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精品解析：2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题（解析版+原卷版）
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2019-2020 学年鼓楼区中考二模试卷
选择题
一、单项选择
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Because of COVID-19, this summer holiday will begin ________ July 18.
A. on B. in C. for D. at
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：由于新冠病毒，这个暑假将于7月18日开始。
考查介词辨析。on用于具体某一天；in用在年，季节和月份等前面；for用于一段时间之前；at用在具体几点钟前面，结合题干“July 18”，可知是在具体某一天前，故选A。
2. —Sam, there are so many spelling mistakes in your paper. You should try not to repeat________.
—Sorry, Mr. White. I'll be more careful from now on.
A. it B. its C. them D. theirs
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Sam，你的论文中有这么多拼写错误。你应该尽量不要重复它们。——对不起， White先生。从现在开始我会更加仔细。
考查代词的用法。it它；its它的；them它们，they的宾格；theirs它们的，名词性物主代词。根据句意不要重复去犯这些错误，又因为mistakes为可数名词复数，所以用them来代替mistakes，them代指这些错误。故选C。
3. —Happy birthday, Anna. Here's my present for you.
—Wow, thank you so much. I'm really________that you still remember my birthday.
A. scared B. stressed C. satisfied D. surprised
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——安妮，生日快乐，这个是我给你的礼物。——哇，非常感谢你。我真的很惊讶你仍然记得我的生日。
考查形容词。scared 害怕的；stressed焦虑不安的； satisfied满意的； surprised惊讶的。根据“you still remember my birthday”你仍记得我的生日，此处表达的是很惊讶，用形容词surprised。故选D。
4. —Many doctors and nurses went to Wuhan to help fight against the virus. They are so brave.
—I feel________the same. They are real heroes.
A hardly B. properly C. exactly D. clearly
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——许多医生和护士前往武汉帮助抗击病毒。他们太勇敢了。——我也有同感。他们是真正的英雄。
考查副词辨析及情景交际。hardly几乎不；properly适当地；exactly正是，完全地；clearly清晰地。由“They are so brave…They are real heroes”可知，下文与上文表达的观点一致，故应用副词exactly表“正是，完全地”。故选C。
5. My cousin didn't become an actor on his father's advice. ________, he decided to go to a medical university.
A. Instead B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我表弟没有按照他父亲的建议当演员。相反，他决定上医科大学。
考查副词辨析。Instead代替，相反；Otherwise否则，不然；However然而；Moreover此外，而且。根据下文“ he decided to go to a medical university.”可知，这里用Instead。故选A。
6. —Why are you so crazy about travelling, Wu Dong?
—Travelling can offer us real________of languages, customs and cultures.
A. attraction B. background C. difference D. experience
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——吴东，你为什么对旅行如此着迷？——旅行可以给我们提供语言、风俗和文化的真实体验。
考查名词辨析。attraction吸引力；background背景；difference差别， 差异；experience体验，经验，经历。根据常识可知“旅行可以给我们提供语言、风俗和文化的真实体验。”故选D。
7. Dr. Zhong Nanshan once said, "To prevent the spread of this disease, we________never be too careful."
A. can B. may C. must D. should
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：钟南山院士曾经说过:“要预防这一疾病的传播，我们多么小心也不为过。”
考查情态动词。can能、能够；may可以；must必须；should应该。can的否定式和too或enough 连用表示“多么……也不为过”，其他情态动词没有这种用法，故答案选A。
8. —What makes you so happy, Daniel?
—The exam________to be much easier than I thought. I'm sure I can pass it.
A. put out B. broke out C. found out D. turned out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Daniel，什么使你那么高兴？——这次考试比我想象的容易得多。我相信我能通过它。
考查动词短语。put out扑灭，broke out突然发生；爆炸，found out找出，turned out结果是；关掉。根据句意这次考试结果比我想象的要容易，turned out符合题意，故选D。
9. —I really enjoy the shows in the programme Online Travel in China.
—Me too. More online shows about Chinese culture________soon.
A. will open B. have opened C. is opening D. open
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】——我非常喜欢《中国在线旅游》这个节目。——我也是。更多关于中国文化的在线节目即将开播。
考查句子时态。will open一般将来时；have opened现在完成时；is opening现在进行时；open一般现在时。根据时间状语“soon”可知此句时态是一般将来时。故选A。
10. The last team of medical workers ________ a warm welcome when returning to Nanjing from Wuhan this April.
A. was giving B. was given C. has given D. gave
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：今年4月，最后一支医疗队从武汉返回南京时受到了热烈欢迎。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。由this April可知，本句为一般过去时；分析句意可知，“最后一支医疗队”和“给予热烈欢迎”之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，即医疗队被热烈欢迎，故本句为被动语态，因此本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
11. —What do you think of Mr. Green, Tim?
—He is so boring. He doesn't have any hobbies________you call watching TV a hobby.
A. if B. unless C. since D. though
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你觉得格林先生怎么样，Tim？——他太无聊了。他没有任何爱好，除非你把看电视称为爱好。
考查连词辨析。if 如果，引导条件状语从句；unless 除非，如果不；since 自从……以来，引导时间状语从句；though虽然，尽管，即使，引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知后句是否定条件，前句是结果，是unless引导的条件状语从句。故选B。
12. —There was a big forest fire in Australia last September Do you know ________?
—About four months. Many animals died during the fire.
A. how the fire happened B. how did the fire happen
C. how long the fire lasted D. how long the fire has lasted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——去年九月澳大利亚发生了一场森林大火。你知道大火持续了多久吗？——约四个月。许多动物在火灾中死亡。
考查宾语从句。由“Do you know ________?”及选项可知，本句为宾语从句，应为陈述句语序，故排除B选项；答语“About four months”表时间段，应用how long提问，故排除A选项；这场森林大火发生在过去，且已经结束，故应为一般过去时，故排除D选项。故选C。
13. Look at the note on the right. What has changed about the party of Class 5?
Class 5 Garden Party
19 July 3.30 pm
Because of bad weather, tomorrow's party will now be in the school hall. Please give party food and drink to Mrs. Su by 11 a.m.
A. The time. B. The place. C. The host. D. The activity.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：请看右边的通知。5班的聚会有什么变化?
考查情景交际。根据“Because of bad weather, tomorrow's party will now be in the school hall.”可知，由于天气原因，明天的聚会将在学校礼堂举行，故可知聚会的地点改变了。故选B。
14. Good job, boys and girls! All of you got high marks in the exam but Mary stood out. What does "Mary stood out" mean in the sentence?
A. Mary got high marks as usual. B. Mary got the highest marks of all.
C. Mary got higher marks than before. D. Mary got higher marks than many of us.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：干得好，孩子们！你们在考试中都得了很高的分数，但是Mary最高。Mary stood out这个短语是什么意思？考查情景交际以及词组含义。stand out词组含义是突出，引人注目。结合语境，大家考得都很好，Mary肯定是最杰出的，最高的。故选B。
15. —Though short and thin, Luo Jing becomes the first Chinese woman to climb the world's 14 highest mountains.
—How great! She kept training hard. Just as the saying goes, "________".
A. When one door shuts, another opens
B. Everything comes to him who waits
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
D. All things are difficult before they are easy
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——虽然身材矮小，但罗静成为第一位登上世界第14高山峰的中国女性。——太棒了！她一直努力训练。正如俗话所说，“有志者事竟成”。
考查俗语。When one door shuts, another opens：上帝为你关上一扇门，就会为你打开一扇窗；Everything comes to him who waits ：安心等待必有好处；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart：有志者事竟成；All things are difficult before they are easy：凡事总是由难而易。根据“ She kept training hard. ”可知此句想表达通过努力获得成功，因此用“有志者事竟成”；故选C。
二、完形填空
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
In the 1880s, gold was discovered in Alaska, the USA. Many people came to the area hoping to get ___16___. New towns were built and grew quickly. One such town called Iditarod grew so quickly during 1909 that it became the largest city in Alaska. In the summer months, basic supplies (日用品) could be taken to those towns by___17___. but in the winter the rivers and the ocean frozen and there was no way to get to them. So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).
The track became known as the Iditarod Trail. It took a team of dogs about three weeks to travel ___18___Alaska. They stopped at "roadhouses" where the drivers could get a ___19___bed for the night and something to eat for both themselves and their dogs. The trail was used every ___20___until the 1920s when planes replaced boats and dog teams.
However, in 1925, a disease called diphtheria___21___the city of Nome. The disease could be cured, but, sadly, the nearest medicine that could be found was in Anchorage, right on the other side of Alaska. Planes were still quite new, so no one knew if they could fly in such cold weather. So it was___22___that the medicine would be carried using teams of dogs instead.
The trip was over 1,000 kilometres, most of it along the Iditarod Trail. It took twenty teams just six days to ___23___the journey. Leonhard travelled the first 400 of those kilometres. He had to trust his dog Togo's ability to find the way in the blinding snow. The last part of the journey was done by Gunnar. His lead dog was Balto. At one point Balto ___24___ to go any further and saved the team from falling into icy water. The disease was stopped and Balto became a hero.
Nowadays a dog sled race is held every year from Anchorage to Nome,____25____the route of that famous journey in 1925. It is called the Iditarod and has become known as "The Last Great Race on Earth".
