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初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar课前预习ppt课件
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这是一份初中英语牛津译林版八年级下册Grammar课前预习ppt课件，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了+ 过去分词，Speaking，have Pizza，had Pizza等内容，欢迎下载使用。
yetrecentlypast
adv. 还，仍adv. 近来，最近adj. 过去的
T learn t use the present perfect tenseT learn t frm the past participles f regular verbsT learn t frm the past participles f irregular verbs
Present Perfect Tense
语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。
Lk at the fllwing sentences.
1. We haven't gt much tea r cffee, and we haven't gt any sugar r jam. (新概念1 L79)2. I've already had my hliday this year. (新概念1 L83)3. Have yur mechanics (机修工) finished yet? (新概念1 L87)4. He has always been a gd neighbur. (新概念1 L91)
5. I have just arrived in Sctland and I'm staying at a Yuth Hstel (青年旅社). (新概念1 L101)6. Have yu finished already? (新概念1 L125)7. — Eddie, have yu seen my fd? (P6) — Yes, I’ve just eaten it. — What? Yu’ve eaten my fd? Why? 8. — Yu’ve changed, Eddie. Yu used t share fd with me! — Yu’ve changed t. Yu used t be s kind t me. (P6)
9. I’ve lived here since I was brn. (P8)10. Have yu ever mved huse? (P8)11. …, my wife and I mved tw blcks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. (P8)12. Has the twn changed a lt ver the years? (P8)13. Nw, the gvernment has turned part f the twn centre int a new park. (P8)14. Hwever, mst f my ld friends have mved away. (P9)
Guessing Game
t test yur sense f bservatint test yur ability f shrt-term memry t test yur ability t highlight the language pints
1. We ___________ much tea r cffee, and we ___________ any sugar r jam. 2. I___ already ____ my hliday this year. 3. _____ yur mechanics ________ yet? 4. He ____ always _____ a gd neighbur. 5. I _____ just ________ in Sctland and I'm staying at a Yuth Hstel. 6. _____ yu ________ already?
Fill in the blanks.
7. — Eddie, _____ yu _____ my fd? — Yes, I___ just _____ it. — What? Yu________ my fd? Why? 8. — Yu___________, Eddie. Yu used t share fd with me! — Yu___________ t. Yu used t be s kind t me. 9. I________ here since I was brn. 10. _____ yu ever _______ huse?
’ve changed
11. …, my wife and I mved tw blcks away and we________ in this area since then. 12. ____ the twn ________ a lt ver the years? 13. Nw, the gvernment __________ part f the twn centre int a new park. 14. Hwever, mst f my ld friends ___________ away.
1. — Yu wrk in Luyang, dn’t yu? — Yes. I ______ in this city fr three years. A. wrk B. wrked C. have wrked D. will wrk2. The bk is very thin, but Jack thinks it’s the best bk that he ______. A. read B. has read C. will read D. reads
3. — Wuld yu like t g and see Despicable Me 2 with me tnight? — I’d like t, but I ______ it twice. A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。
We use the present perfect tense t talk abut an actin that started in the past and cntinues t the present.
I have lived here since I was brn.
He has lived here since he came t Nanjing.
We use the present perfect tense t talk abut an actin that happened in the past and has a cnnectin with the present.
Eddie has just eaten Hb’s fd.(Eddie ate the fd, and nw Hb has nthing t eat.)I have lst my mbile phne.(I lst my mbile phne, and nw I have n mbile phne t use.)
We als use the present perfect tense t talk abut hw many times an actin has happened till nw.
I have already read this bk many times.
We can use these time expressins with the present perfect tense.
already yet ever never just recently since fr
现在完成时--与already，yet，ever，never，just，recently连用
1. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。 I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。2. yet 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。 Has Linda read the bk yet? 琳达已看过这本书了吗? 2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He has nt begun t wrk yet. 他还未开始工作。
3. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句 Have yu ever wanted t travel arund the wrld? 你曾经想要周游世界吗？4. never 从来没有，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他从未见过这么高的楼。 5. just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中 I havejust finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。
6. recently 不久前，最近 I haven’t seen them recently. 我近来没见过他们。 Have yu used it recently? 你最近用过它么？
since, fr的用法详见下单元语法课件。
1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一, 二人称单, 复数）+ have （第三人称复数） + have （第三人称单数） + has
e.g.I have finished my hmewrk.He has written six pems. They have seen that film.
