初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Unit 1 What’s the matter?Section A教学课件ppt
展开Grammar: Mdal verbs
情态动词有一定的意义无人称和数的变化通常不带t 表示说话人的语气或情绪
1.Ability (能力):
Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 secnds.
1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许 。
Learning English _____ be difficult.
Man can nt live withut air.
_______ I use yur bike?
2.在疑问句中,用culd可表示请求,语气较委婉。
— ____I have the televisin n?— Yes, yu _____. / N, yu _____
He asks if he ____ smke here.
can’t/I’m afraid nt
3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
He’s such a nice persn that he ______ cmmit the crime.
你怎么会如此地粗心!
Hw can yu be s careless!
Can this be true?
4. can never/can’t……t表示“无论怎样…也不过分”,“越…越好” 。
你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。
Yu can’t be t careful while crssing the rad.
can/be able t区别:
Edisn always wndered why hens culd hatch (孵) chickens while he was nt able t.
Questin: Are the tw mdal verbs interchangeable (互换) ? If nt, why?
can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能,而be able t更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力,或者在某个客观的场合和背景下,能做到的事情。
1. can 和 be able t1) can (culd) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在时和过去时。2) be able t可以用于各种时态。
只用be able t的情况: a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去成功地做了某事时,只能用 was/ were able t,不能用culd。
A big fire brke ut in ABC htel yesterday. Luckily, everyne __________ run ut f the building.
2. She _____ speak bth English and French.
1. They will ______ run this machine n their wn in three mnths. A. can B. culd C. may D. be able t2. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 peple. A. can B. shuld C. ught t D. is able t
3.(2007福建)My MP4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ___I have put it? A. can B. must C. shuld D. wuld
4. A left-luggage ffice is a place where bags ____be left fr a shrt time, especially at a railway statin. A. shuld B. can C. must D. will
5. Hw ___ yu say that yu really understand the whle stry if yu have cvered nly part f the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may
6. Mike ___ be a pliceman, fr he is much t shrt. A. needn’t B. can’t C. shuld D. may
7. — I heard they went skiing in the muntains last winter. — It ____ true because there was little snw there. A. may nt be B. wn’t be C. culdn’t be D. mustn’t be
I’m s tired! I have t d the training fr at least 10 hurs a day!
2.Obligatin (义务):
…yet he must wrk hard t win the gld medal.
Althugh Liu Xiang is s gifted in hurdle race…
advisability
ught t/shuld
Yur mther brings yu up and takes gd care f yu, s when she is ld, yu ___ lk after her in return.
A. can B. may C. have t D. must
Shi Dngpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.
Althugh the chance f winning a medal is small, I’ll try my best!
3.Certainty (可能性) :
very uncertain
almst certain
1.He _____ be at hme.
2.He _____ be at hme, fr he just called me frm his hme 15 secnds ag.
A.may B.might C.must
must 表示肯定的猜测,译为“一定”,不能用于否定句或疑问句。This must be yur pen.He must be ding his hmewrk nw.He must have arrived already.
2. 表示“坚持”(常用于固定句型:if yu must d sth. 如果你非得要做某事)
如果你真的要走,那就悄悄离开。
If yu must leave, d it quietly.
4.Permissin (允许):
May I eat KFC if I win the gld medal?
1. 表示许可。表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些。
— Might/May I use yur cmputer? — Yes, yu can./N, yu can’t/mustn’t.
2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
3.表示推测、可能(只用于肯定句,疑问句则要用can或culd)。
May yu succeed.
He may be very busy nw.
May yu be happy all yur life.
2) 成语:may/might as well,后面接不带t 的不定式,意为"不妨"。e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try.
5.Making requests (提出要求):
Can yu help me with my training?
I dn’t knw hw t use this equipment!
will can culd wuld
6.Making suggestins (提出建议):
Shall we d the training in the mrning?
It’s t ht t take exercise in the afternn.
1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。
1.Shall we begin ur lessn? 2.When shall he be allwed t leave hspital? 3.Shall I carry this bag fr yu?
2.Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Yu shall fail if yu dn‘t wrk harder. He shall be punished accrding t the rule. 等我读完这本书,就会给他的。
He shall have the bk when I finish it.
7.Making ffers (提供帮助):
Dn’t wrry, dear, I will wash them right away.
Mm, my dirty clthes have been piled up! I dn’t have time……
1. 表示请求、建议等,wuld比will委婉客气。
sentence pattern
Wuld yu please…
Wuld yu mind…
Wuld rather…
Wuld yu like…
2.表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never d that again.
3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。
1).The ld man _____have a smke under a big tree every afternn after he finished his farm wrk.
2).门就是打不开 !
The dr wn’t pen.
I will g t the park with yu tmrrw if yu will ffer me lunch.
Questin: Is this sentence crrect? Why?
8.Giving advice (提出意见):
Yu shuld nt/ught nt t eat s much befre running.
Hw delicius!!!
1.Shuld表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ught t;在疑问句中,通常用shuld代替ught…t。
Shuld I pen the windw?
我们应当要相互学习。
We shuld learn frm each ther.
ught t have dne sth.\shuld have dne sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
Yu ught t (shuld) have beenmre careful in this experiment. He ught nt t have thrwn the ldclthes away.(事实上已扔了。)注: ught t 在语气上比shuld 要强。
2.情态动词shuld用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Rse—Sure. By the way, wh is yur idl?Jack—Liu Xiang, I shuld say.