16. A. free B. famous C. rich D. safe
17. A. truck B. boat C. air D. railway
18. A. among B. along C. around D. across
19. A. warm B. free C. soft D. clean
20. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
21. A. dropped B. passed C. hit D. controlled
22. A. agreed B. felt C. proved D. insisted
23. A. start B. make C. continue D. cover
24. A. regretted B. refused C. managed D. expected
25. A. following B. planning C. choosing D. sharing
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A
【解析】
本文介绍了美国阿拉斯加州的伊迪塔罗德小径。1910年，伊迪塔罗德小径建成，供拉雪橇的狗队使用。直到20世纪20年代飞机取代了船只和狗队。1925年，一种叫做白喉的疾病袭击了诺姆市。最近能找到的可以治愈这种病的药物是在阿拉斯加另一边的安克雷奇。二十支队伍沿着伊迪塔罗德小径只用了六天到了安克雷奇市。疾病控制住了。 如今，每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。
【16题详解】
句意：许多人来到这个地区希望发财。
free空闲的；famous著名的；rich富有的；safe安全的。根据上文“In the 1880s, gold was discovered in Alaska, the USA.”可知“许多人来到这个地区希望发财。”故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：在夏季的几个月里，日用品可以用船运到这些城镇。
truck卡车；boat船；air空气，by air：用飞机，乘坐飞机；railway铁路。根据下文“but in the winter the rivers and the ocean frozen and there was no way to get to them.”可知“在夏季的几个月里，日用品可以用船运到这些城镇。”故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：一支狗队花了大约三个星期的时间穿越阿拉斯加。
among在……中间；along沿着，顺着；around围绕，环绕；across从一边到另一边，横过，穿过（表面）。“穿越阿拉斯加”使用介词across；故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：他们在“路边餐馆”停下来，在那里司机们可以得到一张温暖的床过夜，并为自己和他们的狗吃点东西。
warm温暖的；free空闲的；soft软的；clean洁净的，干净的。根据上文“So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).”可知是在冬天 ，故“在那里司机们可以得到一张温暖的床过夜”故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：这条小道每年冬天都有使用，直到20世纪20年代飞机取代了船只和狗队。
spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天。根据上文“So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).”可知“这条小道每年冬天都有使用”，故选D。
【21题详解】
句意：然而，1925年，一种叫做白喉的疾病袭击了诺姆市。
dropped 落下，掉下；passed通过，经过；hit击，碰撞，袭击；controlled控制。根据“The disease could be cured, but, sadly, the nearest medicine that could be found was in Anchorage”可知这种病袭击了诺姆市，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：所以大家一致同意用狗来运输药物。
agreed同意，赞成；felt感觉；proved证明，证实；insisted 坚决要求，坚持。根据上文“Planes were still quite new, so no one knew if they could fly in such cold weather.”可知“所以大家一致同意用狗来运输药物。”故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：二十支队伍只用了六天就走完了全程。
start开始；make 制造，做；continue继续；cover遮盖，覆盖。根据上文“The trip was over 1,000 kilometres, most of it along the Iditarod Trail.”可知此句句意是：二十支队伍只用了六天就走完了全程。根据句意可知选D。
【24题详解】
句意：巴尔托一度拒绝再往前走，挽救了队伍，防止掉进冰水里。
regretted后悔；refused拒绝；managed设法完成，管理；expected 预期，期待。根据下文“挽救了队伍，防止掉进冰水里”可知此句是“巴尔托一度拒绝再往前走”；故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：如今，每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。
following跟随，沿着；planning计划；choosing选择；sharing分享。结合第3段可知“每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。”故选A。
三、阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
BOOK CLUB: YOUR REVIEWS!
Title: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Author: Roald Dahl
What's the book about?
The book is about a boy called Charlie. His family is very poor —they don't have much money and they don't have much food. There is a chocolate factory near Charlie's house. It is Willy Wonka's factory. He invites Charlie and another four children to visit the chocolate factory.
My opinion of the book:
This book is great!
I love the incredible chocolates and sweets in the factory.
Words to describe the book:
interesting funny sad
amazing magical exciting
My favourite character：
My favourite character is Charlie because he is very kind. I don't like the other children because they are horrible!
Star rating:
I give Charlie and the Chocolate Factory:
★★★★★
5 stars=Fantastic!
4 stars=Very good!
3 stars=OK.
2 stars=Bad.
1 star=Terrible!
Review by: Gabriella (age 12)
26. What is the book about?
A. Charlie invited friends to visit the chocolate factory.
B. Charlie made friends with four children after the visit.
C. Charlie worked in the chocolate factory near his house.
D. Charlie visited the chocolate factory with four children.
27. What does Gabriella think of the book?
A. Really awful B. Not bad C. Quite good D. Excellent
【答案】26. D 27. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇书评。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It is Willy Wonka's factory. He invites Charlie and another four children to visit the chocolate factory.”可知，这本书是关于Willy邀请Charlie和其他四个孩子参观巧克力工厂的故事，故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中的“I give Charlie and the Chocolate Factory:★★★★★”，可知Gabriella对这本书给出了五星好评，故选D。
【点睛】
B
One fine day, Monkey watched a woman walking along the road from high in his treetop. Suddenly, she fell down over a stone and dropped her pot! It broke into many pieces and white cakes inside scattered (撒) on the road.
"Oh, have I ever got trouble now! I have so much trouble!" cried out the lady. She tried to gather the cakes in her skirt, but failed. Soon she gave up and left.
Monkey hurried down the tree trunk to the ground. "These are trouble?" he said to himself. "I will taste this trouble, for it looks quite delicious." The cakes were coconut cakes and indeed delicious. Monkey ate every one of them.
"I must find more trouble!" said Monkey. Off to the market he went, skittering down the road on his quick little feet. Monkey went to a man standing at a market stall and asked, "Please, kind sir, may I have some trouble?" may I have some trouble?"
"You're looking for trouble?" said the man. Monkey nodded his head excitedly. The man laughed and handed a bag to Monkey, "Here you go," he said.
Monkey had trouble carrying the bag of trouble. It was so large, and it was moving! He went down the road to a quiet place and opened the bag, ready for a feast (盛宴) of trouble.
Out of the bag came three fierce (凶猛的) dogs! They got angry and barked at Monkey. Shaking with fear, Monkey climbed up the nearest tree. How hungry he was! He took a fruit and put it into his mouth. He didn't know that the tree was a chili pepper (辣椒) tree. Suddenly his mouth felt full of fire!
Monkey needed water! Under the tree those three fierce dogs were barking at him. He had to wait until they grew bored and left. Then Monkey quickly returned to the ground and ran to stream. He drank lots of cool water. After a while his burnt mouth felt better.
"Trouble doesn't always taste delicious." said Monkey. After that he never looked for trouble again.
28. The word "skittering" in Paragraph 4 means "__________".
A. running quickly B. screaming loudly C. laughing happily D. breathing heavily
29. What did Monkey do as soon as the dogs went away?
A. He looked for something delicious to eat.
B. He stayed in the chili pepper tree to sleep.
C. He opened the bag to see what was inside.
D. He climbed down the tree and ran to a stream.
30. What did Monkey probably do at the end of the story?
A. He went back to his safe, quiet treetop.
B. He put the three dogs back into the bag.
C. He returned to the market to look for the man.
D. He went to the woman to ask for more trouble.
31. This story is BEST described as a / an__________.
A. animal fact B. folk tale C. interesting novel D. humorous play
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一只猴子从树梢上看到一位女士掉在地上的蛋糕，误认为是麻烦，所以他就去市场找麻烦，最后自己却惹了一身麻烦。从此他再也不给自己找麻烦了。
【28题详解】
词句猜测。根据上文“Off to the market he went”去了市场。及下文“on his quick little feet.” 用他那敏捷的小脚。可知他在路上跑得很快。Skittering的意思是 “跑得很快”相当于“running quickly”。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解。根据文中“He had to wait until they grew bored and left. Then Monkey quickly returned to the ground and ran to stream. ” 他不得不等到他们厌烦了才离开。然后猴子很快回到地上，跑向小溪。故选D。
30题详解】
推理判断。根据文章最后“"Trouble doesn't always taste delicious." said Monkey. After that he never looked for trouble again. ” 猴子说：“麻烦并不总是好吃的。”。从那以后，他再也不找麻烦了。及开头“One fine day, Monkey watched a woman walking along the road from high in his treetop.” 一个晴朗的日子，猴子从树梢上看着一个女人走在路上。可知最后那只猴子可能回到他安全、安静的树梢。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文讲述了一只猴子寻找麻烦的故事。告诉我们做事之前一定要判断清楚再去做。可知这是一个寓言故事。故选B。
C
The island had always been her home to Kiki, and she loved it. She had been just about a year old when the ship she and her family had been on was caught in a great storm. She didn't remember their home in England, where she had been born She certainly didn't remember how her family had arrived on the island in lifeboats or even how they had built houses and made new lives.
The Martin family and the others who had survived in the shipwreck (沉船) had worked hard to make the island livable. In the weeks following the wreck, boxes of seeds, tools and food were washed up on the beach. These boxes gave the survivors a chance to build a new life on the island. Now, after ten years' hard work, everyone had a comfortable home and there was plenty of food.
Kiki and the other children explored the island every day. One day, the children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested (筑巢) on the cliffs. There, Kiki saw four great ships sailing toward the island.
By the time Kiki and her friends climbed down the mountain, the ships had reached the island and the captain and his sailors were surprised to find other English settlers (定居者) there. They had known about the shipwreck, of course, but they had no idea there were survivors. The ships were sailing to Australia, and the survivors were welcomed to join them.
That, however, was the problem. Almost all the survivors didn't want to leave the island, especially the children like Kiki who had spent most of their lives there or the twelve children who had been born there. For them, the island was their world, and they couldn't imagine leaving it.
32. What is this story mainly about?
A. Children studying sea birds. B. A family's journey to Australia.
C. Lives of survivors after a shipwreck. D. Explorers discovering an island.
33. What helped the survivors begin their new lives on the island?
A. Their memories of England. B. Some other survivors on the island.
C. Things washed up on the beach. D. The great ships sailing to Australia.
34. What do you know about the island from reading the passage?
A. Many dangerous animals live on the island.
B. There are also sea birds living on the island.
C. There are many fruit trees around the island.
D. Some people live on the island before the wreck.
35. Which of the following sentences expresses an opinion?
A. Kiki didn't remember her home in England.
B. The island was a wonderful place for people to live.
C. The children had climbed up the highest mountain to see birds.
D. The captain and his sailors were surprised to find English settlers there.
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
文章讲述了Kiki和家人乘坐的船遇上风暴，一家人和其他在沉船事故中幸存下来的人努力在岛上创造居住和生活的条件，经过十年的艰苦工作，每个人都有了一个舒适的家，有了充足的食物。一天，驶往澳大利亚的轮船到岛上，发现他们的存在，非常惊奇，把他们带回澳大利亚。几乎所有的幸存者尤其是孩子都不想离开岛上。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。短文讲述Kiki一家人和其他在沉船事故中幸存下来的人努力在岛上创造居住和生活的条件，最终获救的故事。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the weeks following the wreck, boxes of seeds, tools and food were washed up on the beach. These boxes gave the survivors a chance to build a new life on the island”在沉船事故发生后的几个星期里，成箱的种子、工具和食物被冲到了海滩上。这些箱子给了幸存者在岛上建立新生活的机会。可知，是冲到海滩上的东西帮助幸存者在岛上开始他们的新生活。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“…he children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested on the cliffs”孩子们爬上岛上最高的山，研究在悬崖上筑巢的海鸟。可知，岛上也生活着海鸟。故选B。
【35题详解】
观点态度题。选项B“这个岛是人们居住的好地方”是人们对岛上生活状况的评价，根据第一段“She didn't remember their home in England”、第三段“the children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested on the cliffs”、第四段“the captain and his sailors were surprised to find other English settlers there.”可知选项A、C、D是陈述事实。故选B。
D
Bacteria Cafeteria
Every day, people use teeth to cut, tear, and chew food. They eat most of the food. But bits of food stick to their teeth. People's mouths are filled with bacteria (细菌). They eat the bits of food. The bacteria increase and build up on the teeth. And they can quickly form a coating called plaque (牙斑).
