专题18 记叙文类完形填空 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用）

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专题18 记叙文类完形填空（解析版）
完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节，共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。

一、思维导图

二、题型分析
1. 考情分析
全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点：
1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
3. 稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2019年浙江卷第41题和45题四个选项中两个动词短语，两个为动词； 2015年全国卷Ⅰ的第44题的四个选项中，有两个以-ly结尾的副词，另外两个副词为outside和by；2016年全国卷Ⅰ的第52题的四个选项中设置了三个形容词和一个副词，第47题和第54题的四个选项均由两个动词及两个动词词组构成，第59题把两个动词及两个介词短语设置为一组选项。此外，2016年增加了对代词的考查，考生备考时需要注意。
2. 文章特点
记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：
　　1.首句完整，线索清楚
　　一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。
　　2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。
　　文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。
　　3.实词为主，虚词为辅。
高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
3. 基本技能
在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。
1. 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
3. 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
4. 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
5. 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：
（1）语意是否前后一致；
（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。

三．考试技巧详解
做完形填空题，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、脱离语篇，凭主观臆断，造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误，应当通过第一遍的通读全文判断该题所属的层次类型。
1. 上下语境法
(2020全国Ⅱ卷) Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32…“That's the garden in our picture,” Nicolo's son told his father. They eventually learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
解析：由上文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32”可知，这幅画是尼科洛竞拍获得的，故此处指他们“拥有(owned)”的这幅画。故选A项。

(2020全国Ⅰ卷) Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort…
A.traditional B. important C. double D. original
解析: 由下文的“like an opportunity (机会) of some sort” 可知, 此处表示门和窗都有重要的比喻意义, 即指生活中的机遇。故选B项。

2. 固定搭配法
1. (2015·北京高考)Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we _______ you an apology，” she said.
A. give　　B. send C．offer D．owe
解析：本题属于句内层次题，可以利用固定结构解题。owe sb. an apology为固定搭配，意为“应向某人道歉”。

2. (2015·福建高考)However, life can be _______ when you are not busy finding fault with it.
A. lonely B．great C．quiet D．uneasy
解析：本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，当你不再对生活处处挑剔的时候，生活当然会是“极好的，好的”。

3. 词语复现法
1. (2020全国Ⅲ卷·45) But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad… They'll have out half the ________ in the shop, and want the only style you don't have left in a particular colour.
解析：由后文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.” 可知， 镇上几乎所有的人都在那里，因此full(满的)符合语境，故选B项。

2. (2020全国Ⅱ卷·47) When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ________ the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
解析：由空处前的 “When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”及下文的“he had moved from Turin”可知，尼科洛之前住在都灵，他把在都灵居住时拍卖获得的画“带到(brought)”了西西里岛。

4. 逻辑关系法
1. (2020全国Ⅲ卷·47) As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad… I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ______.
A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
解析：转折关系。由空前的“how upset the shop staff”和表转折的连词but可知，此处应指作者知道店员们遇到这种情况会有多沮丧, 但是作者努力说服店员们保持“微笑(smiling)”。

2. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·43) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too ______.
A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull
解析：因果关系。学生认为“Room 104”教室太dull (无聊，没有乐趣)，所以把教室的名字叫做“思想实验室”。前后为因果关系，故选D项。

3. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·51) …and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the right passports. “More ______, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in writing their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,” Axani said…
A. interesting B. annoying C. satisfying D. convincing
解析：递进关系。空格后的内容提到, 很多加拿大人为了拿到机票, 竟然想把名字改为Elizabeth Gallagher，Axani觉得这更“有意思(interesting)”。与上文的内容构成递进关系。故选A项。

4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·43) And, even if I weren't _______ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
解析：让步关系。根据was appealing可知，即便“我”对免费学分没那么“兴奋 (excited)”，但关于指导老师的消息也足够吸引“我”。 前后为让步关系，故选A项。worried担心的，焦虑的；moved感动的；tired疲惫的，累的。

5. 背景常识法
1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷·52) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing _______ damage to our children.
A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
解析：结合常识可知，父母撒谎会给孩子带来 “精神上的(spiritual)”伤害。physical意为“身体的”; biological意为“生物的”; behavioral意为“行为的”。

2. (2019全国Ⅰ卷·43) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the ______ of Kilimanjaro.
A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：由前文的“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川正在消失；结合常识可知，冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变乞力马扎罗山的地貌(face)，故选C项。

6. 情感态度法
1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷·52) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing _______ damage to our children.
A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
解析：结合常识可知，父母撒谎会给孩子带来 “精神上的(spiritual)”伤害。physical意为“身体的”; biological意为“生物的”; behavioral意为“行为的”。


2. (2019全国Ⅰ卷·43) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the ______ of Kilimanjaro.
A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：由前文的“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川正在消失；结合常识可知，冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变乞力马扎罗山的地貌(face)，故选C项。

3. (2020全国Ⅲ卷·5) She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ______ that she became a “regular”.
A. relaxed B. delighted
C. surprised D. embarrassed
解析：由空前的 “She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意, 觉得什么都不对; 结合空后的 “she became a ‘regular’ ”可知，她后来居然成了一位常客。这样一位难打交道的顾客能成为常客, 作者应是对此“感到吃惊(surprised)”。


四、高考真题
一、2021年高考真题
1.【2021年6月浙江卷】
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her      1      and visit the doctor, providing      2      and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to      3      some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was      4      about three dollars. The only      5      to pay for the groceries was to take off the      6      she could do without: a bottle of nubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to      7      the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people      8      and then go off to the side to      9      their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a      10      came up her and said. "Here are the things that you      11      , " handing her the rubbing alcohol and the      12      . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She      13      for the woman's name and address so that she could      14      her. The woman told her it was her      15      .
My mothet was so      16      by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand      17      the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough      18      for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of      19      that not only helped my mother out, but      20      too.
1.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping
2.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter
3.A.return B.collect C.order D.buy
4.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned
5.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason
6.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses
7.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch
8.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down
9.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag
10.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor
11.A.looked for B.talked about C.threw away D.put back
12.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle
13.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched
14.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help
15.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn
16.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced
17.A.in case B.even if C.as though D.so that
18.A.energy B.money C.space D.time
19.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor
20.A.made her day B.changed her mind C.caught her eye D.met her demand

