专题25 书信类04（求助信、祝贺信、慰问信） -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用）

这是一份专题25 书信类04（求助信、祝贺信、慰问信） -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用），文件包含专题25书信类04求助信祝贺信慰问信原卷版doc、专题25书信类04求助信祝贺信慰问信解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。

以下对求助信、祝贺信、慰问信类别提供对应的模板和基本写作技巧。
十、说明文
说明文用来解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程，自然现象或社会现象产生的原因，工程的规划或问题的解决方案等等。
1. 说明事物的顺序
我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：
1、时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。
2、空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地说明。
3、逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。
2. 说明事物的方法
1、定义法。定义法的目的是让不知此事物的人对此物有一个起码的了解，以利于下文的展开。如：A thermmeter is an instrument used fr measuring temperature. 就是对thermmeter下了一个定义。有些事物也许不好下个明确定义，但我们可以交待这个事物的背景，来源，或列举出它的一些典型特征，以便让读者明白。这类事物可以是术语，也可以是外国人所不了 的中国的传统事物，如龙舟节等。
2、举例说明法。举出具有代表性的例子，能够真切地说明事物，化抽象为具体，使段落变得有血有肉，丰富起来。举例时常用的表达有：fr example(例如)，fr instance(例如)，as an example f (作为……的例子)，take… fr example (以……为例)等。
3、比较法。为了突出事物鲜明的特点，我们常把它与其他事物进行比较。比方说我们想向读者介绍什么是“电脑”，我们可以说“It’s a kind f electrical r artificial (人工的)brain.”这样把电脑和人脑进行了比较，从而使人们对“电脑”有更清晰的认识。
4、细节描述法。介绍一种事物，仅用概述性的词语如beautiful, friendly, bring, gd 或bad 是不够的。作者要提供一些细节，使被描述的对象更加形象具体，从而加深读者的印象。
除上述几种方法外，我们还可以通过引经据典 (即引用专家、名人等的话语)、列举数字等其他方法说明一件事物，从而使文章更加严密，内容更具有科学性，更有说服力。也可以综合运用多种方法。
3. 写作模板
模板01（主题型）
①________ is a mst effective _______t _______. ②Fr mst peple, it’s almst impssible t ______. ③________is really _________.④With the functins f _______,it enables us t _______.⑤It can even ______. ⑥Just imagine, all this can be dne with _______. ⑦A cnvenient tl can certainly make _______, but it desn’t always help _______.⑧T much _________.⑨T many ________.⑩Relying t much n _______ makes ________.
①点明要介绍的事物的必要性 ②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义 ③该事物优势或显著特点 ④该事物的作用 ⑤进一步说明该事物的作用 ⑥说明该事物的重要性 ⑦承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面 ⑧该事物的负面影响一 ⑨该事物的负面影响二 ⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。
模板02（说明原因型）
Nwadays, there are mre and mre in sme big cities. It is estimated that ____________________.（用具体数据说明某现象）
Why have there been s many ? Maybe the reasns can be listed as fllws. The first reasn is that __________________.（原因一）Besides, __________________.（原因二）The third reasn is __________________.（原因三）T sum up, the main cause f is due t__________________ .（指出主要原因）
It is high time that smething shuld be dne. Fr ne thing, __________________.（解决建议一）
Fr anther thing, . All these measures will certainly __________________.（解决建议二）
模板03（描述事物型）
What I have knwn abut is that _________________.（具体描述某事物）
Firstly, __________________.（描述要点一）__________________.（具体阐述要点一）Secndly, __________________.（描述要点二）（具体阐述要点二）__________________. As a cllege student, __________________.（结合自身描述要点三）
All in all, __________________.（做出总结）Therefre, we shuld __________________.（提出建议）
模板04（问题解决型）
In recent days, there has been a prblem , which is becming mre and mre serius.（说明问题及其现状）First, __________________. Secnd, __________________.（进一步阐释现状）
We shuld take a series f effective measures t cpe with the situatin. Fr ne thing, ________. Fr anther thing, ________. Finally, ________.（列举解决该问题的方法）
Persnally, I believe that ________/Cnsequently, I’m cnfident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________.（结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由）
模板05（说明利弊题型）
Nwadays, many peple prefer A because it is playing a mre and mre imprtant rle in ur daily life. Generally/Generally speaking/On the whle, its advantages can be seen as fllws./it has the fllwing advantages. First f all, _________________ (A的优点之一). Besides,/What’s mre, _________________A的优点之二）.