The bacteria in the plaque produce acid (酸). More acid is created when someone eats food which has sugar or starch. Candy and cookie are sugary foods. Potato chips have starch. The acid from the bacteria goes to work on the teeth. Each tooth has a protective covering called enamel (釉质). It's the hardest material in the body. But the acid is strong enough to eat through the enamel. This creates tooth decay (蛀蚀).
Next, the acid can work its way inside the tooth. Under the enamel is softer material called dentine. Acid quickly eats through the dentine, creating a hole called a cavity. Then the acid can reach the pulp (髓) inside the dentine. The pulp has blood vessels (血管) that feed the tooth. It also has nerves (神经). When the nerves get hurt, a person may feel a toothache.
A dentist should fix tooth decay. Bodies can repair broken bones but not decayed teeth. That's because enamel and dentine aren't living things. Dentists clean out the decay and fill the space with strong material.
But tooth decay should be prevented in the first place. People should visit the dentist twice a year. Dentists clean and examine the teeth. They can treat any tooth problems early. People should also take care of their own teeth. To remove bits of food, bacteria, and acid, people should clean them between their teeth at least once a day. They should also brush their teeth at least twice a day—even when they don't feel like it!
36. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To explain how bacteria work. B. To give a talk on tooth health.
C. To advertise for a dentist hospital. D. To remind people to care about tooth health.
37. What does acid do?
A. It makes teeth stronger. B. It eats through tooth enamel.
C. It produces bacteria in the mouth. D. It cleans the teeth and protects them.
38. What is a cavity in Paragraph 3?
A. A hole in the tooth. B. A protective covering.
C. A vessel in the pulp. D. A nerve inside the tooth.
39. Why can't your body repair decayed teeth?
A. The nerves are badly hurt. B. Cavities are too hard to fix.
C. Enamel and dentine aren't living things. D. The acid eats through the dentine.
40. What does the title "Bacteria Cafeteria" mean?
A Bacteria and cafeteria rhyme with each other.
B. A cafeteria serves food, and you eat food there.
C. Your mouth is like a cafeteria where bacteria can grow.
D. You eat in a cafeteria, and it has a lot of bacteria growing there.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】
这篇短文重点介绍了蛀牙的形成，人为什么会牙痛。蛀蚀不可修复，所以人们要保护牙齿。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。 这篇短文重点介绍了蛀牙的形成、为什么会牙痛，同时告诉身体不能修复蛀牙，所以人们要保护牙齿。 对比选项，可知这篇短文目的是为了提醒人们关心牙齿健康，故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But the acid is strong enough to eat through the enamel.”可知酸能侵蚀釉质，故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Acid quickly eats through the dentine, creating a hole called a cavity”可知cavity是酸侵蚀牙本质而产生的洞，故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Bodies can repair broken bones but not decayed teeth. That's because enamel and dentine aren't living things.”可知身体不能修复蛀蚀牙齿是因为釉质和牙本质不是生物，故选C。
【40题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“People's mouths are filled with bacteria (细菌). They eat the bits of food. The bacteria increase and build up on the teeth.”可知“Bacteria Cafeteria”意思为“人们的口腔就像一个餐厅，细菌在里面滋生”，故选C。
非选择题
四、填空
A) 请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
41. The museum is free to everyone but children aged twelve or __________(以下) must go with their parents or teachers.
【答案】below
【解析】
【详解】句意：博物馆对每个人都是免费的，但是12岁或12岁以下的孩子必须和他们的父母或老师一起去。“……以下”为below，是介词，根据句意，故填below。
42. —Excuse me, Mr. Lin. Are you busy?
—Not at __________ (现在). What can I do for you?
【答案】present
【解析】
【详解】句意：——对不起，林先生。你忙吗?——目前没有。我能为你做什么?“现在”为present；at present意为“目前”，根据句意，故填present。
43. My uncle lives in __________ (中心的) Nanjing, but he works in a factory which is 30 kilometers away.
【答案】central
【解析】
【详解】句意：我叔叔住在南京市中心，但他在30公里外的一家工厂工作。本词修饰名词Nanjing，可知填形容词。central：中心的，形容词。故答案为central。
44. China and ancient Rome, though __________ (千) of miles away from each other, were already connected by the Silk Road as early as over 2,000 years ago.
【答案】thousands
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国和古罗马虽然相隔万里，但早在2000多年前就通过丝绸之路连接在了一起。根据短语thousands of miles不远万里，thousands of表示概数，成千上万的。结合句意和汉语提示可知，故答案为thousands。
45. —Mr. Li is a good teacher. He always tries using new teaching methods.
—True, and these methods help to __________ (鼓励) us to think by ourselves.
【答案】encourage
【解析】
【详解】句意：——李老师是个好老师。他总是尝试使用新的教学方法。——没错，这些方法有助于鼓励我们独立思考。“鼓励”为encourage，是动词；“帮助做某事”为help to do sth.。故填encourage。
B) 请根据句子意思，用括号所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
46. "Welcome to Lily's birthday party. Help__________ (you) to whatever you want." Mrs. Green said to all the Children.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】
【详解】句意：“欢迎参加莉莉的生日聚会。格林太太对所有的孩子们说：“随便吃你们任何想吃的吧。”由句意和语境可推测，本题考查动词短语help oneself to...意为“请随便……”；根据“Mrs. Green said to all the Children”可知，反身代词用复数形式，故填you反身代词的复数形式yourselves。
47. —I hear Wang Hai has been back from America. Anything different?
—Yeah. He has put on__________ (weigh) since I last saw him.
【答案】weight
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我听说王海从美国回来了。有什么不一样吗？——嗯。自从我上次看到他，他已经变重了很多。put on后面加名词，weigh是动词，weight是名词，表示重量。put on weight增加重量。故填weight。
48. —Which English song did you learn first, Li Dan?
—Do-Re-Mi. It is a popular song from the__________ (music) The Sound Of Music.
【答案】musical
【解析】
【详解】句意：——李丹，你最先学的哪首英文歌?——哆来咪。这是音乐剧《音乐之声》中的一首流行歌曲。根据句意指“音乐剧《音乐之声》”，musical意为“音乐剧”，故填musical。
49. What a terrible day! Today was__________ (suppose) to be sunny, but it's raining.
【答案】supposed
【解析】
【详解】句意：多么糟糕的一天！ 今天本来应该是晴天，但却下雨了。根据句意，结合提示词，可知此处考查固定词组be supposed to，意为“理应、应该做某事”，故答案为supposed。
50. — Have you told all the class about the next week's meeting, Jenny?
—Not yet. But I've__________ (stick) a notice on the front blackboard.
【答案】stuck
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你把下周的会议告诉全班同学了吗，珍妮？——还没有。但我在前面的黑板上贴了个布告。此处在在前面的黑板上贴了一个布告。所给单词stick动词，粘住。这是现在完成时，其结构是have done的形式，用stick的过去分词stuck。故填stuck。
C) 请根据对话内容，从下列方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使对话内容完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
learn more about, dry, the size of, plants, took a close look
Millions of years ago, a group of dinosaurs walked along a riverbank in South America. They chose the place to lay their eggs. One by one, the babies started to hatch (孵化).
Then there was a big flood. The dinosaur nursery was lost forever. Well, not quite forever. In 1998, a group of scientists found the eggs. They found them in a ____51____area in Argentina. They saw a field covered with rocks. And they ____52____at them. The "rocks" were really dinosaur eggs. "There were so many eggs all over the place," says Luis Chiappe, one of the team's leaders.
The eggs belonged to titanosaurs. These dinosaurs had long necks and they ate ____53____. An adult titanosaur was more than 50 feet long. Babies were about 15 inches long. That's ____54____a small dog.
The flood caused the eggs to be covered with mud. The mud helped protect babies inside. One egg had 32 tiny teeth.
The scientists returned to ____55____the dinosaurs. They hoped to answer more questions. With so many eggs to study, those answers may be just waiting to hatch.
【答案】51. dry
52. took a close look
53. plants 54. the size of
55. learn more about
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。很多年前恐龙家园被洪水摧毁，后来，科学家们找到了很多恐龙的蛋，他们需要了解更多恐龙的知识，才能解开很多谜团。
【51题详解】
句意：他们发现恐龙蛋在阿根廷一个干燥的地方。横线后面是“area地区”，为名词，前面用形容词修饰。所给词里面“dry干燥的”，是形容词。故填dry。
【52题详解】
句意：并且他们近距离观察这些蛋。they后面缺少动词，根据前文他们发现了一片被岩石覆盖的地方，接下来他们就是近距离看，前后时态一致，都用一般过去时。故填took a close look。
【53题详解】
句意：这些恐龙有长脖子并且吃植物。恐龙能吃的东西，根据所给词应该是“plants植物”。故填plants。
【54题详解】
句意：这是一个小狗的尺寸。根据前文小宝宝有15英寸长，这是一只小狗尺寸大小，选择含有尺寸的短语。故填the size of。
【55题详解】
句意：科学家们回来后了解更多关于恐龙的知识。根据下一句他们希望回答更多的问题，所以需要了解更多。故填learn more about。
五、阅读填空
A)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
Charles Richard Drew was an important African American doctor. He lived during the first half of the 1900s. This was a time when blacks faced widespread discrimination (歧视). But in Drew's whole life, discrimination didn't stop him from achieving his goals (目标). He followed what his father had told him, "Always do things you believe in."
Drew was born in Washington, D.C., on June 3, 1904. In high school, he was a good athlete. He also studied hard and was top in his class. After graduating, Drew made up his mind to go to college. Few colleges accepted blacks, but Drew found one that did.
Drew went to Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922. It was one of the few colleges that accepted blacks. Drew did well in sports and could have been a professional (职业的) athlete. But his dream was to become a doctor.
In 1928, Drew started medical school at Canada's McGill University. Drew studied ways to store blood for emergencies ( 紧急情况). He was an excellent student and earned a doctor ( 博士) of medicine degree (学位). Drew spent time teaching medical students and doing operations.