【文章大意】本文是一篇温情小故事：“我”的母亲在商店买东西结账时，随身带的钱不够， 一位陌生女士善意帮忙，母亲决心把这份爱心传递了下去。
【解析】
1：D
考查名词辨析。A. exercise 运动；  B. housework 家务；  C. cooking烹饪； D. shopping购物。根据下一句 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知，我带母亲去购物（规律性的较大型采买）和看医生，故选D。
2：C
考查名词辨析。A. reward报酬； B. medicine药品； C. company陪伴； D. shelter庇护，避难所。根据句意可知我带母亲是去购物和看医生，因此我提供的只能是陪伴和交通。易错项：注意providing作为伴随状语，其主语为句子主语I，而非doctor。故选C。
3：D
考查动词辨析。A. return返回； B. collect收集； C. order命令，下单； D. buy购买。
根据句意 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知是 "购买"，故选D。
4：A
考查形容词辨析。A. short短的，不足的，缺乏的； B. cautious谨慎小心的； C. wrong错的； D. concerned担心的，关心的。根据句意和下文可知母亲在购物结账时（when she went to pay…），发现差三元钱，short表示 "不足，缺少的"，故选A。
5：B
考查名词辨析。A. aim目标； B. way方式； C. advice建议； D. reason理由。根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知是pay的方式，故选B。
6：B
考查名词辨析。A. weight重量；B. things东西；C. mask面具，口罩；D. glasses眼镜，玻璃杯。根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知此处是去掉一些 "东西"，故选B。
7：C
考查动词辨析。A. raise提高，筹集；养育；B. add添加；C. bring带来；使处于某种情况；把……移到；D. switch改变；转换。根据句意 "…她能让新的总额到达她随身携带的现金额" 可知是 "使total到达一个值"，故选C。
8：C
考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现，露面；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，故选C。
9：D
考查动词辨析。A. store储存；B. select选择；C. deliver递送；D. bag把……装入袋中。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是把买来的东西装袋，故选D。
10：A
考查名词辨析。A. stranger陌生人；B. cashier收银员；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据下文（13空所在的句子）可知母亲问这位女士的姓名和地址，好去还钱；证明母亲不认识这位女士，因此选择陌生人，故选A。
11： D
考查动词词组辨析。A. looked for寻找；B. talked about谈论；C. threw away扔掉；D. put back放回。根据句意 "这是你……的东西"，递给母亲的正是她刚刚去掉（即放回商店）的医用酒精和肥皂，可知是填 "放回去" ，故选D。
12：B
考查名词辨析。A. receipt收据；B. soap肥皂；C. cash现金；D. bottle瓶子。根据句意 "递给母亲的正是医用酒精和……" 并结合上文可知，正是6空所在句子中提到的酒精和肥皂，故选B。
13：A
考查动词辨析。A. asked问；B. waited等待；C. cared关心，在意；D. searched寻找。根据句意 "她问这位女士的姓名和地址，好来还钱" 可知是询问，故选A。
14：A
考查动词辨析。A. repay 归还，偿还；B. trust 信任；C. recognize 认出；D. help 帮助。根据句意可知母亲询问女士的姓名地址以便把钱归还给她。故选A。
15：C
考查名词辨析。A. luck 运气；B. chance 机会，可能性；C. gift 礼物；D. turn （轮流的）机会。根据上下文可知，母亲想要把钱会给她，但是她拒绝了，因此此处意为：这是送你的（礼物）。故选C。
16： C
考查形容词辨析。A. surprised 惊讶的；B. amused 逗乐的；C. touched 感动的；D. convinced 坚信的。空格后的her gesture指的是上文陌生人的好心帮助，由此可知母亲的情感为 "感动的"。故选C。
17：A
考查连词辨析。A. in case 万一；B. even if 即使；C. as though 好像；D. so that 以至于。根据句意：母亲决定给收银员5美元，万一别人也遇到同样的事情，也就是上文母亲遇到的买东西时钱不够的情况。故选A。
18：B
考查名词辨析。A. energy 能量；B. money 金钱；C. space 空间；D. time 时间。根据句意：没有足够的钱买下所有的东西。故选B。
19：C
考查名词辨析。A. faith 信念；B. courage 勇气；C. kindness 善良；D. honor 荣耀。根据上文这位陌生人对母亲的帮助可知此处为 "感谢你的善良举动"。故选C。
20：A
考查词组辨析。A. made her day 使她心情愉悦； B. changed her mind 改变她的想法； C. caught her eye 吸引她的眼球；D. met her demand 满足她的要求。根据句意可知陌生人的善意不仅帮助了我们母亲，同时也使她心情愉悦。故选A。

2.【2021年6月全国甲卷】
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was      1      at the hotel on business and planning to      2      some friends in the area. They had asked him to      3      some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east. So he      4      a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was      5      that it would be too warm, he      6      it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was      7      and well chilled（冷却） and he      8     .
That's when things went      9      Eyy temenier walking down the long      10      and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls, " Burchill said in a recent letter of       11      to the 4-star hotel.“The seagulls immediately went      12      They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to      13      at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real      14      ."
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion（莽撞）. “I have      15      and I admit responsibility for my      16     , " he said in the letter. “I come to you,      17     , to apologize for the damage I had      18      caused and to ask you to      19      my lifetime ban from the hotel."
His letter      20     . Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
1.A.studying B.staying C.looking D.packing
2.A.visit B.help C.follow D.make
3.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste
4.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost
5.A.surprised B.pleased C.excited D.worried
6.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid
7.A.delicious B.safe C.soft D.ready
8.A.left B.nodded C.waited D.regretted
9.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind
10.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table
11.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation
12.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild
13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in
14.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge
15.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured
16.A.suffering B.plans C.madness D.actions
17.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the air C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground
18.A.indirectly B.deliberately C.cautiously D.secretly
19.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew
20.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared

【文章大意】本文是记叙文，文章讲述了主人公酒店出差住店时的一次不愉快经历。主人公住酒店时，拿出来的香肠吸引了鸽子，而让宾馆收到损失。最后事情得到了圆满解决，主人公又再次成为宾馆的座上宾，宾馆也欢迎他随时回来。
【解析】
1：D
考查动词。根据下文 "a suitcase full of pepperoni" 和 "he   26   it out on the table near an open window" 可知，Burchill装了满满一箱子的腊肠，因为担心太热，温度过高，他把香肠放到窗户的桌子上，一遍香肠可以冷却。由此可以推断他当时正在酒店收拾行李。A. studying 学习，研究B. staying待着C. looking看 D. packing打包，故选D。
2 ：A
考查动词。根据下文 "They had asked him to  23   some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east." 可知他的朋友叫他带点香肠给他们，所以这里应该是他去拜访朋友或者看望朋友。A. visit拜访B. help      帮助C. follow追随      D. make 交朋友。故选A。
3 ：C
考查动词。根据上文，they 只带朋友，所以这里应该是让他带一些香肠过去。A. sell卖      B. have   拥有C. bring       带来D. taste 品尝。故选C。
4 ：A
考查动词。前面是bring在根据上文，Burchill正在打包，所以这里应该是把箱子填满了香肠。A. filled 填满  B. locked     锁上C. abandoned 放弃D. lost丢失。故选A。
5 ：D
考查形容词、副词。根据本句 "too warm" 所以这里应该是Burchill担心太热。A. surprised 吃惊的   B. pleased 高兴的    C. excited 兴奋的  D. worried担忧的。故选D。
6 ： D
考查动词。根据后问 "out on" 应该是他把香肠拿出来放到桌子上。A. dug 挖      B. cleared 清理     C. cut 剪断，切    D. laid放置。故选D。
7 ：B
考查形容词、副词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在桌子上没问题，所以他离开了。A. delicious美味的   B. safe安全的       C. soft柔软的       D. ready准备好的。故选B。
8 ：A
考查动词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在桌子上没问题，所以他离开了。A. left     离开     B. nodded 点头     C. waited 等待      D. regretted  后悔。故选A。
9 ：C
考查形容词、副词。这里根据文章的首段，加拿大维多利亚州费尔蒙特皇后酒店(Fairmont Empress Hotel)的尼克•伯奇尔(Nick Burchill)被列入黑名单，至少部分罪魁祸首应该是海边的鸟儿。这里go wrong表示发生了意外。A. go far   成功，扬名    B. go funny    变得可笑       C. go wrong出错，出毛病   D.go blind 失明。故选C。
10 ：C
考查名词。根据 "walking down the long   30__   and opening the door " 可以猜测这里应该是回了酒店，所以只能是走过长长的酒店的走廊。A. beach 海滩   B. driveway 车道  C. hall 走廊（熟词生义）D. table 桌子。故选C。
11 ：B
考查名词。根据下文 "I come to you,    37   , to apologize for the damage I had " 可以得知，这里应该是道歉。A. application申请B. apology道歉  C. request 请求     D. invitation 邀请。故选B。
12 ：D
考查形容词、副词。根据下文 "They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to    33    at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere." 可知，海鸥应该是着急出去。A. go hungry 饥饿的    B. go dead 死的；不起作用的    C. go missing 迷失的    D. go wild 疯狂的。故选D。
13 ：B
考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒   B. get out       出去     C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
14 ：A
考查名词。根据前面 "The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down" 可知，此时的状况应该是一团糟。A. mess 乱糟糟     B. puzzle 谜团       C. fight   斗争       D. challenge 挑战。故选A。
15 ：D
考查动词。空格后面我承认我对此事有责任，根据上文 "Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion伯奇尔年纪大了，也更聪明了，他把这件事归咎于年轻人的轻率行为" 和下文 "to apologize for the damage" 可以推测此时我应该是成熟了，长大了。A. recovered 恢复 B. retired 退休     C. escaped 逃跑    D. matured 成熟。故选D。
16 ： D
考查名词。同上，应该是为我的行为感到道歉。A. suffering 遭受      B. plans   计划       C. madness     疯狂       D. actions 行动。故选D。
17 ：C
考查短语。根据后文，为了道歉， 那么应该是毕恭毕敬的道歉。A. hands in pockets     两手抄兜B. nose in the air 目中无人       C. hat in hand 毕恭毕敬地    D. feet on the ground 脚踏实地。故选C。
18 ：A
考查形容词、副词。根据 "had caused" 在根据前文他的过失，所以很容易得知这里应该是无心之举。A. indirectly 间接地    B. deliberately 故意地       C. cautiously 小心谨慎地    D. secretly 秘密地。故选A。
19 ：C
考查动词。根据 "my lifetime ban from the hotel" 应该是请求移除对我的黑明显限制。  A. replace     代替B. remember       记得 C. reconsider 重新考虑     D. renew 更新。故选C。
20 ：B
考查动词。根据后文 "Burchill is now welcome to come back" 可知他现在已经不在黑名单中了，所以他的道歉是起了作用的。  A. arrived       到达B. worked 工作    C. ended 以……结束       D. disappeared 消失。故选B。