2. 现在完成时的否定句句型 主语 + have / has + nt + 过去分词 + ……e.g.I have nt seen the mvie yet.He hasn’t cme here yet.
hasn’t = has nthaven’t = have nt
3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ……Yes, 主语 + have / has.N, 主语 + have / has yu finished the wrk?Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.Has she arrived here?Yes, she has. / N, she hasn’t.
规则动词的过去分词的构成
大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如： wrk→wrked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如： clse→clsed like→liked agree→agreed mve→mved
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改 为i再加ed；例如： study→studied carry→carried try→tried wrry→wrried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾 的辅音字母再加-ed；例如： stp→stpped drp→drpped
不规则动词的过去分词的构成
有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如： put→put hurt→hurt becme→becme run→run2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如： sit→sat win→wn hld→held3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如： lend→lent spend→spent send→sent
还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。（课本第122-123页）
4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如： keep→kept sleep→slept 5. 过去分词以aught或ught结尾；例如： teach→taught buy→bught 6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如： say→said pay→paid7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如： give→given eat→eaten
An exampleM: _____ yu _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: N, I haven’t. What abut yu?M: I _____ (see) ne last Saturday. S: What’s it abut?M: It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century. Frm this film, I __________ (learn) mre abut Beijing’s past and present.S: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) abut the film. D yu plan t see it again.M: Yes, I’d like t.
have learnt
Let’s practise
A: Have yu …? B: Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.A: Has he / she …? B: Yes, he / she has. N, he / she hasn’t.
brush yur teeth
brushed yur teeth
A: Have yu …? B: Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.
read the bk
A: Has she …? B: Yes, she has. / N, she hasn’t.
A: Have they …? B: Yes, they have. / N, they haven’t.
Making sentencesMr. Wu asks the students t cmpletethe sentences belw using the present perfect tense. Help them cmplete the sentences.
1. They ____________ (finish) their hmewrk already.2. Jhn _____ never _______ (visit) China.3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) ver ten bicycles since Mnday.4. We ____________ (nt see) each ther fr years.5. My parents _____________ (cme) back yet.6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lt abut the histry f China.
have finished
have nt cme
have nt seen
has repaired
has visited
Present Perfect Tense - Mind map
Time fr reflectin
— _______ yu ever _______ with a grup? — Yes, I have. A. Did, study B. Are, studying C. Were, studying D. Have, studied2. — Lucy, _____ yu ____ yur ticket? — Nt yet. A. did; find B. have; fund C. has; fund D. d; find
I. Multiple chice.
3. My grandmther ______ a lt f changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津) A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ mre than ten bks since 1980. (2011北京) A. writes B. wrte C. has written D. will write
5. — Why wn’t yu g t the mvie with me, Gina? — Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see6. — China develps s fast. — That’s true. It ______ a lt already. (2011安徽芜湖) A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
7. — I’d like t intrduce my best friend t yu, Peter. — Thank yu, Lucy. But we ______ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met8. Since 2000, Jingmen has becme a new city. Everything ______. (2013湖北荆州) A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
9. Julia isn’t ging t the cinema with us because she ______ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen10. — Lk at these stamps. I _______ them fr five years. — Ww, they are wnderful. (2013湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have bught
1. I ________ (have) dinner. I am full.2. We _________ (read) this stry.3. They ________ (see) the mvie.4. She __________ (buy) sme nice tys.5. Hurry up! Lunch _____ already ______ (begin).6. We ___________ (wash) ur clthes. They’re clean nw.7. _____ he ever _______ (ride) a bike?
have washed
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. I’ve already had dinner. (否) I ________ _____ dinner _____.2. He has just finished his hmewrk. (否) He ______ _______ his hmewrk ___.3. Mum has cked the dinner. (否) Mum _______ _______ the dinner.4. I have dne my hmewrk. (疑) _____ yu dne yur hmewrk ___?5. I have ridden a hrse. (疑) _____ yu _____ ridden a hrse?
hasn’t cked
III. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。
IV. Put the fllwing sentences int English.
1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？ ______ _______ __________ making the birthday card ______?2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。 I _______ _______ ________ breakfast, and nw I am nt hungry at all.3. — 你这周日准备做什么？— 还没决定。 — What are yu ging t d this Sunday? — I _______ ________ ___.
have already eaten
Have yu finished
haven’t decided yet
4. — 你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么？ — 是的，我已经读过好多遍了。 — _____ yu _____ the bk Harry Prter? — Yes, I _____ _______ ______ it several times.5. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 He _____ _____ here since 1978.