Drew went to Columbia University in New York in 1938. He and other doctors studied blood plasma (血浆). They discovered that if water is removed from plasma, dried plasma can be stored for up to a year. Drew earned a doctor degree in science.
In 1939, World War II started. Blood and plasma were needed for wounded soldiers. Drew was director of several blood banks. He quickly developed ways to ship plasma overseas to the soldiers, which saved millions of lives.
In 1941, Drew became a professor of surgery at Howard University and chief surgeon ( 外科医生) at Freedman's Hospital. He remained at the hospital until this death in 1950.
Drew followed his father's advice and devoted his whole life to saving others.
Always do what you believe in
Date of ____56____
Charles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904.
High school
Though Drew was a top student, he was still ____57____by many colleges.
College & University
●Drew ____58____Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922.
●Drew could become a professional athlete, but he ____59____of being a doctor.
●Drew became a student of a ____60____school in 1928.
●After earning a degree, Drew worked as a teacher and ____61____.
●In Columbia University, Drew did ____62____on blood plasma.
●Drew discovered a new ____63____to store blood plasma.
World War II
●Drew saved millions of soldiers by shipping plasma overseas.
●Drew spent the ____64____of his life working at Freedman's Hospital.
Drew achieved his goals because he was strongly _____65_____by his father's advice.
【答案】56. birth
57. refused
58. attended / entered
59. dreamed / dreamt
60. medical
61. doctor 62. research
63. way 64. rest
65. influenced / affected
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述查尔斯·理查德·德鲁的出生、学习经历、研究血浆的发现以及他作为医生的贡献。
【56题详解】
介词of后填名词。根据“Charles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904”可知此处主要讲述的是出生的日期，可归纳为Date of birth。故答案为birth。
【57题详解】
根据第二段“Few colleges accepted blacks”几乎没有什么大学接受黑人，可知他成绩优异但是仍然被很多大学拒绝，主语是he，此处用被动形式，动词用was refused。故答案为refused。
【58题详解】
根据第三段“Drew went to Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922”1922年Drew进入马萨诸塞州的阿默斯特学院。此处缺谓语动词，讲述的是过去的动作，用动词的过去式，用went to的近义表达attended或者entered。故答案为attended / entered。
【59题详解】
根据第三段“But his dream was to become a doctor”他的梦想是成为一名医生。此处缺谓语动词，讲述的过去的动作，用动词的过去式。此处表达“梦想”用动词dreamed或者dreamt。故答案为dreamed / dreamt。
【60题详解】
根据第四段“In 1928, Drew started medical school at Canada's McGill University”可知1928年他成为加拿大麦吉尔大学医学院的学生。名词school前面用形容词，此处用形容词medical表示“医学的” 。故答案为medical。
【61题详解】
根据第四段“Drew spent time teaching medical students and doing operations” Drew花时间教医学学生和做手术，可知他做老师又做医生，根据and可知此处填单数名词doctor和teacher并列。故答案为doctor。
【62题详解】
根据第五段“Drew went to Columbia University in New York in 1938. He and other doctors studied blood plasma”可知在哥伦比亚大学他和其他的医生一起研究血浆，动词did后面缺宾语，此处填studied“研究”的近义表达did research。故答案为research。
【63题详解】
动词discovered后面缺宾语；根据“ a new”可知填单数名词；根据第五段“They discovered that if water is removed from plasma, dried plasma can be stored for up to a year”他们发现把血浆的水移走，干的血浆能被存储达一年，可知他们发现了一种新的存储血浆的方法，此处填way。故答案为way。
【64题详解】
定冠词the后面填名词。根据倒数第二段“In 1941, Drew became a professor of surgery at Howard University and chief surgeon at Freedman's Hospital. He remained at the hospital until this death in 1950”1941年一直到1950年逝世，他都在医院里工作。可知此处填the rest of hislife表示“生命剩下的时间”。故答案为rest。
【65题详解】
根据最后一段“Drew followed his father's advice and devoted his whole life to saving others”他听从他父亲的建议，把自己的一生都投入到拯救生命中。可知他的父亲对他有很大的影响，此处根据by可知是被动形式，用was strongly influenced by或者was strongly affected by表示“被影响”。故答案为influenced / affected。
B)根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
There's a popular idea that artists are not thought to be in sport, but mountain biking is a huge part of my life. It gets me o____66____of my studio, and into the countryside. But importantly, racing along as fast as you can leaves you no time to worry about a____67____that's going on in your life. You're too busy keeping your mind on not crashing. The only things you pay attention to are the pain in your legs and the rocks on the path in front of you.
I'm in my s____68____now, but I started cycling when I was a kid. In the summer my friends and I would ride our bikes into the woods and see who was b____69____enough to go down steep (陡峭的) hills, or do big jumps. The bikes we had then weren't built for that, and often b____70____, so I used to draw pictures of bikes with big thick tyres (轮胎) that would be strong enough for what we were doing. They looked just like modern mountain bikes. However, it wasn't u____71____many years later that someone actually invented one. By the 1980s, they were everywhere.
Mountain biking seemed quite a good way to keep fit. I made a lot of friends, and took part in racing, which gave me a r____72____to train hard. I wanted to find out just how fit and fast I could get, which proved to be rather quick. I e____73____won a couple of local races.
In the end I stopped racing, mainly because I knew what it could m____74____to my art career if I had a bad crash. But I still like to do a three-hour mountain bike ride every week. And if I see a rider in front of me, I have to beat him to the t____75____. As I go past him, I imagine how surprised he would be if he knew how old I am.
【答案】66. out
67. anything
68. sixties / seventies
69. brave 70. broke
71. until 72. reason
73. even 74. mean
75. top
【解析】
本篇主要讲述一位老艺术家喜欢骑自行车去户外运动。这项运动给他许多不一样的感受，让他保持健康，还交到了很多朋友。
【66题详解】
句意：它让我从工作室走出来，走进了农村。
分析句意，从后半句的句意“走进了农村”可推断前面表示走出工作室，“把……带出”用固定搭配get...out。结合首字母o，故填out。
【67题详解】
句意：但更重要的是，你可以尽快地跑，这样你就没有时间去想你生活中的任何事情了。
分析句意，此处表示“没有时间想生活中的任何事情”。结合首字母a，此处用anything表示“任何事情”。故填anything。
【68题详解】
句意：我现在已经60多岁了（或者70多岁），但当我还是孩子的时候就开始骑自行车了。
通读全文可知，作者已经是一位老人了，此处表示我现在几十多岁了，用数词的复数形式。根据首字母提示，此处可表示60或者70。故填sixties / seventies。
【69题详解】
句意：在夏天，我和我的朋友会骑自行车到树林里，看看谁有足够的勇气下陡峭的山，或者做大跳跃。
enough修饰形容词位于其后，所以此处用形容词。分析句意，后面意思是下陡峭的山，做大跳跃，说明要足够勇敢。再结合首字母b，所以用brave表示勇敢的。故填brave。
【70题详解】
句意：那时我们所拥有的自行车并不是为此而造的，而且经常坏。
分析句意，以前的自行车不是专为爬山或者做大跳跃造的，后面作者经常画一些有结实轮子的自行车,说明他们当时用的自行车爬山经常坏。结合首字母b,本句用一般过去时，所以用过去式，故填broke。
【71题详解】
句意：然而，直到多年后，有人才真的发明了一个。
分析句子结构和句意，直到多年后，有人才发明了一个。结合首字母u，此处用固定结构“not...until”表示直到……才。故填until。
【72题详解】
句意：我交了很多朋友，参加了比赛，这给了我一个努力训练的理由。
分析句意，此处表示的是参加比赛给了我一个努力训练的……，结合首字母提示，应该是给个理由。故填reason。
【73题详解】
句意：我甚至赢得了几场本地比赛。
分析句子结构，此处用副词，结合前一句句意和提示首字母e，可推断出本句表示的是我甚至赢得了几场本地比赛。故填even。
【74题详解】
句意：最后，我停止了比赛，主要是因为我知道如果我撞车了，这对我的艺术生涯意味着什么。
分析句意，此处表示这对我艺术生涯意味着什么。结合首字母m,可知用mean表示“意味着”。故填mean。
【75题详解】
句意：如果我看到一个骑手在我面前，我一定会超过他达到顶峰。
分析句意，此处表示的是超过某人达到顶峰用beat sb. to the top。故填top。
六、书面表达
76. 假如你是阳光中学的李红，在学校网站上看到下面这则公告。请你根据公告内容，用英语写一封邮件。
Weekend Plans Needed
Some foreign students will arrive at our school. They will stay in our school for a week. We'd like you to make a plan for their weekend. We hope the plan will help them make friends and know more about Nanjing and the local culture.
We are looking forward to your wonderful ideas. Please email Linda at lindali@163. com.
注意：
1、内容覆盖所有要点，可适当发挥。
2、词数 80 左右(邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)。
3、文中不得提及有关考生的个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Dear Madam,
I am writing to offer my plan for the foreign students' weekend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hong
【答案】例文：
Dear Madam,
I am writing to offer my plan for the foreign students' weekend.
On Saturday, they can visit the landmark buildings in Nanjing under the guidance of their local classmates, such as Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Master Templ, which have a strong cultural and historical atmosphere. It plays an important role in helping them understand the culture of Nanjing.
After knowing the local environment, the school can hold a Sino foreign student exchange meeting on Sunday. During the meeting, students can watch the documentary about Nanjing. Local students should actively communicate with foreign students. On Sunday night, a bonfire party will be held at school. This is a good way to promote friendly exchanges and enhance friendship between Chinese and foreign students.
Thank you for your reading. I hope my plan can be adopted.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hong
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信文写作，要注意书信的基本格式。题目要求为来校交流的外国学生制定一个周末计划，以帮助他们了解南京并结交中国朋友。为此，我们可以将计划分为两部分，一段引导外国学生了解南京的自然风景及人文；一段用于促进中外学生的友好交流、增进友谊。
2.本文主题为“为外国学生制定周末计划”；文章时态应以一般现在时或一般将来时为主，人称为第三人称复数，注意主谓一致问题；文章应根据题目要点分段叙述，一是了解南京，二是结交朋友；写作时要注意语句通顺，层次清晰，使读者一目了然。
2019-2020 学年鼓楼区中考二模试卷
选择题
一、单项选择
请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Because of COVID-19, this summer holiday will begin ________ July 18.