3.【2021.3天津】
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got      1      when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his      2      took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy      3     .
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was      4      his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the      5      of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed      6      to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt      7      a plan and posted it on the community website. He      8      to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again      9     . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the      10      to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty      11      bicycles. Then came more than 500      12      for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be      13      to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are      14      struggling.      15      simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to      16      skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.      17     , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great      18      for kids," said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a      19     , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the      20      that he can make on people."
1.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened
2.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route
3.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet
4.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace
5.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality
6.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission
7.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from
8.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered
9.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit
10.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse
11.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern
12.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements
13.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned
14.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly
15.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among
16.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social
17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile
18.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience
19.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion
20.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
【解析】
1 ：B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C.curicus好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据第一段最后一句 "After letting go of his anger and frustration" 可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
2 ：A
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文"After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy"可知，Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
3 ：C
考查副词词义辨析。句意∶在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B.together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文 "he found himself on a road to sympathy" 可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
4 ：D
考查动词词义辨析。句意∶对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文 "his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping" 可知，车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
5 ：A
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文 "he found few available" 可知，商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
6 ： C
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
7 ：A
考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
8 ：D
考查动词词义辨析。句意∶他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remember记得；B. refuse拒绝；C. hesitate犹豫；D. offer提议。结合后文 " to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it." 指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to dosth."主动提出做某事”。故选D。
9 ：C
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文"fix bikes free of charge"他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
10 ：B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
11 ： B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文 "He also asked for unwanted bikes," 可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
12 ：A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiry询问；B. advertisement广告；C. notice通知；D. announcement公告。根据后文"for detailed information"可知，此处指询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
13 ：D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. export出口；B. sell出售；C. lend借给；D. return返回、返还。结合后文'to their owners"指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
14 ：C
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文"folks who could truly use them"指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
15 ：C
考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在.……中间。结合后文"simply satisfying a materia need"表示"在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上"可知，应用介词upon。故选C。
16 ： A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意︰除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文"he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes."可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
17 ：D
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境可知，孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
18 ：D
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说∶"对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。"A. promise承诺；B.celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
19 ：B
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
20 ：C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响； D. progress进步。根据后文"he can make on people"可知为短语make impact on"对.……产生影响"。故选C。


二、2020年高考真题
1. 【2020·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
42．A．finished B．delayed C．considered D．tried
43．A．attended B．reserved C．cancelled D．run
44．A．shown B．found C．kept D．hidden
45．A．nice B．familiar C．useful D．real
46．A．battled B．debated C．discussed D．bargain
47．A．held B．left C．registered D．brought
48．A．chosen B．received C．ordered D．moved
49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
50．A．concrete B．unusual C．unappealing D．natual
51．A．appreciated B．touched C．researched D．witnessed
52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
53．A．expected B．surprised C．anxious D．ready
54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
55．A．apparently B．confidently C．eventually D．temporarily
56．A．owned B．borrowed C．sold D．stole
57．A．collected B．cleaned C．framed D．studied
58．A．suitably B．actually C．rightly D．specifically
59．A．girl B．artist C．family D．police
60．A．copies B．originals C．models D．presents
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
41．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。
42．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。
43．D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。
44．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。
45．A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。
46．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。
47．D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。
48．D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。
49．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。
50．B
考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。
51．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。
52．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。
53．B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。
54．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
55．C
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。
56．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。
57．D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
58．B
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。
59．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。
60．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。
2. 【2020·山东卷】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21．A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
22．A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
23．A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
24．A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
26．A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
27．A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
28．A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
29．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
30．A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
31．A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
32．A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
33．A．back B．top C．foot D．side
34．A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
35．A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
21．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
22．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
23．C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
24．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
25．A
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
26．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
27．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
28．
考查名词D词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
29．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
30．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
31．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
32．A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
33．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
34．D
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
35．D
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
3. 【2020·浙江卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36．A．dropped B．spotted C．carried D．returned
37．A．kids B．friends C．owner D．mother
38．A．ask about B．play with C．tend to D．run into
39．A．freed B．switched C．reunited D．examined
40．A．unexpected B．dangerous C．embarrassing D．difficult
41．A．Fortunately B．Generally C．Immediately D．Obviously
42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence
43．A．saw B．stopped C．remembered D．drove
44．A．crowd B．motorway C．field D．hill
45．A．take off B．catch up C．hold back D．get out
46．A．real B．best C．basic D．last
47．A．fixed B．noticed C．reached D．closed
48．A．resting B．running C．parking D．turning
49．A．sleep B．long C．rough D．busy
50．A．abandoned B．approached C．recognized D．repaired
51．A．unclean B．uncertain C．unhurt D．unhappy
52．A．arrived B．replied C．survived D．waited
53．A．ability B．dream C．luck D．idea
54．A．common B．confusing C．desirable D．awful
55．A．meal B．test C．job D．lesson
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！
36．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。
37．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
38．C
考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
39．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。
40．A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A。
41．D
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D。
42．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
43．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。
44．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。
45．B
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
46．D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。故选D。
47．C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。
48．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。
49．D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。
50．B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。
51．C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。
52．A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A。
53．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。
54．D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。
55．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A。