Hwever, every cin has tw sides./Everything has bth advantages and disadvantages. The negative aspects are als apparent./Its disadvantages are als bvius. One f the imprtant disadvantages is that _________________ (A的第一个缺点)．T make matters wrse,/T make the matter wrse,/T make things wrse/What’s wrse, _________________(A的第二个缺点)．
Thrugh the abve analysis, I believe that the psitive aspects verweigh the negative nes./The abve analysis shws us that it has mre advantages than disadvantages. Therefre, I wuld like t _________________ (我的看法)．
(Frm the cmparisn between these psitive and negative effects f A, we shuld take it reasnably and d it accrding t the circumstances we are in. Only in this way can we_________________(对前景的预测)．)
4. 高频词句
1简要说明图表内容的句型： 从图表可以看出
The table/chart shws that …
As can be seen frm the chart…
Frm the table/chart/frms we can see…
The table tells us that…
2表示变化/比较的句型：
There was a great / slight increase/rise in …
There has been a sudden /slw/rapid fall/ drp in… It is 20% lwer /higher than…
The number/rate has nearly dubled, as against that f last year.
The number is … times as much as that f…
It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by … times/ … percent/ 2/3.
3说明原因的句型：
The reasn fr …is that…
One may think f the change as a result f…
The change in… largely results frm the fact that…
There are several causes fr this significant grwth in … First…This brings ut the imprtant fact that…
4 结尾句型：
In summary, it is imprtant….
Frm what has been discussed abve, we may draw the cnclusin that…
Obviusly, if we want t…, it is necessary ….
There is n dubt that attentin must be paid…
5. 高考真题
【真题1】2021.3天津卷：假设你是晨光中学的李津。我市为外国友人提供生活信息的某英文网站新增了《最美中华》栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个国内你喜欢或去过的地方。内容包括：
（1）该地方的基本情况（如名称、地理位置等）；
（2）该地方的特色（如文化、景点等）；
（3）你对该地方的印象和感受。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。
A Beautiful Place in China
March 19, 2021
By Li Jin
Sichuan Prvince is lcated in suthwestern part f China. It enjys many wrld-famus places f interest, such as Jiuzhaigu and Dujiangyan lrrigatin prject.
Jiuzhaigu Natinal Park is a nature reserve in the nrth f Sichuan Prvince. What is the mst impressive is its many multi-level waterfalls and clrful lakes. What's mre, walking in the nature reserve, yu have a chance t see rare animals like giant pandas, glden mnkeys. There are als many species f rare plants prtected here. Anther famus scenic spt is Dujangyan lrrigatin Prject. It dates frm ver 2, 000 years ag. Hwever, it is still playing an imprtant part in irrigatin tday.
I'm sure the visitrs will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiazhaigu as well as the cnstructin Dujiangyan lrigatin Prject.
【真题2】2018全国3卷
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信
内容包括：
1. 学校的体育场馆；
2. 主要的运动项目；
3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
Hw are yu ding? Yu asked me abut hw ur schl perfrms ur PE classes in yur last letter, s I'm writing t share with yu sme details.
Equipped with tw playgrunds as well as a splendid stadium, ur schl ffers us an pprtunity t d a variety f sprts. Nt nly dwe take vlleyball and basketball curses, but ur schl als hlds all kinds f sprts cmpetitins. Amng all sprts, I'm crazy abutvlleyball. As far as I'm cncerned, there is nthing better than playing vlleyball, which cntributes t us cperating with thers.