A. on B. in C. for D. at
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：由于新冠病毒，这个暑假将于7月18日开始。
考查介词辨析。on用于具体某一天；in用在年，季节和月份等前面；for用于一段时间之前；at用在具体几点钟前面，结合题干“July 18”，可知是在具体某一天前，故选A。
2. —Sam, there are so many spelling mistakes in your paper. You should try not to repeat________.
—Sorry, Mr. White. I'll be more careful from now on.
A. it B. its C. them D. theirs
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Sam，你的论文中有这么多拼写错误。你应该尽量不要重复它们。——对不起， White先生。从现在开始我会更加仔细。
考查代词的用法。it它；its它的；them它们，they的宾格；theirs它们的，名词性物主代词。根据句意不要重复去犯这些错误，又因为mistakes为可数名词复数，所以用them来代替mistakes，them代指这些错误。故选C。
3. —Happy birthday, Anna. Here's my present for you.
—Wow, thank you so much. I'm really________that you still remember my birthday.
A. scared B. stressed C. satisfied D. surprised
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——安妮，生日快乐，这个是我给你的礼物。——哇，非常感谢你。我真的很惊讶你仍然记得我的生日。
考查形容词。scared 害怕的；stressed焦虑不安的； satisfied满意的； surprised惊讶的。根据“you still remember my birthday”你仍记得我的生日，此处表达的是很惊讶，用形容词surprised。故选D。
4. —Many doctors and nurses went to Wuhan to help fight against the virus. They are so brave.
—I feel________the same. They are real heroes.
A hardly B. properly C. exactly D. clearly
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——许多医生和护士前往武汉帮助抗击病毒。他们太勇敢了。——我也有同感。他们是真正的英雄。
考查副词辨析及情景交际。hardly几乎不；properly适当地；exactly正是，完全地；clearly清晰地。由“They are so brave…They are real heroes”可知，下文与上文表达的观点一致，故应用副词exactly表“正是，完全地”。故选C。
5. My cousin didn't become an actor on his father's advice. ________, he decided to go to a medical university.
A. Instead B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我表弟没有按照他父亲的建议当演员。相反，他决定上医科大学。
考查副词辨析。Instead代替，相反；Otherwise否则，不然；However然而；Moreover此外，而且。根据下文“ he decided to go to a medical university.”可知，这里用Instead。故选A。
6. —Why are you so crazy about travelling, Wu Dong?
—Travelling can offer us real________of languages, customs and cultures.
A. attraction B. background C. difference D. experience
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——吴东，你为什么对旅行如此着迷？——旅行可以给我们提供语言、风俗和文化的真实体验。
考查名词辨析。attraction吸引力；background背景；difference差别， 差异；experience体验，经验，经历。根据常识可知“旅行可以给我们提供语言、风俗和文化的真实体验。”故选D。
7. Dr. Zhong Nanshan once said, "To prevent the spread of this disease, we________never be too careful."
A. can B. may C. must D. should
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：钟南山院士曾经说过:“要预防这一疾病的传播，我们多么小心也不为过。”
考查情态动词。can能、能够；may可以；must必须；should应该。can的否定式和too或enough 连用表示“多么……也不为过”，其他情态动词没有这种用法，故答案选A。
8. —What makes you so happy, Daniel?
—The exam________to be much easier than I thought. I'm sure I can pass it.
A. put out B. broke out C. found out D. turned out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Daniel，什么使你那么高兴？——这次考试比我想象的容易得多。我相信我能通过它。
考查动词短语。put out扑灭，broke out突然发生；爆炸，found out找出，turned out结果是；关掉。根据句意这次考试结果比我想象的要容易，turned out符合题意，故选D。
9. —I really enjoy the shows in the programme Online Travel in China.
—Me too. More online shows about Chinese culture________soon.
A. will open B. have opened C. is opening D. open
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】——我非常喜欢《中国在线旅游》这个节目。——我也是。更多关于中国文化的在线节目即将开播。
考查句子时态。will open一般将来时；have opened现在完成时；is opening现在进行时；open一般现在时。根据时间状语“soon”可知此句时态是一般将来时。故选A。
10. The last team of medical workers ________ a warm welcome when returning to Nanjing from Wuhan this April.
A. was giving B. was given C. has given D. gave
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：今年4月，最后一支医疗队从武汉返回南京时受到了热烈欢迎。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。由this April可知，本句为一般过去时；分析句意可知，“最后一支医疗队”和“给予热烈欢迎”之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，即医疗队被热烈欢迎，故本句为被动语态，因此本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
11. —What do you think of Mr. Green, Tim?
—He is so boring. He doesn't have any hobbies________you call watching TV a hobby.
A. if B. unless C. since D. though
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你觉得格林先生怎么样，Tim？——他太无聊了。他没有任何爱好，除非你把看电视称为爱好。
考查连词辨析。if 如果，引导条件状语从句；unless 除非，如果不；since 自从……以来，引导时间状语从句；though虽然，尽管，即使，引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知后句是否定条件，前句是结果，是unless引导的条件状语从句。故选B。
12. —There was a big forest fire in Australia last September Do you know ________?
—About four months. Many animals died during the fire.
A. how the fire happened B. how did the fire happen
C. how long the fire lasted D. how long the fire has lasted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——去年九月澳大利亚发生了一场森林大火。你知道大火持续了多久吗？——约四个月。许多动物在火灾中死亡。
考查宾语从句。由“Do you know ________?”及选项可知，本句为宾语从句，应为陈述句语序，故排除B选项；答语“About four months”表时间段，应用how long提问，故排除A选项；这场森林大火发生在过去，且已经结束，故应为一般过去时，故排除D选项。故选C。
13. Look at the note on the right. What has changed about the party of Class 5?
Class 5 Garden Party
19 July 3.30 pm
Because of bad weather, tomorrow's party will now be in the school hall. Please give party food and drink to Mrs. Su by 11 a.m.
A. The time. B. The place. C. The host. D. The activity.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：请看右边的通知。5班的聚会有什么变化?
考查情景交际。根据“Because of bad weather, tomorrow's party will now be in the school hall.”可知，由于天气原因，明天的聚会将在学校礼堂举行，故可知聚会的地点改变了。故选B。
14. Good job, boys and girls! All of you got high marks in the exam but Mary stood out. What does "Mary stood out" mean in the sentence?
A. Mary got high marks as usual. B. Mary got the highest marks of all.
C. Mary got higher marks than before. D. Mary got higher marks than many of us.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：干得好，孩子们！你们在考试中都得了很高的分数，但是Mary最高。Mary stood out这个短语是什么意思？考查情景交际以及词组含义。stand out词组含义是突出，引人注目。结合语境，大家考得都很好，Mary肯定是最杰出的，最高的。故选B。
15. —Though short and thin, Luo Jing becomes the first Chinese woman to climb the world's 14 highest mountains.
—How great! She kept training hard. Just as the saying goes, "________".
A. When one door shuts, another opens
B. Everything comes to him who waits
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
D. All things are difficult before they are easy
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——虽然身材矮小，但罗静成为第一位登上世界第14高山峰的中国女性。——太棒了！她一直努力训练。正如俗话所说，“有志者事竟成”。
考查俗语。When one door shuts, another opens：上帝为你关上一扇门，就会为你打开一扇窗；Everything comes to him who waits ：安心等待必有好处；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart：有志者事竟成；All things are difficult before they are easy：凡事总是由难而易。根据“ She kept training hard. ”可知此句想表达通过努力获得成功，因此用“有志者事竟成”；故选C。
二、完形填空
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
In the 1880s, gold was discovered in Alaska, the USA. Many people came to the area hoping to get ___16___. New towns were built and grew quickly. One such town called Iditarod grew so quickly during 1909 that it became the largest city in Alaska. In the summer months, basic supplies (日用品) could be taken to those towns by___17___. but in the winter the rivers and the ocean frozen and there was no way to get to them. So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).
The track became known as the Iditarod Trail. It took a team of dogs about three weeks to travel ___18___Alaska. They stopped at "roadhouses" where the drivers could get a ___19___bed for the night and something to eat for both themselves and their dogs. The trail was used every ___20___until the 1920s when planes replaced boats and dog teams.
However, in 1925, a disease called diphtheria___21___the city of Nome. The disease could be cured, but, sadly, the nearest medicine that could be found was in Anchorage, right on the other side of Alaska. Planes were still quite new, so no one knew if they could fly in such cold weather. So it was___22___that the medicine would be carried using teams of dogs instead.
The trip was over 1,000 kilometres, most of it along the Iditarod Trail. It took twenty teams just six days to ___23___the journey. Leonhard travelled the first 400 of those kilometres. He had to trust his dog Togo's ability to find the way in the blinding snow. The last part of the journey was done by Gunnar. His lead dog was Balto. At one point Balto ___24___ to go any further and saved the team from falling into icy water. The disease was stopped and Balto became a hero.
Nowadays a dog sled race is held every year from Anchorage to Nome,____25____the route of that famous journey in 1925. It is called the Iditarod and has become known as "The Last Great Race on Earth".