五、模拟演练
1、（湖北新高考9N联盟2022届高三联考）
One time, I was with a bunch of strangers in India. I was giving a(n) 21 about our products when power went out. It was in a dark hall, and I was with two other workmates. We were so 22 because we had invited all these people here. It was a 23 talk. We couldn't do anything about it. Our microphone(麦克风) was gone. There was no light. Everyone was sitting in 24 , and I couldn’t help but 25 , "Oh my goodness."
When the power went out, I felt like I should be in control of it, because I was 26 the event. While we were so embarrassed, we just kept 27 and talking in the dark, hoping people would stay. I felt it was really ridiculous because there were no windows and it was a dark hall.
All of a sudden, a man in the back put up his 28 , and put the little light from his phone on. Then two more people, then three people, finally the whole 29 came on, and everyone was 30 their light of their phone on us. It 31 the whole hall.
And so I got out my phone and took a 32 of everyone with their light shining at me. It was the most beautiful 33 —a feeling that we were all in this together. That was not anyone's fault, and we were just all here, 34 each other.
It was the most beautiful feeling of love from strangers I'd ever 35 .
21．A．concert B．presentation C．lecture D．instruction
22．A．frightened B．inspired C．embarrassed D．annoyed
23．A．public B．serious C．private D．superb
24．A．pleasure B．defence C．disorder D．darkness
25．A．resign B．sigh C．refer D．sign
26．A．hosting B．covering C．celebrating D．monitoring
27．A．setting out B．going about C．setting down D．going on
28．A．phone B．flash C．lamp D．light
29．A．students B．staff C．audience D．workmates
30．A．bringing B．shining C．gathering D．dawning
31．A．faded in B．went into C．filled in D．lit up
32．A．picture B．charge C．comfort D．notice
33．A．spot B．friction C．scene D．facility
34．A．teaching B．supporting C．appreciating D．devoting
35．A．spread B．found C．expressed D．experienced

【答案】
21．B
22．C
23．A
24．D
25．B
26．A
27．D
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在印度进行一个产品演示的时候突然停电了，观众们拿出手机照亮了整个大厅，这让作者觉得这是作者经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在做关于我们产品的演示，突然停电了。A. concert音乐会； B. presentation演示；C. lecture讲座；D. instruction指导。由后文的“about our products when power went out”可知，我是正在做关于我们产品的演示，故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很尴尬，因为我们邀请了这么多人。A. frightened害怕的；B. inspired能力卓越的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed生气的。由“because we had invited all these people here”可知，我们邀请了这么多人，突然停电后我们应该是觉得尴尬，故选C。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次公开演讲。A. public公开的；B. serious严肃的；C. private私人的；D. superb极好的。由前面的“It was in a dark hall”和“we had invited all these people here”可知，我们邀请了很多人，因此这是一次公开演讲，故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都坐在黑暗中，我忍不住叹了口气，“哦，我的天哪。”A. pleasure快乐；B. defence保卫；C. disorder混乱；D. darkness黑暗。由“There was no light”可知，停电了没有光，每个人都坐在黑暗中。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都坐在黑暗中，我忍不住叹了口气，“哦，我的天哪。”A. resign辞职；B. sigh叹气；C. refer参考；D. sign签名。由上文停电了和后面的“Oh my goodness”可知，此处表示我在叹气，故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：停电的时候，我觉得应该由我来控制，因为是我在主持这个活动。A. hosting主持；B. covering覆盖；C. celebrating庆祝；D. monitoring监视。由上文的“I should be in control of it”可知，我是在主持这个活动，故选A。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然我们很尴尬，但我们还是继续在黑暗中交谈，希望人们会留下来。A. setting out出发；B. going about走来走去；C. setting down写下；D. going on继续。由后文的“and talking in the dark”可知，虽然我们很尴尬，但我们还是继续在黑暗中交谈，空格处为“继续”，故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，后面的一个人把手机拿起来，把手机上的小灯打开了。A. phone手机；B. flash闪光；C. lamp台灯；D. light光。由后文的“put the little light from his phone on”可知，那个人是把手机拿起来，把手机上的小灯打开了。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 然后又是两个人，然后是三个人，最后所有的观众都打开了手机，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们。A. students学生；B. staff全体职工；C. audience观众；D. workmates同事。由“everyone was____10____ their light of their phone”再结合作者当时在作产品演示报告可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此是最后所有的观众都来了，故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 然后又是两个人，然后是三个人，最后所有的观众都打开了手机，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们。A. bringing带来；B. shining照耀；C. gathering聚集；D. dawning破晓。由“their light of their phone on us”可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此空格处为“照耀”，故选B。
31．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它照亮了整个大厅。A. faded in淡入；B. went into进入；C. filled in填写；D. lit up照亮。由前面的“everyone was____10____ their light of their phone on us”可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此是照亮了整个大厅，故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是我拿出手机，给每个人拍了张照片，每个人都用手电筒照我。A. picture照片；B. charge负责；C. comfort安慰； D. notice通知。由“I got out my phone and took a ____12____ of everyone with their light shining at me”可知，我拿出手机，给每个人拍了张照片，每个人都用手电筒照我，take a picture of为固定短语，意为“给……拍照”，故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是最美丽的场景——一种我们都在其中的感觉。A. spot斑点；B. friction摩擦力；C. scene场景；D. facility设施。结合上文内容可知，此处是指大家用手机帮我们照亮大厅的场景。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那不是任何人的错，我们只是在这里，互相支持。A. teaching教； B. supporting支持；C. appreciating感激；D. devoting奉献。停电的时候观众用手机的灯照亮了大厅，这是对彼此的一种支持，故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉。A. spread传播；B. found找到；C. expressed表达；D. experienced经历。由“It was the most beautiful feeling of love from strangers I'd ever”可知，这是我经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉，因此空格处为“经历”，故选D。
2、（湖南省岳阳一中2021-2022学年高三测试）
Sitting in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. Student after student passed my 21 carrying that day’s lunch, but if you looked deeper, there was more to 22 . There was more than just the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their hair. There was a lot more hidden under the 23 .
Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table, I waved 24 . She smiled weakly and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadn’t 25 recently that her mother was dying of leukemia, I would have never 26 anything was wrong and I may not have been as 27 and sympathetic, either. It suddenly 28 me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story.
I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our school knows—I don’t show any noticeable 29 except for a few coughs. I go about my day like any other kid, 30 with the realization that I have a 31 and terrifying future.
Before that day when I decided to 32 the world with a new perspective, I 33 myself almost every day. I thought only about myself and my heavy 34 . But I’ve now realized no one is 35 —we just need to accept the way we are.
21．A．order B．room C．table D．cafeteria
22．A．imagine B．compare C．observe D．exchange
23．A．uniform B．rules C．circumstances D．surface
24．A．politely B．wildly C．coldly D．impatiently
25．A．found B．noticed C．heard D．decided
26．A．Remembered B．suspected C．predicted D．regretted
27．A．willing B．outstanding C．understanding D．demanding
28．A．escaped B．satisfied C．hit D．attracted
29．A．diseases B．symptoms C．complaints D．weaknesses
30．A．but B．and C．or D．so
31．A．bright B．real C．serious D．dark
32．A．tolerate B．create C．change D．view
33．A．forgave B．pitied C．challenged D．encouraged
34．A．debt B．reward C．burden D．schedule
35．A．Changeable B．perfect C．unique D．different