I shuld advise yu nt t d that again.
3. shuld表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “居然,竟然”。 I can’t believe such a gentleman shuld be s rude t the ld. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。
4. shuld 表示猜测时,一般指按经验或逻辑判断,翻译成“照说应该,估计,想必”
---When can I cme fr the phts ? I need them tmrrw afternn. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. shuld C. might D. need
3. have t和must1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have t 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要。2)have t有人称、数、时态的变化,而must 只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
3) 在否定结构中:dn’t have t 表示“不必”;mustn’t 表示”禁止”。 Yu dn’t have t tell him abut it. Yu mustn’t tell him abut it.
needn’t 没必要 ( = dn’t have t )can’t 不能; 不可能may nt 可能不shuldn’t 不应该 ( = ught nt t )
8. Yu ______ return the bk nw. Yu can keep it till next week if yu like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may nt9. Jhnny, yu _____play with the knife, yu _____hurt yurself. A. wn’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may C. shuldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shuldn’t
--- Culd I have a wrd with yu, mum?--- Oh dear, if yu _____.A. can B. mustC. may D. shuld
used t / wuld
used t表达存在于过去但现在不再存在的一种习惯或情况。
Jack used t live in Chicag.
Used t表达过去存在的某种情况时,wuld不能替代它。
I used t live in Califrnia.They used t have a Frd.
wuld可以用于表达过去定期重复的一个动作。 表达这个概念时,wuld 和 used t 相同。
When I was a child, my father wuld / used t read me a stry at night befre bed.
9. need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带t,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的t时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词: need+ n. / t d sth.2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加d,否定形式为need ---- Need yu g yet? ---- Yes, I must. / N, I needn't.3) need, want, require, wrth(形容词)后面接ding也可以表示被动。 need ding = need t be dne
四. 可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need 、 dare
情态动词 (+动词原形)
1.无人称和数的变化;
*在if/whether之后;
*或与hardly, never, n ne, nbdy连用;
3.常以needn’t 和daren’t 的形式出现;
4.dare有其过去时dared.
多用于肯定句; (sb.) need t d dare t d(sth.) need t be dne (sth.) need ding
3.cugh and sre thrat
5.cut myself
a.lie dwn and rest
b.drink sme ht tea with hney
c.see a dentist and get an X-ray
d.take yur temperature
e.put sme medicine n it
lie v.平躺 (lay,lain, lying )lie dwnHe is lying n the rad.lie vi 撒谎;说谎(lied,lying) n. 谎言;假话lay v.产卵;下蛋(laid,laid)X-ray n. X光He hurt his leg just nw, let him get a X-ray.
ache 、sre和hurt 的区别: 1. ache 是一个名词后缀,如: tthache , headache ; 2 . sre形容词,修饰名词,指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。如:sre back, sre thrat 3. hurt动词,指“刺痛,使受伤痛”。如:He hurts his leg.他伤了腿。还可以说“His leg hurts.”他腿疼。
have a bad cld
have a high fever
be in a fever
一般情况下用have+a+n. 表示患了某种疾病。
matter cn.毛病;麻烦事 What’s the matter (with sb.)?用于询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了某种麻烦。=What’s wrng with yu? =What ‘s yur truble?
matter vi. 要紧;有关系 主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。eg: It desn't matter.
n matter 与wh,what, where等连用,相当于whever,whatever,wherever等,可引导让步状语从句。eg:Dn't speak ludly,n matter where yu are.
1.t much相当于一个副词,修饰动词,放在后面作状语,意为“太多”。eg:Eating t much is bad fr yur health.
2.enugh adj. 足够的;充足的。修饰名词时,常放在前,有时也放在名词后。eg:I have enugh mney. adv. 足够地;充足地,修饰adj./adv.或v., 位置后置eg:It is gd enugh fr me.
be+adj.+enugh+t d不能足够。。。,不能做某事
I wnder if Jay will cme t ur schl this weekend.-----If he ______,we will be very excited.if 是否,引导宾语从句if 如果,引导条件状语从句 主将从现
take breaks 休息We take a break every frty-five minutes.withut prep. =/= with 没有I went t schl with having breakfast.
when 这时I was taking a shwer when the bell rang.see sb ding sth 看见某人正在做某事When I came in , I saw sme children playing in the garden.think twice 认真思考Yu shuld think twice befre yu make this decisin.
t ne’s surprise eg:T my surprise , the lazy by helped his mther d the husewrk every day.
agree with,agree t, agree n 的区分agree with 接“人”或“意见”agree t 接“计划”或“建议”agree n 接“日期”或“条款”
He gt ff and asked the wman what happened.get ff 为“动词+副词”结构的短语,意为“下车”get n 登上(汽车、火车)+较大的交通工具get int 进入+较小的交通工具get ut f 从。。。下来
happen vi 发生表示“某人或某物发生某事”时,用“Sth happens t sb./sth”来表达。当happen作“碰巧”讲时,常用句型“Sb. happens t d sth.”和“It happens+that”从句来表达
thanks t sb/sth 多亏eg:Tday ,thanks t the Internet , we can shp frm hme.
thanks fr 感谢
in time与n timein time 及时n time 准时,指按计划做某事
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