Lking frward t hearing frm yu again!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【真题3】2016年四川卷
某中学生英文报正举办＂The Seasn I Like Best＂的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：
1. 你最喜欢的季节；
2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好；
3. 行文连贯，语篇完整；
4. 文中不得透露个人真实信息。
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【思路点拨】
审题时考生需要注意三点：1. 既然是为征文活动写的短文，那么最好增加标题(题干已给出)，注意和书信类的应用文有所区别。2. 如前所述，内容主体虽然只涉及两个大方面，但陈述两条理由的时候需要有层次地展开：既可以从客观事实和主观感受两方面来写，也可以从季节本身的自然属性和发生在季节中的人文活动入手，这是该作文要求中比较灵活的部分。3. 需要增加文章开头和结尾部分，以保证语篇的完整性和逻辑的通畅性，这是该作文要求中比较开放的部分。这三点，是难点，也是失分点。
【参考范文】
The Seasn I Like Best
Each f us knws that there are fur seasns a year. Different peple like different seasns; my favurite seasn is spring. I lve t smell the fragrance f flwers, see the new green trees and hear the singing f small birds. There are many busy butterflies and bees ver the flwers. Smetimes it rains, but usually rains quietly. The rain mistens the trees and the flwers. And I can play utside, t! Whether we like riding bikes, jgging r ging n lng walks, spring allws us t enjy utdr activities that we had t put n the back burner during winter. Of curse, there are many ther reasns t explain why I’m s excited abut spring. Thank yu, spring!
【技巧点拨】
事物介绍类书面表达属于说明文。说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：事物介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析和购物指南等。写这类文章需要注意以下几点：
1. 首先要审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点。
2. 写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；
明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。
3. 时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史，要用一般过去时；语态可能会用到被动语态；若是介绍地点、环境等，要善于运用there be结构。
4. 人称多以第三人称为主。
【真题4】2020.7全国二卷
上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1. 农场情况； 2. 采摘过程； 3. 个人感受。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；2. 题目已为你写好。
题目：My Weekend
My Weekend
Last weekend，we tk part in a picking activity. We drve frm the schl, and the farm was abut 2 kilmeters away frm ur schl. When we arrived at the farm, there are all kinds f animals, green fresh vegetables and fruit trees in the farm. We were divided int tw grups. One grup was respnsible fr picking fruits, the ther packed up the fruits. Time flying quickly, the activity was ver. But it was a meaningful day, when we learn a lt frm it. Thrugh this activity, we knw hw hard the farmers are and hw precius the fd is. We shuld treasure the fd planted by the farmers.
十一、求助信
1. 考情分析
①第一种类型：请求提供信息
如：“我”要去海外求学，请求对方提供相关学校的学费、住宿等信息。这种请求信也叫“咨询信”，
【内容分析】
a.客观描述（靠翻译）
b.喜爱/推荐原因
重点准备：中国文化类，如节日，中国结，唐诗等中国元素相关的内容。
②第二种类型：请求对方付出建议或者某种行为（脑力或体力）
如：“我”要参加竞赛，请对方给“我”建议；
“我”是校报编辑，请求对方写文章。此种请求信也叫“约稿信”。
约稿信的变体：“我”是主办方代表，请求对方为某次展览提供摄影或绘画作品。
2. 布局思维导图
3. 写作模板
Dear ______ (称谓)
I am ______(自我介绍) . I am writing t seek fr yur help in______(写信目的).
Nw, I struggle a lt in ______(遇到的困难). I’ve fund that ______(描述自己的困难). Fr ne thing, ______(困难一). Fr anther, ______(困难二).
Therefre, culd yu please put frward sme practical suggestins? I am cnvinced that I will benefit a lt frm yur valuable and timely advice.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd respnd at yur earliest cnvenience.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
4. 写作实操技巧
假设你是高三学生李华，今年的高考阅读量加大，而你的阅读能力较差，因此学习的压力越来越大。请你根据你下内容向你的前外教Mr Jacksn 求助。希望得到他的帮助。
注意：词数 80 左右，可合理添加细节。
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【模板套用】
Dear Mr Jacksn (称谓)
I am Li Hua, preparing fr the Natinal Cllege exam (自我介绍) . I am writing t seek fr yur help in imprving my English (写信目的).