16. A. free B. famous C. rich D. safe
17. A. truck B. boat C. air D. railway
18. A. among B. along C. around D. across
19. A. warm B. free C. soft D. clean
20. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
21. A. dropped B. passed C. hit D. controlled
22. A. agreed B. felt C. proved D. insisted
23. A. start B. make C. continue D. cover
24. A. regretted B. refused C. managed D. expected
25. A. following B. planning C. choosing D. sharing
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A
【解析】
本文介绍了美国阿拉斯加州的伊迪塔罗德小径。1910年，伊迪塔罗德小径建成，供拉雪橇的狗队使用。直到20世纪20年代飞机取代了船只和狗队。1925年，一种叫做白喉的疾病袭击了诺姆市。最近能找到的可以治愈这种病的药物是在阿拉斯加另一边的安克雷奇。二十支队伍沿着伊迪塔罗德小径只用了六天到了安克雷奇市。疾病控制住了。 如今，每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。
【16题详解】
句意：许多人来到这个地区希望发财。
free空闲的；famous著名的；rich富有的；safe安全的。根据上文“In the 1880s, gold was discovered in Alaska, the USA.”可知“许多人来到这个地区希望发财。”故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：在夏季的几个月里，日用品可以用船运到这些城镇。
truck卡车；boat船；air空气，by air：用飞机，乘坐飞机；railway铁路。根据下文“but in the winter the rivers and the ocean frozen and there was no way to get to them.”可知“在夏季的几个月里，日用品可以用船运到这些城镇。”故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：一支狗队花了大约三个星期的时间穿越阿拉斯加。
among在……中间；along沿着，顺着；around围绕，环绕；across从一边到另一边，横过，穿过（表面）。“穿越阿拉斯加”使用介词across；故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：他们在“路边餐馆”停下来，在那里司机们可以得到一张温暖的床过夜，并为自己和他们的狗吃点东西。
warm温暖的；free空闲的；soft软的；clean洁净的，干净的。根据上文“So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).”可知是在冬天 ，故“在那里司机们可以得到一张温暖的床过夜”故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：这条小道每年冬天都有使用，直到20世纪20年代飞机取代了船只和狗队。
spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天。根据上文“So, in 1910, a winter track (小道) was built which would be used by teams of dogs pulling sleds (雪橇).”可知“这条小道每年冬天都有使用”，故选D。
【21题详解】
句意：然而，1925年，一种叫做白喉的疾病袭击了诺姆市。
dropped 落下，掉下；passed通过，经过；hit击，碰撞，袭击；controlled控制。根据“The disease could be cured, but, sadly, the nearest medicine that could be found was in Anchorage”可知这种病袭击了诺姆市，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：所以大家一致同意用狗来运输药物。
agreed同意，赞成；felt感觉；proved证明，证实；insisted 坚决要求，坚持。根据上文“Planes were still quite new, so no one knew if they could fly in such cold weather.”可知“所以大家一致同意用狗来运输药物。”故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：二十支队伍只用了六天就走完了全程。
start开始；make 制造，做；continue继续；cover遮盖，覆盖。根据上文“The trip was over 1,000 kilometres, most of it along the Iditarod Trail.”可知此句句意是：二十支队伍只用了六天就走完了全程。根据句意可知选D。
【24题详解】
句意：巴尔托一度拒绝再往前走，挽救了队伍，防止掉进冰水里。
regretted后悔；refused拒绝；managed设法完成，管理；expected 预期，期待。根据下文“挽救了队伍，防止掉进冰水里”可知此句是“巴尔托一度拒绝再往前走”；故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：如今，每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。
following跟随，沿着；planning计划；choosing选择；sharing分享。结合第3段可知“每年都有狗拉雪橇比赛从安克雷奇到诺姆，沿着1925年那次著名旅程的路线进行。”故选A。
三、阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
BOOK CLUB: YOUR REVIEWS!
Title: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Author: Roald Dahl
What's the book about?
The book is about a boy called Charlie. His family is very poor —they don't have much money and they don't have much food. There is a chocolate factory near Charlie's house. It is Willy Wonka's factory. He invites Charlie and another four children to visit the chocolate factory.
My opinion of the book:
This book is great!
I love the incredible chocolates and sweets in the factory.
Words to describe the book:
interesting funny sad
amazing magical exciting
My favourite character：
My favourite character is Charlie because he is very kind. I don't like the other children because they are horrible!
Star rating:
I give Charlie and the Chocolate Factory:
★★★★★
5 stars=Fantastic!
4 stars=Very good!
3 stars=OK.
2 stars=Bad.
1 star=Terrible!
Review by: Gabriella (age 12)
26. What is the book about?
A. Charlie invited friends to visit the chocolate factory.
B. Charlie made friends with four children after the visit.
C. Charlie worked in the chocolate factory near his house.
D. Charlie visited the chocolate factory with four children.
27. What does Gabriella think of the book?
A. Really awful B. Not bad C. Quite good D. Excellent
【答案】26. D 27. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇书评。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It is Willy Wonka's factory. He invites Charlie and another four children to visit the chocolate factory.”可知，这本书是关于Willy邀请Charlie和其他四个孩子参观巧克力工厂的故事，故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中的“I give Charlie and the Chocolate Factory:★★★★★”，可知Gabriella对这本书给出了五星好评，故选D。
【点睛】
B
One fine day, Monkey watched a woman walking along the road from high in his treetop. Suddenly, she fell down over a stone and dropped her pot! It broke into many pieces and white cakes inside scattered (撒) on the road.
"Oh, have I ever got trouble now! I have so much trouble!" cried out the lady. She tried to gather the cakes in her skirt, but failed. Soon she gave up and left.
Monkey hurried down the tree trunk to the ground. "These are trouble?" he said to himself. "I will taste this trouble, for it looks quite delicious." The cakes were coconut cakes and indeed delicious. Monkey ate every one of them.
"I must find more trouble!" said Monkey. Off to the market he went, skittering down the road on his quick little feet. Monkey went to a man standing at a market stall and asked, "Please, kind sir, may I have some trouble?" may I have some trouble?"
"You're looking for trouble?" said the man. Monkey nodded his head excitedly. The man laughed and handed a bag to Monkey, "Here you go," he said.
Monkey had trouble carrying the bag of trouble. It was so large, and it was moving! He went down the road to a quiet place and opened the bag, ready for a feast (盛宴) of trouble.
Out of the bag came three fierce (凶猛的) dogs! They got angry and barked at Monkey. Shaking with fear, Monkey climbed up the nearest tree. How hungry he was! He took a fruit and put it into his mouth. He didn't know that the tree was a chili pepper (辣椒) tree. Suddenly his mouth felt full of fire!
Monkey needed water! Under the tree those three fierce dogs were barking at him. He had to wait until they grew bored and left. Then Monkey quickly returned to the ground and ran to stream. He drank lots of cool water. After a while his burnt mouth felt better.
"Trouble doesn't always taste delicious." said Monkey. After that he never looked for trouble again.
28. The word "skittering" in Paragraph 4 means "__________".
A. running quickly B. screaming loudly C. laughing happily D. breathing heavily
29. What did Monkey do as soon as the dogs went away?
A. He looked for something delicious to eat.
B. He stayed in the chili pepper tree to sleep.
C. He opened the bag to see what was inside.
D. He climbed down the tree and ran to a stream.
30. What did Monkey probably do at the end of the story?
A. He went back to his safe, quiet treetop.
B. He put the three dogs back into the bag.
C. He returned to the market to look for the man.
D. He went to the woman to ask for more trouble.
31. This story is BEST described as a / an__________.
A. animal fact B. folk tale C. interesting novel D. humorous play
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一只猴子从树梢上看到一位女士掉在地上的蛋糕，误认为是麻烦，所以他就去市场找麻烦，最后自己却惹了一身麻烦。从此他再也不给自己找麻烦了。
【28题详解】
词句猜测。根据上文“Off to the market he went”去了市场。及下文“on his quick little feet.” 用他那敏捷的小脚。可知他在路上跑得很快。Skittering的意思是 “跑得很快”相当于“running quickly”。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解。根据文中“He had to wait until they grew bored and left. Then Monkey quickly returned to the ground and ran to stream. ” 他不得不等到他们厌烦了才离开。然后猴子很快回到地上，跑向小溪。故选D。
30题详解】
推理判断。根据文章最后“"Trouble doesn't always taste delicious." said Monkey. After that he never looked for trouble again. ” 猴子说：“麻烦并不总是好吃的。”。从那以后，他再也不找麻烦了。及开头“One fine day, Monkey watched a woman walking along the road from high in his treetop.” 一个晴朗的日子，猴子从树梢上看着一个女人走在路上。可知最后那只猴子可能回到他安全、安静的树梢。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文讲述了一只猴子寻找麻烦的故事。告诉我们做事之前一定要判断清楚再去做。可知这是一个寓言故事。故选B。
C
The island had always been her home to Kiki, and she loved it. She had been just about a year old when the ship she and her family had been on was caught in a great storm. She didn't remember their home in England, where she had been born She certainly didn't remember how her family had arrived on the island in lifeboats or even how they had built houses and made new lives.
The Martin family and the others who had survived in the shipwreck (沉船) had worked hard to make the island livable. In the weeks following the wreck, boxes of seeds, tools and food were washed up on the beach. These boxes gave the survivors a chance to build a new life on the island. Now, after ten years' hard work, everyone had a comfortable home and there was plenty of food.
Kiki and the other children explored the island every day. One day, the children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested (筑巢) on the cliffs. There, Kiki saw four great ships sailing toward the island.
By the time Kiki and her friends climbed down the mountain, the ships had reached the island and the captain and his sailors were surprised to find other English settlers (定居者) there. They had known about the shipwreck, of course, but they had no idea there were survivors. The ships were sailing to Australia, and the survivors were welcomed to join them.
That, however, was the problem. Almost all the survivors didn't want to leave the island, especially the children like Kiki who had spent most of their lives there or the twelve children who had been born there. For them, the island was their world, and they couldn't imagine leaving it.
32. What is this story mainly about?
A. Children studying sea birds. B. A family's journey to Australia.
C. Lives of survivors after a shipwreck. D. Explorers discovering an island.
33. What helped the survivors begin their new lives on the island?
A. Their memories of England. B. Some other survivors on the island.
C. Things washed up on the beach. D. The great ships sailing to Australia.
34. What do you know about the island from reading the passage?
A. Many dangerous animals live on the island.
B. There are also sea birds living on the island.
C. There are many fruit trees around the island.
D. Some people live on the island before the wreck.
35. Which of the following sentences expresses an opinion?
A. Kiki didn't remember her home in England.
B. The island was a wonderful place for people to live.
C. The children had climbed up the highest mountain to see birds.
D. The captain and his sailors were surprised to find English settlers there.
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
文章讲述了Kiki和家人乘坐的船遇上风暴，一家人和其他在沉船事故中幸存下来的人努力在岛上创造居住和生活的条件，经过十年的艰苦工作，每个人都有了一个舒适的家，有了充足的食物。一天，驶往澳大利亚的轮船到岛上，发现他们的存在，非常惊奇，把他们带回澳大利亚。几乎所有的幸存者尤其是孩子都不想离开岛上。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。短文讲述Kiki一家人和其他在沉船事故中幸存下来的人努力在岛上创造居住和生活的条件，最终获救的故事。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the weeks following the wreck, boxes of seeds, tools and food were washed up on the beach. These boxes gave the survivors a chance to build a new life on the island”在沉船事故发生后的几个星期里，成箱的种子、工具和食物被冲到了海滩上。这些箱子给了幸存者在岛上建立新生活的机会。可知，是冲到海滩上的东西帮助幸存者在岛上开始他们的新生活。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“…he children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested on the cliffs”孩子们爬上岛上最高的山，研究在悬崖上筑巢的海鸟。可知，岛上也生活着海鸟。故选B。
【35题详解】
观点态度题。选项B“这个岛是人们居住的好地方”是人们对岛上生活状况的评价，根据第一段“She didn't remember their home in England”、第三段“the children had climbed up the highest mountain on the island to study the sea birds that nested on the cliffs”、第四段“the captain and his sailors were surprised to find other English settlers there.”可知选项A、C、D是陈述事实。故选B。
D
Bacteria Cafeteria
Every day, people use teeth to cut, tear, and chew food. They eat most of the food. But bits of food stick to their teeth. People's mouths are filled with bacteria (细菌). They eat the bits of food. The bacteria increase and build up on the teeth. And they can quickly form a coating called plaque (牙斑).
