初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Section A多媒体教学课件ppt

这是一份初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Section A多媒体教学课件ppt，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了助动词，for，since，ever，just，already，yet，改写句子，has，returned等内容，欢迎下载使用。
现在完成时态 present perfect
Grammar Fcus
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构： 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,befre,yet等状语连用。
2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与fr或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
have breakfast
I have just had my breakfast.
I’m nt hungry nw
mved herein 2004
I still live here
I have lived here fr three years.
I have lived here since 2004/three years ag.
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing fr five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: cme, g , leave, arrive, buy, lse, receive, jin, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与fr …, since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
不能说: *He has cme t Beijing fr tw years. *He has bught that bk fr three weeks. *He has jined the Army fr ne and a half years.*His grandma has died fr nine mnths.* I have received his letter fr a mnth.可以说:He has been in Beijing fr tw years. He has had that bk fr three weeks. He has been in the army fr ne and a half years. His grandma has been dead fr nine mnths.I haven't received his letter fr almst a mnth.
或者说：It is tw years since he came t Beijing. It is three weeks since he bught that bk.It is ne and a half years since he jined the Army. It is nine mnths since his grandma died.
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my rm. (My rm is clean nw.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my rm last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gne t Amy. (He went t Amy and he is nt here nw.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bught a dictinary. (They bught a dictinary and they have it nw.) 他们买了一本字典。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, tw days ag, just nw, when she came in 等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, smetimes, always, ften, befre, nce, twice, recently, lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：tday, this mrning, this week, this year等)连用。
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？
She has already finished her wrk. 她已经把工作做完了。I haven’t read the stry yet. 我还没读过这个故事。Have yu met him befre? 你从前曾见过他吗？Lily has always been a gd student. Lily一直是个好学生。比较：I have seen him this mrning .我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)I saw him this mrning.今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cld this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)
4. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念, 有时两者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时, 多用现在完成时; 如着重表示动作一直在进行, 即动作的延续性时, 则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。
现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
have / has + V过去分词
I have waited fr him fr many times. 我等他等了好几次了。I have been waiting fr him fr an hur. 我等他等了一小时。He has drunk six cups f cffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking cffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。
1.My father came back frm the bkshp just nw. My father ______ just ________ ______ the bk began t learn Chinese in 2001. He _____ _______ Chinese since film began tw minutes ag. The film _____ ______ ______ since tw minutes has had the mtrbike fr tw years. It’s tw years ______he ________ the mtrbike. He ________ the mtrbike tw years ______. Tw years ______ ______ since he ______ the mtr bike.
has been n
1. A: Wuld yu like smething t drink? B: N, thanks. _______________________ (just/drink sme tea)2. A: I heard yu lst yur key. __________________? (find) B: N, nt yet.3. A: D yu knw when Tm is leaving? B:___________________ . (already/leave)
4a. Use the wrds in brackets t cmplete the cnversatins.
I’ve just drunk sme tea
Have yu fund it
He has already left
A: When _________________ ? (leave) B: This mrning.4. A: Is yur sister ging t the mvies with us tnight? B: N. _________________________ . (already/see the film)5. A: What d yur parents think abut ur plan?B: I ____________________. (nt/tell them/yet)
did he leave
She has already seen the film
have nt tld them yet
Sally_______ (lve) reading. In the mrning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads bks. She _____ already ______ (read) mre than 100 different bks! Her favrite kind f bks is science fictin. She is interested in science and technlgy and lves t imagine
4b. Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the wrds in brackets.
has read
what the wrld_______ (be) like in 50 years. She __________ (finish) reading a bk abut rbts last week and _____________(write) a bk reprt abut it next week fr her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally lks at the many bks she_____________ (nt read) yet and she can’t wait t read them!
has nt read
4c. Cmplete the chart with infrmatin abut yu and a friend.
A: What bks have yu already read?B: I’ve already read Tm Sawyer and Harry Ptter.A: What d yu think f them?B: Well, I think Harry Ptter was exciting, but Tm Sawyer was a bit bring.
1. I ________heard f that stry befre.A. dn’t have B. nt have C. have nt D. nt t have2. She’ s never been t that factry,_________?A. is she B. was she C. des she D. has she3. Have yu made dumplings__________? N, I haven’t.A. just nw B. yesterday C. ag D. befre4. Tm________ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be5. Hw lng have yu_ ________ Nanjing?A. gne t B. been t C .been in D. went t
6. Hw many times has Jim _______that park? Twice. A. gne t B. been t C. been in D. went t7. I’ve______ this dictinary fr half a year. A. bught B. had C. lended D. brrwed8. She wn’t g t the cinema this evening because she ________the film befre. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing
1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（pst）4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。
She has been a nurse fr three years.
I have knwn Lilei since five years ag.
I have already psted the phts t him.
He has taught me since I came t the schl.
I have just lst my histry bk.
1.I brrwed the library bk tw days ag. I _______ _______the library bk________ tw meeting started ten minutes ag.A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ag.B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
have kept
has been n
3.My brther jined the Party last year. A. My brther _________ _________ ________the Party since last year. B. My brther__________ ________ _______ party member since last left Nanjing tw years ag. He_________ _________ ________ ________Nanjing fr tw years.
has been in
has been a
has been away frm
5. That dg died last mnth. That dg_______ ________ ________since last mnth.6. He has had the bike fr tw years. A. Tw years______ _______since he ________the bike. B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike. C. He _______the bike tw years__________.
has been dead
has passed
tw years bught
bught ag
Try yur best t learn mre abut the usagef has /have dne. Then make cnversatinswith the bks’ name in this unit.