Have read
have already read
has lived
T preview Integrated skills n Pages 15 and 16T talk abut the changes in yur life
yetrecentlypast
adv. 还，仍adv. 近来，最近adj. 过去的
T learn t use the present perfect tenseT learn t frm the past participles f regular verbsT learn t frm the past participles f irregular verbs
Present Perfect Tense
语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。
Lk at the fllwing sentences.
1. We haven't gt much tea r cffee, and we haven't gt any sugar r jam. (新概念1 L79)2. I've already had my hliday this year. (新概念1 L83)3. Have yur mechanics (机修工) finished yet? (新概念1 L87)4. He has always been a gd neighbur. (新概念1 L91)
5. I have just arrived in Sctland and I'm staying at a Yuth Hstel (青年旅社). (新概念1 L101)6. Have yu finished already? (新概念1 L125)7. — Eddie, have yu seen my fd? (P6) — Yes, I’ve just eaten it. — What? Yu’ve eaten my fd? Why? 8. — Yu’ve changed, Eddie. Yu used t share fd with me! — Yu’ve changed t. Yu used t be s kind t me. (P6)
9. I’ve lived here since I was brn. (P8)10. Have yu ever mved huse? (P8)11. …, my wife and I mved tw blcks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. (P8)12. Has the twn changed a lt ver the years? (P8)13. Nw, the gvernment has turned part f the twn centre int a new park. (P8)14. Hwever, mst f my ld friends have mved away. (P9)
Guessing Game
t test yur sense f bservatint test yur ability f shrt-term memry t test yur ability t highlight the language pints
1. We ___________ much tea r cffee, and we ___________ any sugar r jam. 2. I___ already ____ my hliday this year. 3. _____ yur mechanics ________ yet? 4. He ____ always _____ a gd neighbur. 5. I _____ just ________ in Sctland and I'm staying at a Yuth Hstel. 6. _____ yu ________ already?
Fill in the blanks.
7. — Eddie, _____ yu _____ my fd? — Yes, I___ just _____ it. — What? Yu________ my fd? Why? 8. — Yu___________, Eddie. Yu used t share fd with me! — Yu___________ t. Yu used t be s kind t me. 9. I________ here since I was brn. 10. _____ yu ever _______ huse?
’ve changed
11. …, my wife and I mved tw blcks away and we________ in this area since then. 12. ____ the twn ________ a lt ver the years? 13. Nw, the gvernment __________ part f the twn centre int a new park. 14. Hwever, mst f my ld friends ___________ away.
1. — Yu wrk in Luyang, dn’t yu? — Yes. I ______ in this city fr three years. A. wrk B. wrked C. have wrked D. will wrk2. The bk is very thin, but Jack thinks it’s the best bk that he ______. A. read B. has read C. will read D. reads
3. — Wuld yu like t g and see Despicable Me 2 with me tnight? — I’d like t, but I ______ it twice. A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。
We use the present perfect tense t talk abut an actin that started in the past and cntinues t the present.
I have lived here since I was brn.
He has lived here since he came t Nanjing.
We use the present perfect tense t talk abut an actin that happened in the past and has a cnnectin with the present.
Eddie has just eaten Hb’s fd.(Eddie ate the fd, and nw Hb has nthing t eat.)I have lst my mbile phne.(I lst my mbile phne, and nw I have n mbile phne t use.)
We als use the present perfect tense t talk abut hw many times an actin has happened till nw.
I have already read this bk many times.
We can use these time expressins with the present perfect tense.
already yet ever never just recently since fr
现在完成时--与already，yet，ever，never，just，recently连用
1. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。 I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。2. yet 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。 Has Linda read the bk yet? 琳达已看过这本书了吗? 2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He has nt begun t wrk yet. 他还未开始工作。
3. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句 Have yu ever wanted t travel arund the wrld? 你曾经想要周游世界吗？4. never 从来没有，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他从未见过这么高的楼。 5. just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中 I havejust finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。
6. recently 不久前，最近 I haven’t seen them recently. 我近来没见过他们。 Have yu used it recently? 你最近用过它么？
since, fr的用法详见下单元语法课件。
1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一, 二人称单, 复数）+ have （第三人称复数） + have （第三人称单数） + has
e.g.I have finished my hmewrk.He has written six pems. They have seen that film.
2. 现在完成时的否定句句型 主语 + have / has + nt + 过去分词 + ……e.g.I have nt seen the mvie yet.He hasn’t cme here yet.
hasn’t = has nthaven’t = have nt
3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + ……Yes, 主语 + have / has.N, 主语 + have / has yu finished the wrk?Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.Has she arrived here?Yes, she has. / N, she hasn’t.
