初中英语语法：被动语态（共27张PPT）

这是一份初中英语语法：被动语态（共27张PPT），共27页。PPT课件主要包含了人家从不听他的话等内容，欢迎下载使用。

动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
一般现在时： am / is / are dne一般过去时： was / were dne现在进行时： am / is / are being dne过去进行时： was / were being dne现在完成时： have / has been dne过去完成时： had been dne一般将来时： shall / will be dne ; be ging t be dne当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have t…be dne
He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。
This bk was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。
The brken bike is being repaired nw. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。
He tld us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。
The pen has been used fr several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。
He said the factry had been pened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。
The wrk will be finished in three hurs. 工作将于三小时后完成。
The baby must be lked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：
(一) 主动句与被动句的转换
1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
Peple speak English almst all ver the wrld. 世界各地都有人讲英语。
当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。
1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；
2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
English is spken almst all ver the wrld.
Peple believe that he is an hnest by. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。
2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换
I gave the bk t Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。
It is believed that he is an hnest by.
The by is believed t be an hnest ne.
Mr. Smith was given a bk yesterday (by me).
The bk was given t Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).
3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。
They have never listened t him.
表示被动意义的主动句：
Cttn feels sft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的苹果容易摘下来。
He has never been listened t.
Rewrite the fllwing sentences in the passive vice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)：
1) They are serving breakfast between eight and ten ’clck.
Breakfast is being served between eight and ten ’clck.
2) Peple were talking abut the unusually ht weather.
The unusually ht weather was being talked abut .
3) His father allws him a little mney every mnth.
A little mney is allwed t him by his father every mnth.
4) The teacher will give yu sme instructins.
Sme instructins will be given t yu. Yu will be given sme instructins.
II. Rewrite the fllwing sentences in the active vice. (用主动语态改写下列句子)
1) Many changes can be seen by the year 2008.
Peple can see many changes by the year 2008.
2) This letter needn’t t be typed.
Yu needn’t type this letter.
有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。
一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, pen, clse, end, finish, stp等。例如：
Schl begins in September. The stres in this area pen later at weekends than at weekdays.
　二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lck等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：
The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smthly. The bkshelf hardly sells.
　三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：lk, feel, smell, taste, sund, prve, appear等。例如：
—D yu like the material? —Yes, it ________ very sft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
Yur idea sunds reasnable. What he said prved t be crrect.
　四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义
　1. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行……处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：
—Yu've cme just in time t help us. —Fine, what requires ding? (=Fine, what requires t be dne?) This sentence needs ________ . A. an imprvement B. imprve C. imprving D. imprved
2. be wrth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
　His suggestin is nt wrth cnsidering.
五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
　1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如：
The next train t arrive was frm New Yrk.
2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。
Please give me smething t eat. I have a lt f wrk t d tday.
　3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系时，一般用主动形式。例如：
His speech in English was difficult t fllw. 　　D yu think him easy t get alng with?
(间接宾语me是t eat的逻辑主语)
(主语I是t d的逻辑主语)
(状语t fllw与主语有动宾关系)
(不定式与宾语有动宾关系)
Drills：A:1.It suddenly snwed while Mary ____fr the B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big pwer statin( )______in my hme twn been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building peple fr sending B.using C.used D.are ld peple_____t plitely?A.speak B.spken C.be spke D.be spken
5.Bike mustn’ up B.be put C.put wman fell ff the bike and ____n the B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The ld man and the children_____in ur take gd care B.must be take gd care fC.must take gd care f Dmust be taken gd care f 8.Granny Wang tld the little children that the sun___Frm the risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen
9.All trees must_____well when it is water B.watering C.water D.be watered10.__I think the shp_____________.__N,it’s pen. It_____________at six. clsedAsked Bwill be asked C.clsed;clsesD.clses;is 11.Yesterday a visitr____smething abut B.will be askedC.was asked D.has been asked.12This bike is made in America. It’s____fr B.using C.t use D.used
B:Answer right r wrng1.必须照看好孩子们。The children must be taken gd care .( )The children must be taken gd care f .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。/3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。This bk was wrte by Lu Xun.( )This bk was written by Lu Xun.( )3.That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( )That pencil was given t me by him yesterday.( )
4.这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike mended?( )Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by they.( )The street has been cleaned by them.( )
1) Hw are yu tday? Oh, I _________ as ill as I d nw fr a very lng time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. dn’t feel D. haven’t felt.
2) Old Mc Dnald gave up smking fr a while, but sn ________ t his ld ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
3) They asked me t have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _____ a gd drink. A. had enjyed B. was enjying C. enjyed D. had been enjying
4) Tm _____ int the huse when n ne______. A. slipped, was lking B. had slipped, lked C. slipped, had lked D. was slipping, lked
5) The pen I _____ I _______ is n my desk, right under my nse. A. think, lst B. thught, had lst C. think, had lst D. thught, have lst
6) I dn’t think Jim saw me; he _______ int space.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared
7) Is his raincat yurs? N, mine _______ there behind the dr. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D hung
8) The price _______, but I dubt whether it will remain s.A. went dwn B. will g dwn C. has gne dwn D. was ging dwn
9) In sme parts f the wrld, tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
10) The train ____ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hur late.A. was abut t B. was likely t C. was suppsed t D. was certain t
11) Peple ften want t knw what my jb is. Often I _______ that questin.A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking
12) The new dictinaries are very useful. They ____ well and _______ already.A. sell, have been sld ut B. sld, had sld ut C. sell, sell ut D. are sld, have been sld ut