【答案】
21．C
22．C
23．D
24．A
25．C
26．B
27．C
28．C
29．B
30．A
31．D
32．D
33．B
34．C
35．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者对生活的观察和进行的反思，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子，端着那天的午餐，但如果你深入观察，就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A. order订购；B. room房间；C. table桌子，餐桌；D. cafeteria自助餐厅。根据上文“Sitting in my school cafeteria,”可知，作者坐在自助餐厅了吃午餐，所以此处指学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌旁。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子，端着那天的午餐，但如果你深入观察，就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A. imagine想象；B. compare比较；C. observe观察；D. exchange交换。根据上文“but if you looked deeper,”可知，此处表示作者认为有更多的有待观察的东西。故选C项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。A. uniform校服；B. rules规则；C. circumstances情况；D. surface表面。根据上文“but if you looked deeper,”以及常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是表面的东西，深入观察可以发现表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。故选D项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我被邻桌一个同年级女生的目光所吸引，我礼貌地挥了挥手。A. politely礼貌地；B. wildly疯狂地；C. coldly冷冷地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据上文“Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table”可知，作者礼貌地给女孩打招呼。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. found发现；B. noticed注意到；C. heard听说；D. decided决定。根据常识可知，此处指作者听说了这个女孩家里的不幸。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. remembered记住；B. suspected怀疑；C. predicted预测；D. regretted后悔。根据“. If I hadn’t　 recently that her mother was dying of leukemia”可知，此处指如果不听说女孩的故事，就不会怀疑有什么问题。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. willing愿意的；B. outstanding突出的；C. understanding理解；D. demanding要求高的。根据前文句意以及后文“and sympathetic”可知，此处指作者对对方表示理解和同情。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，我们在不了解整个故事的情况下，太快地去判断别人。A. escaped逃脱；B. satisfied使满意；C. hit使突然想起；D. attracted吸引。It hit(s) sb that…“使某人突然想起……”是固定句型，符合句意，说明作者突然明白了这个道理。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校里没人知道——除了几声咳嗽，我没有表现出任何明显的症状。A. diseases疾病；B. symptoms症状；C. complaints抱怨；D. weaknesses弱点。根据语境及后文中的“except for a few coughs”可知，此处指一些不为人注意的症状。故选B项。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活，但我意识到我有一个黑暗而可怕的未来。A. but但是；B. and并且；C. or或者，否则；D. so因此。根据语境可知，前文“I go about my day like any other kid”和后文“with the realization that I have a ____11____ and terrifying future”是转折关系。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活，但我意识到我有一个黑暗而可怕的未来。A. bright明亮的；B. real真实的；C. serious严重的；D. dark黑暗的。根据前文“I have an incurable lung disease.”和后文“terrifying”可知，作者意识到自己未来并不光明（是黑暗的）。故选D项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我决定用新的视角看待世界之前，我几乎每天都在自怜。A. tolerate容忍；B. create创造；C. change改变；D. view仔细查看，把……视为。根据前文中的“I looked around”以及“but if you looked deeper”和后文“with a new perspective”可知，作者自那天之后，以一种新的视角看待世界。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我决定用新的视角看世界之前，我几乎每天都在自怜。A. forgave原谅；B. pitied怜悯，可怜；C. challenged挑战；D. encouraged鼓励。根据前文“I have an incurable lung disease.”和后文“I thought only about myself”可知，作者只考虑自己，因自己的不可治愈的疾病而自怜。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只想着我自己和我沉重的负担。A. debt债务；B. reward奖励；C. burden负担；D. schedule时间表。根据前文“I have an incurable lung disease.”以及前句中“I pitied myself almost every day.”可知，在作者决定用新视角看世界之前，作者几乎每天都可怜自己，应该是把身患疾病看作沉重的负担。故选C项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我现在意识到没有人是完美的，我们只需要接受我们本来的样子。A. changeable多变的；B. perfect完美的；C. unique独特的；D. different不同的。根据前文“I have an incurable lung disease.”以及后文“we just need to accept the way we are”可知，此处指每个人都不是完美的。故选B项。
3、（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021-2022学年高三入学考试）
A year after he died. Benjamin Canlas' love of helping others lives on.
The Canlas couple created a foundation to honor their son and his 21 .Benjamin once saw a food seller riding a 22 bicycle, To help, Benjamin used his own money that he had 23 to fix it. After their son's 24 , his parents saw away to connect private donors with those in need to 25 their son.
In the Philippines, many jobs have been lost as a 26 of the coronavirus crisis.Many have had to take odd jobs in different people's homes, which 27 more traveling from one place to another. However, public transportation has been 28 .So many people must walk for hours to get to these jobs. Benjamin's parents had the idea to 29 bikes to help.
When the contest was announced, they did not know how much 30 there would be. At first, their plan was to donate 7 bicycles. But then they 31 more than 55 requests. At last, 27 people were awarded bicycles, which helped make their lives 32 .
Even if the contest ended, kindness 33 .The foundation said there were people still in need. It is planning more 34 to help more people while also 35 others to be kind and help others.
21．A．life B．kindness C．education D．bravery
22．A．second-hand B．traditional C．broken D．fashionable
23．A．saved B．lost C．stolen D．borrowed
24．A．birthday B．retirement C．death D．graduation
25．A．remember B．touch C．encourage D．disappoint
26．A．history B．cause C．record D．result
27．A．suggests B．stops C．means D．agrees
28．A．limited B．arranged C．offered D．ruined
29．A．look after B．give away C．fix up D．search for
30．A．time B．investment C．value D．interest
31．A．analyzed B．offered C．received D．made
32．A．safer B．easier C．more colorful D．more meaningful
33．A．continues B．changes C．finishes D．appears
34．A．classes B．projects C．businesses D．competitions
35．A．forcing B．allowing C．expecting D．inspiring