The bacteria in the plaque produce acid (酸). More acid is created when someone eats food which has sugar or starch. Candy and cookie are sugary foods. Potato chips have starch. The acid from the bacteria goes to work on the teeth. Each tooth has a protective covering called enamel (釉质). It's the hardest material in the body. But the acid is strong enough to eat through the enamel. This creates tooth decay (蛀蚀).
Next, the acid can work its way inside the tooth. Under the enamel is softer material called dentine. Acid quickly eats through the dentine, creating a hole called a cavity. Then the acid can reach the pulp (髓) inside the dentine. The pulp has blood vessels (血管) that feed the tooth. It also has nerves (神经). When the nerves get hurt, a person may feel a toothache.
A dentist should fix tooth decay. Bodies can repair broken bones but not decayed teeth. That's because enamel and dentine aren't living things. Dentists clean out the decay and fill the space with strong material.
But tooth decay should be prevented in the first place. People should visit the dentist twice a year. Dentists clean and examine the teeth. They can treat any tooth problems early. People should also take care of their own teeth. To remove bits of food, bacteria, and acid, people should clean them between their teeth at least once a day. They should also brush their teeth at least twice a day—even when they don't feel like it!
36. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To explain how bacteria work. B. To give a talk on tooth health.
C. To advertise for a dentist hospital. D. To remind people to care about tooth health.
37. What does acid do?
A. It makes teeth stronger. B. It eats through tooth enamel.
C. It produces bacteria in the mouth. D. It cleans the teeth and protects them.
38. What is a cavity in Paragraph 3?
A. A hole in the tooth. B. A protective covering.
C. A vessel in the pulp. D. A nerve inside the tooth.
39. Why can't your body repair decayed teeth?
A. The nerves are badly hurt. B. Cavities are too hard to fix.
C. Enamel and dentine aren't living things. D. The acid eats through the dentine.
40. What does the title "Bacteria Cafeteria" mean?
A Bacteria and cafeteria rhyme with each other.
B. A cafeteria serves food, and you eat food there.
C. Your mouth is like a cafeteria where bacteria can grow.
D. You eat in a cafeteria, and it has a lot of bacteria growing there.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】
这篇短文重点介绍了蛀牙的形成，人为什么会牙痛。蛀蚀不可修复，所以人们要保护牙齿。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。 这篇短文重点介绍了蛀牙的形成、为什么会牙痛，同时告诉身体不能修复蛀牙，所以人们要保护牙齿。 对比选项，可知这篇短文目的是为了提醒人们关心牙齿健康，故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But the acid is strong enough to eat through the enamel.”可知酸能侵蚀釉质，故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Acid quickly eats through the dentine, creating a hole called a cavity”可知cavity是酸侵蚀牙本质而产生的洞，故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Bodies can repair broken bones but not decayed teeth. That's because enamel and dentine aren't living things.”可知身体不能修复蛀蚀牙齿是因为釉质和牙本质不是生物，故选C。
【40题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“People's mouths are filled with bacteria (细菌). They eat the bits of food. The bacteria increase and build up on the teeth.”可知“Bacteria Cafeteria”意思为“人们的口腔就像一个餐厅，细菌在里面滋生”，故选C。
非选择题
四、填空
A) 请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
41. The museum is free to everyone but children aged twelve or __________(以下) must go with their parents or teachers.
【答案】below
【解析】
【详解】句意：博物馆对每个人都是免费的，但是12岁或12岁以下的孩子必须和他们的父母或老师一起去。“……以下”为below，是介词，根据句意，故填below。
42. —Excuse me, Mr. Lin. Are you busy?
—Not at __________ (现在). What can I do for you?
【答案】present
【解析】
【详解】句意：——对不起，林先生。你忙吗?——目前没有。我能为你做什么?“现在”为present；at present意为“目前”，根据句意，故填present。
43. My uncle lives in __________ (中心的) Nanjing, but he works in a factory which is 30 kilometers away.
【答案】central
【解析】
【详解】句意：我叔叔住在南京市中心，但他在30公里外的一家工厂工作。本词修饰名词Nanjing，可知填形容词。central：中心的，形容词。故答案为central。
44. China and ancient Rome, though __________ (千) of miles away from each other, were already connected by the Silk Road as early as over 2,000 years ago.
【答案】thousands
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国和古罗马虽然相隔万里，但早在2000多年前就通过丝绸之路连接在了一起。根据短语thousands of miles不远万里，thousands of表示概数，成千上万的。结合句意和汉语提示可知，故答案为thousands。
45. —Mr. Li is a good teacher. He always tries using new teaching methods.
—True, and these methods help to __________ (鼓励) us to think by ourselves.
【答案】encourage
【解析】
【详解】句意：——李老师是个好老师。他总是尝试使用新的教学方法。——没错，这些方法有助于鼓励我们独立思考。“鼓励”为encourage，是动词；“帮助做某事”为help to do sth.。故填encourage。
B) 请根据句子意思，用括号所给单词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
46. "Welcome to Lily's birthday party. Help__________ (you) to whatever you want." Mrs. Green said to all the Children.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】
【详解】句意：“欢迎参加莉莉的生日聚会。格林太太对所有的孩子们说：“随便吃你们任何想吃的吧。”由句意和语境可推测，本题考查动词短语help oneself to...意为“请随便……”；根据“Mrs. Green said to all the Children”可知，反身代词用复数形式，故填you反身代词的复数形式yourselves。
47. —I hear Wang Hai has been back from America. Anything different?
—Yeah. He has put on__________ (weigh) since I last saw him.
【答案】weight
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我听说王海从美国回来了。有什么不一样吗？——嗯。自从我上次看到他，他已经变重了很多。put on后面加名词，weigh是动词，weight是名词，表示重量。put on weight增加重量。故填weight。
48. —Which English song did you learn first, Li Dan?
—Do-Re-Mi. It is a popular song from the__________ (music) The Sound Of Music.
【答案】musical
【解析】
【详解】句意：——李丹，你最先学的哪首英文歌?——哆来咪。这是音乐剧《音乐之声》中的一首流行歌曲。根据句意指“音乐剧《音乐之声》”，musical意为“音乐剧”，故填musical。
49. What a terrible day! Today was__________ (suppose) to be sunny, but it's raining.
【答案】supposed
【解析】
【详解】句意：多么糟糕的一天！ 今天本来应该是晴天，但却下雨了。根据句意，结合提示词，可知此处考查固定词组be supposed to，意为“理应、应该做某事”，故答案为supposed。
50. — Have you told all the class about the next week's meeting, Jenny?
—Not yet. But I've__________ (stick) a notice on the front blackboard.
【答案】stuck
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你把下周的会议告诉全班同学了吗，珍妮？——还没有。但我在前面的黑板上贴了个布告。此处在在前面的黑板上贴了一个布告。所给单词stick动词，粘住。这是现在完成时，其结构是have done的形式，用stick的过去分词stuck。故填stuck。
C) 请根据对话内容，从下列方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，使对话内容完整正确，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
learn more about, dry, the size of, plants, took a close look
Millions of years ago, a group of dinosaurs walked along a riverbank in South America. They chose the place to lay their eggs. One by one, the babies started to hatch (孵化).
Then there was a big flood. The dinosaur nursery was lost forever. Well, not quite forever. In 1998, a group of scientists found the eggs. They found them in a ____51____area in Argentina. They saw a field covered with rocks. And they ____52____at them. The "rocks" were really dinosaur eggs. "There were so many eggs all over the place," says Luis Chiappe, one of the team's leaders.
The eggs belonged to titanosaurs. These dinosaurs had long necks and they ate ____53____. An adult titanosaur was more than 50 feet long. Babies were about 15 inches long. That's ____54____a small dog.
The flood caused the eggs to be covered with mud. The mud helped protect babies inside. One egg had 32 tiny teeth.
The scientists returned to ____55____the dinosaurs. They hoped to answer more questions. With so many eggs to study, those answers may be just waiting to hatch.
【答案】51. dry
52. took a close look
53. plants 54. the size of
55. learn more about
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。很多年前恐龙家园被洪水摧毁，后来，科学家们找到了很多恐龙的蛋，他们需要了解更多恐龙的知识，才能解开很多谜团。
【51题详解】
句意：他们发现恐龙蛋在阿根廷一个干燥的地方。横线后面是“area地区”，为名词，前面用形容词修饰。所给词里面“dry干燥的”，是形容词。故填dry。
【52题详解】
句意：并且他们近距离观察这些蛋。they后面缺少动词，根据前文他们发现了一片被岩石覆盖的地方，接下来他们就是近距离看，前后时态一致，都用一般过去时。故填took a close look。
【53题详解】
句意：这些恐龙有长脖子并且吃植物。恐龙能吃的东西，根据所给词应该是“plants植物”。故填plants。
【54题详解】
句意：这是一个小狗的尺寸。根据前文小宝宝有15英寸长，这是一只小狗尺寸大小，选择含有尺寸的短语。故填the size of。
【55题详解】
句意：科学家们回来后了解更多关于恐龙的知识。根据下一句他们希望回答更多的问题，所以需要了解更多。故填learn more about。
五、阅读填空
A)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词，并将答案填写在答题卡的横线上。
Charles Richard Drew was an important African American doctor. He lived during the first half of the 1900s. This was a time when blacks faced widespread discrimination (歧视). But in Drew's whole life, discrimination didn't stop him from achieving his goals (目标). He followed what his father had told him, "Always do things you believe in."
Drew was born in Washington, D.C., on June 3, 1904. In high school, he was a good athlete. He also studied hard and was top in his class. After graduating, Drew made up his mind to go to college. Few colleges accepted blacks, but Drew found one that did.
Drew went to Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922. It was one of the few colleges that accepted blacks. Drew did well in sports and could have been a professional (职业的) athlete. But his dream was to become a doctor.
