和have gne (t)的区别: ★have / has been (t) 表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。★have / has gne (t) 表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里。 试比较: He has been t Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 (人已回来,可能在这儿) He has gne t Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 (人已走,不在这儿)。
1. Yu dn't need t describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B ;首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. --- I'm srry t keep yu waiting. --- Oh, nt at all. I ___ here nly a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A ; 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
用法:过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作
常用时间状语:yesterday, last night, tw days ag, in 2000,at that time, befre liberatin,when等引导的含 过去时的句子。
动词构成:动词过去时(--ed) wrked/used t wrk否定构成:didn’t+动原 didn’t wrk used nt(didn’t use) t wrk一般疑问构成及简答举例:Did+主语+动原+其它?
特殊疑问句举例:What did he d yesterday? When did he get up this mrning?
用法:过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作
常用时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten ’clck yesterday或when引导的从句
动词构成: was/were+现在分词(--ing)
以wrk为例:was/were wrking否定构成: was/were nt+现在分词
一般疑问构成及简答举例:
Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它?
Yes,I was. N,I wasn’t.
特殊疑问句举例: What were yu dng this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in?
1、概念:表示过去的过去。
-----------|----------------|--------------------|----> 那时以前 那时 现在 其结构是:had + 过去分词
2、过去完成时的用法: (1)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用by, befre, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end f last year we had built five new huses. I had learnt 5000 wrds befre I entered the university.
(2)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Befre he slept, he had wrked fr 12 hurs. (3)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the plice arrived, the thieves had run away.
用法:将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语:this evening,tmrrw,next mnth,in a few minutes,at the end f this term
动词构成: 1.will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are ging t+动词原型 3.am/is/are(abut)+动词不定式 4.am/is/are+cming等现在分词
以wrk为例:will/shall wrk am/is/are ging t wrk
am/is/are(abut) t wrk am/is/are cming/leaving…否定构成:will/shall nt… am/is/are nt…
特殊疑问句举例: What will yu d tmrrw?
When are we ging t have a class meeting?
备注:在if条件或as sn as等时间状语从句中用一般现 在时代替一般将来时。
一、基本概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。 1) He said his mther wuld buy a bike fr him 2) My brther tld me he wuldn’t believe Jack any mre.
二、基本形式: wuld/shuld+动词原形(其中 wuld 用于各种人称, shuld 常用于第一人称)。例如: They were sure they wuld win the final victry.他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。 He didn't expect that we shuld(wuld)all be there.他没想到我们都在那里。 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 wuld win 和 shuld(wuld)be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和 didn't expect 相对应。
三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式: 1.was/were+ging t+动词原形 He said he was ging t try. 他说他准备试试。 2.was/were+t+动词原形 They said the railway was t be pened t traffic n May Day. 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3.was/were abut+动词原形 We were abut t g ut when it began t rain. 我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。 4.过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如 g,cme, leave,start, pen,begin 等)也可用于表示将来。 I didn't knw when they were cming again. 我不知道他们什么时候再来。
四、用法注意点: 1.在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如: He said he wuld cme t see yu when he had time. 他说他有时间就来看望你。 2.“wuld+动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,都可用wuld。 When he was a child he wuld get up early. 他年幼时,总是很早起床。
1. The ld man _____ tw days after he had been sent t hspital. A. died B. wuld die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDnald gave up smking fr a while, but sn ______ t his ld ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _____ my sn _____ a dctr, but he wasn’t gd enugh at science. A. hped; wuld becme B. had hped; wuld becme C. had hped; will becme D. hpe; will becme 4. I _____ t take a gd hliday this year, but I wasn’t able t get away. A. hpe B. have hped C. had hped D. hped 5. Helen _____ her key in the ffice s she had t wait until her husband _____ hme. A. has left; cmes B. left; had cme C. had left; came D. had left; wuld cme
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, last week,…ag, in1980, in Octber, just nw, 具体的时间状语。◎ 共同的时间状语有:this mrning, tnight, this April, nw, nce,befre, already, recently,lately等。 ◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有:fr, since, s far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up t nw, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。
请认真分析比较下列各例句: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) She has returned frm Paris. (她已从巴黎回来了。) She returned yesterday. (她是昨天回来了。) He has been in the League fr three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He jined the League three years ag. ( 三年前入团,jined为短暂行为。)注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。例如:(错)Tm has written a letter t his parents last night.(对)Tm wrte a letter t his parents last night.
用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。 When she saw the muse,she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lst it.2) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher tld us that Clumbus discvered America in 1492.
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