直接引语和间接引语知识点梳理-2022届高考英语语法微专题

这是一份直接引语和间接引语知识点梳理-2022届高考英语语法微专题，共9页。
直接引语和间接引语（一）：直接引语是陈述句或疑问句转换成间接引语的方法
一．直接引语是陈述句转换成间接引语的方法
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人所说的话，叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语通常是将原句变成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后都要加引号，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，宾语从句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等都要发生相应的变化。
1．人称的变化
把直接引语中的第一人称变为与引述部分主语相一致的人称；把直接引语中的第二人称变为与引述部分的宾语相一致的人称；直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，仍用第三人称。
e.g.1)He said ,“ I like singing.”他说：“我非常喜欢唱歌。”－→
He said he liked singing.他说他非常喜欢唱歌。
2)She said t me ,“I used yur ruler withut asking.”她说：“未经允许，我用了你的小尺。” －→
She tld me that she had used my ruler withut asking.她告诉我说她未经允许用了我的小尺。
3)Tm said ,“Jhn is a gd teacher.” 汤姆说：“约翰是一个好老师。”－→
Tm said Jhn was a gd teacher. 汤姆说约翰还是一个好老师。
2．时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时态的变化如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
一般将来时→过去将来时
一般过去时→过去完成时
现在完成时→过去完成时
过去完成时→过去完成时(不变化)
e.g.1)She said, “I am afraid I can’t pass the exam.” －→
She said that she was afraid she culdn’t pass the exam.
(一般现在时→一般过去时)
2)He said, “I’m reading newspapers.” －→
He said that he was reading newspapers.
(现在进行时→过去进行时)
3)He said, “I will g abrad fr further study.” －→
He said that he wuld g abrad fr further study.
(一般将来时→过去将来时)
4)She said, “I finished my hmewrk.” －→
She said she had finished her hmewrk.
(一般过去时→过去完成时)
5)He said, “I have learnt 5000 English wrds.” －→
He said he had learnt 5000 English wrds.
(现在完成时→过去完成时)
6)She said, “I had recgnized the by.”
She said she had recgnized the by.
(过去完成时→过去完成时)
3．指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化
this－→that （这个－→那个）
these－→thse（这些－→那些）
nw－→then （现在－→那时）
tday－→that day(今天－→那天)
yesterday－→the day befre (昨天－→前一天)
tmrrw－→the next(fllwing) day (明天－→第二天)
here－→there (这里－→那里)
cme－→g (来－→去)
e.g.1)He said , “I will see yu ff this afternn.” －→
He said that she wuld see me ff that afternn.
2)She said , “These prblems are easy.” －→
She said that thse prblems were easy.
3)She said , “It is dark nw.” －→
She said it was dark then.
4)She said, “I haven’t finished my wrk tday.” －→
She said that she hadn’t finished her wrk that day.
5)He said, “ I will visit the Great Wall tmrrw.” －→
He said he wuld visit the Great Wall the next/fllwing day.
6)He said, “my wife returned frm Lndn 40 minutes ag.” －→
He said his wife had returned frm Lndn 40 minutes befre.
7)She said, “a dg is here.” －→
She said a dg was there.
8)He said, “I will cme here t help yu this afternn.” －→
He said that he wuld g there t help yu that afternn.
4.特殊情况：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。(2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词cme 不必改为g. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tmrrw 等时间状语也不必改变。
e.g.1)He said, “The earth travels arund the sun.” －→
He said that the earth travels arund the sun.
2)The teacher said, “light travels much faster than sund.” －→
The teacher said that light travels much faster than sund.
二．直接引语是疑问句转换成间接引语的方法
当直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要按照不同的疑问句类型进行转变。
1．一般疑问句变为由“if／ whether引导的从句”。
2．选择疑问句变为由“whether．．．r．．．／whether．．．r nt引导的从句”。
3．反意疑问句变为由“if／ whether或that引导的从句”。要视说话者的语气而定。
4．特殊疑问词开头的问句变为“该特殊疑问词引导的从句”。
e.g.1)He said, “ are yu tired?” －→
He said that whether/if I was tired.
2)“Is she a teacher r a writer?” the by asked me．－→
The by asked me whether she was a teacher r a writer．
3)“Yu have never visited Beijing，have yu？”I asked the freigner．－→
I asked the freigner if／whether he had never visited Beijing.
4) “when d yu g hme?” he asked me. －→
He asked me when I went hme.
直接引语和间接引语（二）：直接引语是祈使句转换成间接引语的方法
转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带t 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, rder等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加nt.
e.g.1)He said t us，“please sit dwn.”－→
He asked us t sit dwn.
2)She said t her sn, “g away.” －→
She rdered her sn t g away.
3) “Dn’t make any nise.” she said t me. －→
She tld me nt t make any nise.
4)My mther said t me, “Clse the dr,will yu?” －→
My mther asked me t clse the dr.
现在进行时的用法：
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，它由“be+ding”构成。具体用法如下：
1．表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作。这时常与表示现在的时间状语nw,right nw,at the mment等连用。
e.g.1)He is listening t the radi nw.
他正在听收音机。
2)Lk! They are walking acrss the rad.
看！他们正在步行横穿马路。
3)Listen! My sister is laughing.
听！我姐姐正在笑。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作。这时常与表示一段时间的时间状语this week,this mnth,these days等连用。
e.g.1)They are planting trees these days.
这些天他们正在植树。
2)I am preparing fr the exam this week.
这周我正在准备考试。
3)The citizens in Beijing are learning English this mnth.
这个月北京的市民正在学习英语。
3．有时，现在进行时可以代替一般将来时，用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作。此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用。能这样使用的动词有：g,cme,leave,stay,start,arrive,drive,fly,get等。
e.g.1)It is t late.I am ging hme.
太晚了，我要回家了。
2)Wh is seeing yu ff at the airprt?
谁将在机场为你送行？
3)My father is leaving fr Shanghai tmrrw.
我父亲明天将动身去上海。
4．现在进行时与always,cnstantly等表示频率的副词连用时，不表示动作正在发生或将于发生，而是表示现阶段经常发生的动作，同时带有责怪，赞赏，厌恶，斥责等感情色彩。
e.g.1)Yu are always making mistakes.
你总是犯错误！
2)He is always helping thers.
他总是帮助别人。
3)My sister is cnstantly leaving her things abut.
我姐姐经常乱扔东西。
4)My father is always smking.
我父亲总吸烟。