In 1928, Drew started medical school at Canada's McGill University. Drew studied ways to store blood for emergencies ( 紧急情况). He was an excellent student and earned a doctor ( 博士) of medicine degree (学位). Drew spent time teaching medical students and doing operations.
Drew went to Columbia University in New York in 1938. He and other doctors studied blood plasma (血浆). They discovered that if water is removed from plasma, dried plasma can be stored for up to a year. Drew earned a doctor degree in science.
In 1939, World War II started. Blood and plasma were needed for wounded soldiers. Drew was director of several blood banks. He quickly developed ways to ship plasma overseas to the soldiers, which saved millions of lives.
In 1941, Drew became a professor of surgery at Howard University and chief surgeon ( 外科医生) at Freedman's Hospital. He remained at the hospital until this death in 1950.
Drew followed his father's advice and devoted his whole life to saving others.
Always do what you believe in
Date of ____56____
Charles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904.
High school
Though Drew was a top student, he was still ____57____by many colleges.
College & University
●Drew ____58____Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922.
●Drew could become a professional athlete, but he ____59____of being a doctor.
●Drew became a student of a ____60____school in 1928.
●After earning a degree, Drew worked as a teacher and ____61____.
●In Columbia University, Drew did ____62____on blood plasma.
●Drew discovered a new ____63____to store blood plasma.
World War II
●Drew saved millions of soldiers by shipping plasma overseas.
●Drew spent the ____64____of his life working at Freedman's Hospital.
Drew achieved his goals because he was strongly _____65_____by his father's advice.
【答案】56. birth
57. refused
58. attended / entered
59. dreamed / dreamt
60. medical
61. doctor 62. research
63. way 64. rest
65. influenced / affected
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述查尔斯·理查德·德鲁的出生、学习经历、研究血浆的发现以及他作为医生的贡献。
【56题详解】
介词of后填名词。根据“Charles Richard Drew was born on June 3, 1904”可知此处主要讲述的是出生的日期，可归纳为Date of birth。故答案为birth。
【57题详解】
根据第二段“Few colleges accepted blacks”几乎没有什么大学接受黑人，可知他成绩优异但是仍然被很多大学拒绝，主语是he，此处用被动形式，动词用was refused。故答案为refused。
【58题详解】
根据第三段“Drew went to Amherst College in Massachusetts in 1922”1922年Drew进入马萨诸塞州的阿默斯特学院。此处缺谓语动词，讲述的是过去的动作，用动词的过去式，用went to的近义表达attended或者entered。故答案为attended / entered。
【59题详解】
根据第三段“But his dream was to become a doctor”他的梦想是成为一名医生。此处缺谓语动词，讲述的过去的动作，用动词的过去式。此处表达“梦想”用动词dreamed或者dreamt。故答案为dreamed / dreamt。
【60题详解】
根据第四段“In 1928, Drew started medical school at Canada's McGill University”可知1928年他成为加拿大麦吉尔大学医学院的学生。名词school前面用形容词，此处用形容词medical表示“医学的” 。故答案为medical。
【61题详解】
根据第四段“Drew spent time teaching medical students and doing operations” Drew花时间教医学学生和做手术，可知他做老师又做医生，根据and可知此处填单数名词doctor和teacher并列。故答案为doctor。
【62题详解】
根据第五段“Drew went to Columbia University in New York in 1938. He and other doctors studied blood plasma”可知在哥伦比亚大学他和其他的医生一起研究血浆，动词did后面缺宾语，此处填studied“研究”的近义表达did research。故答案为research。
【63题详解】
动词discovered后面缺宾语；根据“ a new”可知填单数名词；根据第五段“They discovered that if water is removed from plasma, dried plasma can be stored for up to a year”他们发现把血浆的水移走，干的血浆能被存储达一年，可知他们发现了一种新的存储血浆的方法，此处填way。故答案为way。
【64题详解】
定冠词the后面填名词。根据倒数第二段“In 1941, Drew became a professor of surgery at Howard University and chief surgeon at Freedman's Hospital. He remained at the hospital until this death in 1950”1941年一直到1950年逝世，他都在医院里工作。可知此处填the rest of hislife表示“生命剩下的时间”。故答案为rest。
【65题详解】
根据最后一段“Drew followed his father's advice and devoted his whole life to saving others”他听从他父亲的建议，把自己的一生都投入到拯救生命中。可知他的父亲对他有很大的影响，此处根据by可知是被动形式，用was strongly influenced by或者was strongly affected by表示“被影响”。故答案为influenced / affected。
B)根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
There's a popular idea that artists are not thought to be in sport, but mountain biking is a huge part of my life. It gets me o____66____of my studio, and into the countryside. But importantly, racing along as fast as you can leaves you no time to worry about a____67____that's going on in your life. You're too busy keeping your mind on not crashing. The only things you pay attention to are the pain in your legs and the rocks on the path in front of you.
I'm in my s____68____now, but I started cycling when I was a kid. In the summer my friends and I would ride our bikes into the woods and see who was b____69____enough to go down steep (陡峭的) hills, or do big jumps. The bikes we had then weren't built for that, and often b____70____, so I used to draw pictures of bikes with big thick tyres (轮胎) that would be strong enough for what we were doing. They looked just like modern mountain bikes. However, it wasn't u____71____many years later that someone actually invented one. By the 1980s, they were everywhere.
Mountain biking seemed quite a good way to keep fit. I made a lot of friends, and took part in racing, which gave me a r____72____to train hard. I wanted to find out just how fit and fast I could get, which proved to be rather quick. I e____73____won a couple of local races.
In the end I stopped racing, mainly because I knew what it could m____74____to my art career if I had a bad crash. But I still like to do a three-hour mountain bike ride every week. And if I see a rider in front of me, I have to beat him to the t____75____. As I go past him, I imagine how surprised he would be if he knew how old I am.
【答案】66. out
67. anything
68. sixties / seventies
69. brave 70. broke
71. until 72. reason
73. even 74. mean
75. top
【解析】
本篇主要讲述一位老艺术家喜欢骑自行车去户外运动。这项运动给他许多不一样的感受，让他保持健康，还交到了很多朋友。
【66题详解】
句意：它让我从工作室走出来，走进了农村。
分析句意，从后半句的句意“走进了农村”可推断前面表示走出工作室，“把……带出”用固定搭配get...out。结合首字母o，故填out。
【67题详解】
句意：但更重要的是，你可以尽快地跑，这样你就没有时间去想你生活中的任何事情了。
分析句意，此处表示“没有时间想生活中的任何事情”。结合首字母a，此处用anything表示“任何事情”。故填anything。
【68题详解】
句意：我现在已经60多岁了（或者70多岁），但当我还是孩子的时候就开始骑自行车了。
通读全文可知，作者已经是一位老人了，此处表示我现在几十多岁了，用数词的复数形式。根据首字母提示，此处可表示60或者70。故填sixties / seventies。
【69题详解】
句意：在夏天，我和我的朋友会骑自行车到树林里，看看谁有足够的勇气下陡峭的山，或者做大跳跃。
enough修饰形容词位于其后，所以此处用形容词。分析句意，后面意思是下陡峭的山，做大跳跃，说明要足够勇敢。再结合首字母b，所以用brave表示勇敢的。故填brave。
【70题详解】
句意：那时我们所拥有的自行车并不是为此而造的，而且经常坏。
分析句意，以前的自行车不是专为爬山或者做大跳跃造的，后面作者经常画一些有结实轮子的自行车,说明他们当时用的自行车爬山经常坏。结合首字母b,本句用一般过去时，所以用过去式，故填broke。
【71题详解】
句意：然而，直到多年后，有人才真的发明了一个。
分析句子结构和句意，直到多年后，有人才发明了一个。结合首字母u，此处用固定结构“not...until”表示直到……才。故填until。
【72题详解】
句意：我交了很多朋友，参加了比赛，这给了我一个努力训练的理由。
分析句意，此处表示的是参加比赛给了我一个努力训练的……，结合首字母提示，应该是给个理由。故填reason。
【73题详解】
句意：我甚至赢得了几场本地比赛。
分析句子结构，此处用副词，结合前一句句意和提示首字母e，可推断出本句表示的是我甚至赢得了几场本地比赛。故填even。
【74题详解】
句意：最后，我停止了比赛，主要是因为我知道如果我撞车了，这对我的艺术生涯意味着什么。
分析句意，此处表示这对我艺术生涯意味着什么。结合首字母m,可知用mean表示“意味着”。故填mean。
【75题详解】
句意：如果我看到一个骑手在我面前，我一定会超过他达到顶峰。
分析句意，此处表示的是超过某人达到顶峰用beat sb. to the top。故填top。
六、书面表达
76. 假如你是阳光中学的李红，在学校网站上看到下面这则公告。请你根据公告内容，用英语写一封邮件。
Weekend Plans Needed
Some foreign students will arrive at our school. They will stay in our school for a week. We'd like you to make a plan for their weekend. We hope the plan will help them make friends and know more about Nanjing and the local culture.
We are looking forward to your wonderful ideas. Please email Linda at lindali@163. com.
注意：
1、内容覆盖所有要点，可适当发挥。
2、词数 80 左右(邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)。
3、文中不得提及有关考生的个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Dear Madam,
I am writing to offer my plan for the foreign students' weekend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hong
【答案】例文：
Dear Madam,
I am writing to offer my plan for the foreign students' weekend.
On Saturday, they can visit the landmark buildings in Nanjing under the guidance of their local classmates, such as Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Master Templ, which have a strong cultural and historical atmosphere. It plays an important role in helping them understand the culture of Nanjing.
After knowing the local environment, the school can hold a Sino foreign student exchange meeting on Sunday. During the meeting, students can watch the documentary about Nanjing. Local students should actively communicate with foreign students. On Sunday night, a bonfire party will be held at school. This is a good way to promote friendly exchanges and enhance friendship between Chinese and foreign students.
Thank you for your reading. I hope my plan can be adopted.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hong
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信文写作，要注意书信的基本格式。题目要求为来校交流的外国学生制定一个周末计划，以帮助他们了解南京并结交中国朋友。为此，我们可以将计划分为两部分，一段引导外国学生了解南京的自然风景及人文；一段用于促进中外学生的友好交流、增进友谊。
2.本文主题为“为外国学生制定周末计划”；文章时态应以一般现在时或一般将来时为主，人称为第三人称复数，注意主谓一致问题；文章应根据题目要点分段叙述，一是了解南京，二是结交朋友；写作时要注意语句通顺，层次清晰，使读者一目了然。
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