规则动词的过去分词的构成
大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如： wrk→wrked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如： clse→clsed like→liked agree→agreed mve→mved
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改 为i再加ed；例如： study→studied carry→carried try→tried wrry→wrried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾 的辅音字母再加-ed；例如： stp→stpped drp→drpped
不规则动词的过去分词的构成
有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如： put→put hurt→hurt becme→becme run→run2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如： sit→sat win→wn hld→held3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如： lend→lent spend→spent send→sent
还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。（课本第122-123页）
4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如： keep→kept sleep→slept 5. 过去分词以aught或ught结尾；例如： teach→taught buy→bught 6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如： say→said pay→paid7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如： give→given eat→eaten
An exampleM: _____ yu _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: N, I haven’t. What abut yu?M: I _____ (see) ne last Saturday. S: What’s it abut?M: It’s abut the changes in Beijing ver the past century. Frm this film, I __________ (learn) mre abut Beijing’s past and present.S: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) abut the film. D yu plan t see it again.M: Yes, I’d like t.
have learnt
Let’s practise
A: Have yu …? B: Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.A: Has he / she …? B: Yes, he / she has. N, he / she hasn’t.
brush yur teeth
brushed yur teeth
A: Have yu …? B: Yes, I have. / N, I haven’t.
read the bk
A: Has she …? B: Yes, she has. / N, she hasn’t.
A: Have they …? B: Yes, they have. / N, they haven’t.
Making sentencesMr. Wu asks the students t cmpletethe sentences belw using the present perfect tense. Help them cmplete the sentences.
1. They ____________ (finish) their hmewrk already.2. Jhn _____ never _______ (visit) China.3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) ver ten bicycles since Mnday.4. We ____________ (nt see) each ther fr years.5. My parents _____________ (cme) back yet.6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lt abut the histry f China.
have finished
have nt cme
have nt seen
has repaired
has visited
Present Perfect Tense - Mind map
Time fr reflectin
— _______ yu ever _______ with a grup? — Yes, I have. A. Did, study B. Are, studying C. Were, studying D. Have, studied2. — Lucy, _____ yu ____ yur ticket? — Nt yet. A. did; find B. have; fund C. has; fund D. d; find
I. Multiple chice.
3. My grandmther ______ a lt f changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津) A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ mre than ten bks since 1980. (2011北京) A. writes B. wrte C. has written D. will write
5. — Why wn’t yu g t the mvie with me, Gina? — Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see6. — China develps s fast. — That’s true. It ______ a lt already. (2011安徽芜湖) A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
7. — I’d like t intrduce my best friend t yu, Peter. — Thank yu, Lucy. But we ______ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met8. Since 2000, Jingmen has becme a new city. Everything ______. (2013湖北荆州) A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
9. Julia isn’t ging t the cinema with us because she ______ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen10. — Lk at these stamps. I _______ them fr five years. — Ww, they are wnderful. (2013湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have bught
1. I ________ (have) dinner. I am full.2. We _________ (read) this stry.3. They ________ (see) the mvie.4. She __________ (buy) sme nice tys.5. Hurry up! Lunch _____ already ______ (begin).6. We ___________ (wash) ur clthes. They’re clean nw.7. _____ he ever _______ (ride) a bike?
have washed
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. I’ve already had dinner. (否) I ________ _____ dinner _____.2. He has just finished his hmewrk. (否) He ______ _______ his hmewrk ___.3. Mum has cked the dinner. (否) Mum _______ _______ the dinner.4. I have dne my hmewrk. (疑) _____ yu dne yur hmewrk ___?5. I have ridden a hrse. (疑) _____ yu _____ ridden a hrse?
hasn’t cked
III. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。
IV. Put the fllwing sentences int English.
1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？ ______ _______ __________ making the birthday card ______?2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。 I _______ _______ ________ breakfast, and nw I am nt hungry at all.3. — 你这周日准备做什么？— 还没决定。 — What are yu ging t d this Sunday? — I _______ ________ ___.
have already eaten
Have yu finished
haven’t decided yet
4. — 你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么？ — 是的，我已经读过好多遍了。 — _____ yu _____ the bk Harry Prter? — Yes, I _____ _______ ______ it several times.5. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 He _____ _____ here since 1978.
Have read
have already read
has lived
T preview Integrated skills n Pages 15 and 16T talk abut the changes in yur life
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