【答案】
21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．A
26．D
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．D
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．B
35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡兰斯夫妇创立了一个基金会来纪念他们的儿子和他的善意，以及希望这种行为能够激励其他人变得善良和帮助他人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡兰斯夫妇创立了一个基金会来纪念他们的儿子和他的善良。A. life生活；B. kindness善良；C. education教育；D. bravery勇敢。根据上文“Benjamin Canlas' love of helping others lives on.”可知，此处表示本杰明的善意。故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰明曾经看到一个食品贩子骑着一辆破自行车。A. second-hand二手的；B. traditional传统的；C. broken坏的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据下文“to fix it”可知，破自行车才需要修理。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本杰明，他用自己存的钱去修理。A. saved攒钱；B. lost丢失；C. stolen偷；D. borrowed借。根据上文“his own money”可知，此处表示自己攒的钱。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿子死后，他的父母设法将私人捐赠者与那些需要纪念他们儿子的人联系起来。A. birthday生日；B. retirement退休；C. death死；D. graduation毕业。根据上文“A year after he died”中的关键词“died”可知，此处表示在他们的儿子死后。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：儿子死后，他的父母设法将私人捐赠者与那些需要记住他们儿子的人联系起来。A. remember记得；B. touch触动；C. encourage鼓励；D. disappoint失望。根据上文“The Canlas couple created a foundation to honor their son and his kindness.”可知，此处表示为了记住他们的儿子。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在菲律宾，由于冠状病毒危机，许多人失去了工作。A. history历史；B. cause原因；C. record记录；D. result结果。根据下文“the coronavirus crisis”可知，此处表示由于冠状病毒，许多人失去了工作。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人不得不在不同的人家打零工，这意味着更多的人从一个地方到另一个地方往返。A. suggests建议；B. stops停止；C. means意味着；D. agrees同意。根据上文“different people's homes”可知，此处是对上一句话的解释说明。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，公共交通一直受到限制，许多人必须步行数小时才能找到这些工作。A. limited限制；B. arranged安排；C. offered提供；D. ruined毁坏。根据下文“So many people must walk for hours to get to these jobs”可知，许多人步行是因为公共交通受到限制。故选A项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：本杰明的父母想出了赠送自行车来帮助孩子的主意。A. look after照看；B. give away捐赠；C. fix up修理；D. search for搜寻。根据下文“bikes to help”可知，此处表示捐赠自行车。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当比赛宣布时，他们不知道会有多少人感兴趣。A. time时间；B. investment投资；C. value价值；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“27 people were awarded bicycles”可知，一开始他们的计划是捐赠7辆自行车，后面捐赠了27辆，此处表示很多人感兴趣。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随后他们收到了超过55个请求。A. analyzed分析；B. offered提供；C. received接收；D. made制作。根据下文“At last, 27 people were awarded bicycles.”可知，此处表示收到了超过55个请求。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，27人被授予自行车，这使他们的生活更轻松。A. safer更安全的；B. easier更轻松的；C. more colorful更多姿多彩的；D. more meaningful更有意义的。根据上文“helped make their lives”可知，此处表示他们获得自行车后，生活会更轻松一些。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使比赛结束，善意仍在继续。A. continues继续；B. changes改变；C. finishes结束；D. appears出现。根据下文“to help more people”可知，此处表示善意仍在继续，会一直帮助需要帮助的人。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它正在计划更多的项目来帮助更多的人，同时也鼓励其他人变得善良和帮助他人。A. classes班级；B. projects项目；C. businesses商业；D. competitions竞赛。根据下文“to help more people”以及句意可知，此处表示计划更多的慈善项目。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它正在计划更多的项目来帮助更多的人，同时也鼓励其他人变得善良和帮助他人。A. forcing强迫；B. allowing允许；C. expecting期望；D. inspiring鼓励。根据下文“others to be kind and help others”以及句意可知，此处表示他们希望自己的行为能激励其他人帮助他人。故选D项。
4、（江苏省如皋中学2021-2022学年高三测试）
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from dehydration(脱水) and fear. Their caretakers 21 their wounds, and 22  them in baskets with the only thing that was 23 －the leaves of eucalyptus (桉树) tree. As miserable fires have 24 more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been 25  from the smoky trees and 26  ground.
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not 27  from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for 28  and wait for the danger to 29 .
But during big fires such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to 30 . Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree 31 , the animals may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death.
The tough situation of the koala has raised 32  among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者). While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new 33 , not just from climate change but also from human development, which has dislocated koalas' populations, 34  their ability to survive fires.
We have these 35  animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake-up call.
21．A．touched B．treated C．ignored D．discovered
22．A．threw B．locked C．laid D．forced
23．A．familiar B．plentiful C．tough D．flexible
24．A．reached B．left C．burned D．trapped
25．A．killed B．recognized C．hurt D．rescued
26．A．deadly B．black C．broad D．safe
27．A．escape B．die C．suffer D．rise
28．A．balance B．protection C．abortion D．comfort
29．A．attack B．come C．pass D．swap
30．A．jump B．climb C．fall D．survive
31．A．top B．leaves C．trunk D．root
32．A．passion B．concern C．fear D．interest
33．A．chances B．collisions C．neighbors D．threats
34．A．weakening B．developing C．enriching D．ensuring
35．A．shabby B．unprotected C．unconscious D．unique

【答案】
21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
31．A
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示世人保护动物。
21．考查动词辨析。句意：它们的护理员处理它们的伤口，把它们和唯一熟悉的东西——桉树的叶子一起放在篮子里。A. touched触碰，接触；B. treated对待，处理；C. ignored忽视，无视；D. discovered发现。根据空后的“their wounds”可知，此处表示“处理”它们的伤口。故选B。
22．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. threw投掷；B. locked把……锁起来；C. laid放置；D. forced强迫。根据空后的“them in baskets”可知，是把它们放在篮子里。故选C。
23．考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plentiful丰富的；C. tough艰苦的；D. flexible灵活的。根据空后的“the leaves of eucalyptus (桉树) tree”以及常识可知，考拉以采食桉树叶为主，因此桉树叶是它们熟悉的东西。故选A。
24．考查动词辨析。句意：在澳大利亚，可怕的大火已经烧毁了200多万英亩的土地，只有几十只考拉从烟雾缭绕的树林和黑色的土地中获救。A. reached到达；B. left离开；C. burned烧毁；D. trapped使……陷入险境，陷入圈套。根据空前的“miserable fires”可知，大火烧毁了200多万英亩的土地。故选C。
25．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. killed杀死；B. recognized认出，辨别；C. hurt伤害；D. rescued营救。结合上下文语境和“only dozens of koalas”可知，此处表示只有几十只考拉获救。故选D。
26．考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. deadly致命的；B. black黑色的；C. broad宽阔的；D. safe安全的。结合上文“miserable fires”可知，土地被烧过了就变成了黑土。故选B。
27．考查动词辨析。句意：考拉不像袋鼠、鸟或蛇，它们不从火中逃生，而是爬到树顶，在那里它们可以蜷缩成一个球来保护自己，等待危险过去。A. escape逃脱；B. die死亡；C. suffer遭受；D. rise上升，攀升。根据空后的“from fires but instead climb trees to the top”可知，它们不是从火中逃脱，而是爬到树的顶端。故选A。
28．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. balance平衡；B. protection保护；C. abortion流产；D. comfort安慰，舒适。根据空前的“curl themselves into a ball”可知，蜷缩成一个球是为了保护自己。故选B。
29．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. attack袭击，攻击；B. come来；C. pass通过，终止；D. swap交换。结合上文内容可知，考拉不会从火中逃脱，而是蜷缩成一个球保护自己，从而等待危险过去。故选C。
30．考查动词辨析。句意：但是在重大火灾中，比如最近几周发生的火灾中，这些动物存活的可能性要小得多。A. jump跳；B. climb爬；C. fall落下，掉落；D. survive幸存，生还。根据下文“the animals may over heat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death”可知，考拉在火灾中生还的几率还是很小的。故选D。
31．考查名词辨析。句意：即使大火本身没有烧到树顶，这些动物可能会过热而掉到地上，在那里它们会被烧死。A. top顶部；B. leaves树叶；C. trunk树干；D. root根，根茎。根据上文“but instead climb trees to the top”可知，考拉会逃到树顶，但即使大火没有烧到树顶部，考拉也可能会由于温度过高而掉到地上。故选A。
32．考查名词辨析。句意：考拉的困境引起了科学家和环保主义者的关注。A. passion热情；B. concern关心，关注；C. fear害怕；D. interest兴趣。根据空前的“The tough situation of the koala”可知，考拉的艰难处境引起科学家和环保人士的关注。故选B。
33．考查名词辨析。句意：虽然考拉已经进化到可以在森林大火中生存，但它们面临着新的威胁，不仅来自气候变化，还来自人类的发展，人类的发展使考拉的数量发生了变化，削弱了它们在火灾中生存的能力。A. chances机会；B. collisions冲突；C. neighbors邻居；D. threats恐吓、威胁。根据空后的“not just from climate change but also from human development”可知，考拉也面临着新的生存威胁。故选D。
34．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. weakening削弱；B. developing发展；C. enriching充实，使……丰富；D. ensuring确保。根据语境和常识，人类的发展使考拉的数量发生了变化，削弱了它们在火灾中生存的能力，故选A。
35．考查形容词辨析。句意：我们有这些在这个星球上其他地方都找不到的独特的动物，我们正在杀死它们。A. shabby破旧的；B. unprotected未受保护的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. unique独一无二的。结合常识可知，考拉是澳大利亚的国宝，是独特的稀有物种。故选D。
5、（江苏省如东高级中学2021-2022学年高三检测）
Nancy is a kindergarten teacher in Mason City. One day Camden, one of the 4-year-old boys in her class, came to her with a 21 about his dad, Derreld. Nancy's heart 22 seeing this little boy so 23 and upset. She promised Camden that she would do whatever she could to assist. He believed her and knew that she would keep her 24
The moment school was out, Nancy rushed to the 25 . She had done all the required tests and 26 all the necessary paperwork. Finally, she was given the 27 by her doctors, and she was told that she was a 28 match.
The day had finally arrived. The doctors that were 29 the procedure were the best transplant surgeons in the hospital. In fact, 30 the surgeons had done everything in their power for the procedure to be a success, there were no 31 . There was always that chance that it wouldn't work. 32 ， Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・
A teacher's 33 is to teach the kids in her class information that will help them for the rest of their school career and life. However, this teacher went 34 her duty when one of her pupils 35 her.
21．A．gift B．secret C．note D．promise
22．A．pounded B．failed C．raced D．sank
23．A．sad B．excited C．curious D．annoyed
24．A．position B．state C．word D．balance
25．A．house B．playground C．hospital D．office
26．A．filled out B．looked through C．took down D．handed out
27．A．advice B．permission C．medicine D．refusal
28．A．worrying B．temporary C．perfect D．abnormal
29．A．making B．using C．following D．performing
30．A．if B．even though C．the instant D．when
31．A．results B．rewards C．guarantees D．qualities
32．A．Fortunately B．Normally C．Initially D．Directly
33．A．expectation B．honour C．description D．responsibility
34．A．beyond B．within C．towards D．opposite
35．A．scared B．comforted C．trusted D．suspected

【答案】
21．B
22．D
23．A
24．C
25．C
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．B
31．C
32．A
33．D
34．A
35．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位老师信守诺言，为自己的一名学生的父亲捐肾的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，Camden，她班上四岁的男孩之一，来找她，告诉她一个关于他父亲Derreld的秘密。A. gift礼物；B. secret秘密；C. note笔记；D. promise承诺。由下文描述可知，小男孩的父亲需要肾移植，小男孩把这个秘密告诉了老师Nancy。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这个小男孩如此伤心难过，Nancy的心情低沉。A. pounded连续砰砰地猛击；B. failed失败；C. raced和……比赛；D. sank下沉。根据常识和空后seeing this little boy so 　　3　　 and upset. 可知，得知小男孩父亲的遭遇，并看到小男孩难过，所以Nancy的心情低沉。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sad悲伤的；B. excited激动的；C. curious悲伤的；D. annoyed恼怒的。由下文 upset可知，空处需用sad，表示小男孩伤心难过。故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信她，知道她会信守诺言。A. position位置；B. state状况，状态；C. word诺言；D. balance平衡。由He believed her可知，小男孩相信老师会信守诺言。故选C。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校一放学，Nacncy就赶到医院。A. house房屋；B. playground操场；C. hospital医院；D. office办公室。根据后文Finally, she was given the 　7　 by her doctors,可知，Nancy去了医院。故选C。
26．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她已经完成了所有必需的检查，并填写了所有必需的文件。A. filled out填写；B. looked through浏览；C. took down取下，记下；D. handed out分发。根据空后all the necessary paperwork及下文做手术可知，手术之前应签署各种文件。故选A。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，她得到了医生的允许，并被告知她是一个完美的匹配。A. advice建议；B. permission许可； C. medicine药；D. refusal拒绝。由后文Nancy捐肾的事情可知，Nancy捐肾的请求得到了医生的允许。故选B。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. worrying令人担心的；B. temporary短暂的；C. perfect完美的；D. abnormal非正常的。根据下文Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・可知，Nancy的肾与男孩父亲完美匹配。故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：执行手术的医生是医院里最好的移植外科医生。A. making做；B. using使用；C. following跟随；D. performing做，表演。根据the procedure可知，执行手术的医生是医院里最好的移植外科医生。故选D。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使外科医生们竭尽全力让手术成功，但也不能保证手术成功。A. if如果；B. even though即使；C. the instant一……就； D. when当……时候。由下文“There was always that chance that it wouldn't work.”可知，即便配型成功，移植手术也不能保证一定成功。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. results结果；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. guarantees保证；D. qualities质量。根据后文There was always that chance that it wouldn't work.可知，不能保证手术成功。故选C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运地是，Derreld的身体接受了Nancy的肾。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Normally正常地； C. Initially最初；D. Directly直接地。根据后文Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・可知，因为他们肾配型成功，所以这很幸运。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师的职责是在课堂上教给孩子们知识，这些知识将帮助他们度过余生。A. expectation期待；B. honour荣誉；C. description描述；D. responsibility职责，责任。根据空后to teach the kids in her class information that will help them for the rest of their school career and life.可知，此处是在谈论教师的职责。故选D。
34．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是，当一位学生“信任”她时，这位老师超越了她的职责。A. beyond超出；B. within在……里面； C. towards朝向；D. opposite在……对面。Nancy为男孩的父亲捐肾，所以Nancy老师的付出远远超出了教师本应承担的责任。故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. scared使害怕；B. comforted安慰；C. trusted信任；D. suspected怀疑。空处需用动词trusted与第一段中的语句“She promised...He believed her...”相呼应，升华了坚守诺言的主题。故选C。
6、（山东省青岛市2021-2022学年高三测试）
She is over a century old,but she hasn 't let that stop her from working.At 102,Romay Davis 21 drives herself to the grocery store each day for 22 .
Now,during Black History Month,Davis is being honored for her 23 with a grant（拨款）be named after her.Through the Romay Davis Grant Program,charities will receive 24 in the fight for racial equality and social 25 .Davis is 26 of the grant in her name as she is a pioneer herself.She served in the first all-Black Women Army 27 overseas during World War II.Then after the war,she started her 28 in fashion as a designer in model in New York for 30 years.Throughout her life,she 's also 29 other milestones including a master 's degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo（跆拳道）and more.She 30 for the first time in 1982.After her husband died in 2001,she 31 to go back to work and was 32 by the grocery store in Winn-Dixiein 2001 at the age of82.In 2019.Romay 33 her 100th birthday."As we celebrate Ms.Romay,we are all moved by her life-long 34 and strong work ethic（职业道德）,which 35 others to be their best,"said Anthony Hucker,CEO of Winn-Dixie,Southeastern Grocers.
21．A．often B．still C．skillfully D．yet
22．A．work B．shopping C．pleasure D．fun
23．A．jobs B．ages C．stores D．contributions
24．A．criticism B．support C．benefit D．information
25．A．justice B．skill C．life D．development
26．A．fond B．aware C．worthy D．sure
27．A．required B．rooted C．organized D．stationed
28．A．style B．career C．study D．adventure
29．A．missed B．found C．planned D．achieved
30．A．fought B．pursued C．retired D．failed
31．A．refused B．feared C．mentioned D．decided
32．A．hired B．met C．paid D．offered
33．A．celebrated B．passed C．interviewed D．employed
34．A．sympathy B．independence C．devotion D．dream
35．A．reminds B．inspires C．advises D．leads

【答案】
21．B
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．D
28．B
29．D
30．C
31．D
32．A
33．A
34．C
35．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Romay Davis个人经历以及所取得的成就，她激励着其他人做到最好。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A. often经常；B. still仍然；C. skillfully熟练地；D. yet 但是。根据下文“but she hasn 't let that stop her from working”可知，102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A. work工作；B. shopping购物；C. pleasure快乐； D. fun乐。根据下文“but she hasn 't let that stop her from working”以及“go back to work and was ____12____ by the grocery store in Winn-Dixiein 2001 at the age of82”可知，102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选A项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，在黑人历史月，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰，一项拨款以她的名字命名。 A. jobs工作；B. ages年龄；C. stores 商店； D. contributions贡献。根据“Davis is being honored for her”以及“she is a pioneer herself”可知，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰。故选D项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过Romay Davis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。 A. criticism批评；B. support支持；C.benefit益处；D.information信息。根据“Through the Romay Davis Grant Program”可知，慈善机构获得支持。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过Romay Davis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。A. justice公平；B. skill技能；C. life生活； D. development发展。根据“racial equality”可知，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Davis 名副其实，因为她自己就是个先锋。A. fond喜欢的； B. aware有意识的；C. worthy值得的；D. sure确定的。根据“as she is a pioneer herself”可知，Davis 名副其实。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二次世界大战期间，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。A. required要求； B.rooted根植于；C.organized组织；D.stationed使驻扎。根据“overseas during World War II.”可知，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：战后，她开始了自己的时尚生涯，在纽约当了30年的模特设计师。A. style风格；B. career职业；C. study学习； D. adventure冒险。根据“as a designer in model in New York for 30 years.”可知，，她开始了自己的时尚生涯。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就，包括硕士学位、跆拳道黑带等。A. missed错过；B. found发现；C.planned 计划；D.achieved完成，获得。根据“including a master 's degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo（跆拳道）and more.”可知，在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在1982年第一次退休。A. fought打仗；B. pursued 追求；C. retired 退休；D. failed失败。根据下文“go back to work”可知，她在1982年第一次退休。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A. refused拒绝； B. feared 害怕；C.mentioned 提及；D.decided决定。根据上文“After her husband died in 2001”可知，2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位。故选D项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A. hired雇佣；B. met见面；C. paid支付；D. offered提供。根据上文“go back to work”可知，她于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2019年，Romay Davis庆祝了她的100岁生日。A. celebrated庆祝； B.passe通过；C.interviewed面试；D.employed雇佣。根据下文“celebrate”可知，Romay Davis庆祝了她的100岁生日。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A. sympathy同情； B. independence独立； C.devotion热爱；D.dream梦想。根据下文“strong work ethic（职业道德）”以及上文“contributions”可知，我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A. reminds提醒；B. inspires鼓励；C. advises 建议；D. leads引导。根据上文“we are all moved”可知，她激励其他人做到最好。故选B项。
7、（重庆市2022届高三入学诊断）
When my mother told me stories about Emily, her grandmother, who she admired, I was all ears. My mother drew a 21 between Emily and Jacqueline Kennedy, former US president’s wife. Mom described her 22 features: a long graceful neck and a tiny waist. “Emily was just like Jacqueline,” Mom said. “But their origins wouldn’t 23 : Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”
Emily attracted me. Not until 2005 did my research on ancestry really start to 24 , for the reason that I was no longer 25 . “When does your new job start?” asked my mother. “I refuse to take a job for at least a year,” I replied. My mother had no 26 with such words. “Anyway, you should have a job.” I remained 27 and didn’t explain it. But I felt I must 28 my job to collect more stories about my 29 .
I 30 my mother’s line to a place called Cane River. I found the bill of shameful slave sale for my great-great-great grandmother, who was 31 in 1850 for $ 800. I had to write the stories. This time the novel Cane River was sold in a（n） 32 way.
One day, the phone rang, “Hello, this is Oprah Winfrey, the talk show hostess.” I couldn’t believe my ears. I responded in 33 , “Hello, Ms Winfrey. What can I do for you today?” She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which 34 led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a 35 readership than I expected.
21．A．parallel B．diagram C．picture D．symbol
22．A．moral B．physical C．mental D．psychological
23．A．change B．repeat C．fit D．work
24．A．fall through B．heat up C．get across D．fade away
25．A．supported B．believed C．employed D．limited
26．A．luck B．problem C．alternative D．patience
27．A．angry B．sad C．silent D．active
28．A．leave B．accept C．choose D．introduce
29．A．Colleagues B．ancestors C．partners D．kids
30．A．followed B．imagined C．recited D．directed
31．A．hired B．fined C．profited D．sold
32．A．Embarrassing B．glorious C．improper D．identical
33．A．horror B．difficulty C．advance D．surprise
34．A．finally B．approximately C．rarely D．potentially
35．A．smaller B．stricter C．broader D．worse

【答案】
21．A
22．B
23．C
24．B
25．C
26．D
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．A
31．D
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。对家族史的好奇驱使作者不顾一切地前去探寻，最终完成了《凯恩河》这部小说，且成为畅销书。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲把Emily和美国前总统夫人Jacqueline Kennedy相提并论。A. parallel相似特征；B. diagram图表；C. picture图画；D. symbol符号。根据后文母亲所说“Emily was just like Jacqueline”可知，母亲在她的祖母Emily和前第一夫人的Jacqueline Kennedy之间找到了相似点，draw a parallel“找到相似点；相提并论”。故选A项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈描述她的身体特征：长而优雅的脖子和细细的腰。A. moral道德的；B. physical身体的；C. mental智力的；D. psychological心理的。根据后文“a long graceful neck and a tiny waist”可知，母亲描述她的身体特征。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但他们的出身并不一样：艾米丽举止优雅，说话轻声细语，但可能生来就是奴隶。”A. change变化；B. repeat重复；C. fit适合，一致；D. work工作。根据常识以及后文“Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”可知，Emily与Jacqueline Kennedy的出身并不一样。故选C项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. fall through落空，失败；B. heat up加热，升温；C. get across把……弄清楚；D. fade away逐渐变暗。根据前文“Emily attracted me.”以及后文“But I felt I must ___8___ my job to collect more stories about my ___9___.”可知，Emily吸引了作者，使作者想要收集更多的故事，因此推断，作者对祖先的研究开始升温。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. supported被支持；B. believed被相信；C. employed被雇用；D. limited被限制。根据后文母亲所问“When does your new job start?”可知，作者失业了，不再被雇佣。故选C项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲对这样的话没有耐心。A. luck运气；B. problem问题；C. alternative备选方案；D. patience耐心。根据后文母亲所说“Anyway, you should have a job.”可知，母亲对作者所说“I refuse to take a job for at least a year”，不赞同，没耐心去理解作者的意图。故选D项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我保持沉默，也没有解释。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. silent沉默的；D. active积极的。根据后文“and didn’t explain it”可知，作者没有解释和争吵，而是保持沉默。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. leave离开；B. accept接受；C. choose选择；D. introduce介绍。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，她失去工作而不想马上找工作，所以，此处指作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. colleagues同事；B. ancestors祖先；C. partners伙伴；D. kids孩子。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，根据前文“my research on ancestry”可以推断，作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着我母亲的路线来到了一个叫凯恩河的地方。A. followed跟随；B. imagined想象；C. recited背诵；D. directed导演。根据后文“my mother’s line to a place called Cane River”可知，作者追随着母亲的路线进行实地探访。故选A项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现了我曾曾曾祖母可耻的奴隶买卖法案，她在1850年以800美元的价格被卖掉。A. hired雇用；B. fined罚款；C. profited获益；D. sold出售。根据历史常识和前文“the bill of shameful slave sale”及后文“for $ 800”可知，作者的祖先作为奴隶被贩卖。故选D项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次小说《凯恩河》卖得很好。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. glorious值得称道的，极好的；C. improper不诚实的，不正当的；D. identical相同的。根据后文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which ___14___ led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a ___15___ readership than I expected.”可知，作者的小说卖的很好。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地回答道：“你好，Winfrey女士……” A. horror恐怖；B. difficulty困难；C. advance前进；D. surprise惊讶，惊喜。根据前文“I couldn’t believe my ears.”可知，作者很惊讶。故选D项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. finally最后；B. approximately大概；C. rarely很少；D. potentially潜在地。根据前文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club”以及后文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，这是最终的结果。故选A项。
35．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. smaller更小的；B. stricter更严格的；C. broader更广泛的；D. worse更糟的。根据前文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，读者比作者想象的要更多（更广泛）。故选C项。