Nw, I struggle a lt in English reading(遇到的困难). I’ve fund that with the cllege entrance appraching I feel mre stressed than ever(描述自己的困难). Fr ne thing, we have t read mre articles in the exam and all the teachers attach great significance t the capability f reading, asking students t expand vcabulary and d mre exercises (困难一). Fr anther, hard as I try, I still find it hard t imprve, which even makes me can’t sleep (困难二).
Therefre, culd yu please put frward sme practical suggestins? I am cnvinced that I will benefit a lt frm yur valuable and timely advice.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd respnd at yur earliest cnvenience.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
5. 仿写演练
假定你是李华，你正在为期中考试紧张复习，但最近你遇到了一些问题导致无法集中精力学习。于是你给学校心理老师Kate写了一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下:
1.作业多，没时间运动；
2. 压力大，难以入睡；
3. 希望得到Kate的帮助
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【模板范文】
Dear Kate (称谓)
I am Li Hua (自我介绍) . I am writing t seek fr yur help in imprving my English (写信目的).
Nw, I struggle a lt in my study(遇到的困难). I’ve fund that hardly d I take sprts due t t much hmewrk (描述自己的困难). Fr ne thing, it’s difficult fr me t fall asleep every night (困难一). Fr anther, the high expectatin frm my parents makes me extremely feel stressed (困难二).
Therefre, culd yu please put frward sme practical suggestins? I am cnvinced that I will benefit a lt frm yur valuable and timely advice.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd respnd at yur earliest cnvenience.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
6. 高考真题
【真题1】（2020全国III）假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:
1. 剧情简介；2. 指导内容；3. 商定时间地点。
注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 结束语已为你写好。
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Dear Miss Evans,
Hw is everything ging! I am writing in sincerity t ask yu a favr regarding a play we adapted accrding t the textbk.
We’d like t cmbine yur culture with urs by adapting the classic nvel The Steambat fr a shrt English play. The play is set n a big strm after midnight, n the raft dwn the river navigatin, we see a steambat that is ging t sink. We saved a scared by. Hwever, the adaptin is quite a challenge. Having written the English script, we dn’t want anything inapprpriate t spil the play. S wuld yu please spare sme time t review the draft script attached t this email and make necessary changes? If it is cnvenient, may I pay yu a visit at yur ffice next Tuesday t give yu mre details?
Given yur busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if yu ffer t give sme prfessinal advice. Lk frward t yur early reply. Best regards!
Yurs truly,
Li Hua
【真题2】（2016·新课标卷I）李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（frmat）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear MS Jenkins,
I’m Li Hua. I plan t take a part-time jb in a freign cmpany during the summer hliday. I have already filled in the applicatin frm and had my resume ready fr it. Hwever, I am nt sure abut the wrds and frmat. Therefre, I am writing t ask fr yur help and prfessinal advice.
Wuld yu please spare sme time t read thrugh the materials attached? Wuld yu mind finding ut the mistakes in terms f wrds and frmat? Besides, I’d like yu t crrect the mistakes fund in the materials and frmat.
I wuld much appreciate it if yu culd d me a favr. I am lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【真题3】（2013·新课标卷I）假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：
李明：高个子，戴眼镜
航班号：CA985
到达：8月6日上午11:30
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
Hw are yu ding?
I’m writing t tell yu that my uncle Li Ming is ging t yur city fr a cnference, and I’ve asked him t bring yu the Chinese painting yu’ve asked fr befre.
Als, I’d like yu t d me a favr. Wuld yu please meet my uncle at the airprt and take him t his htel since this is his first visit t the U.S.? Thank yu in advance!
His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11:30 am, August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua

十二、祝贺信
1. 布局思维导图
2. 基本模板
Dear ______ (称谓)
I am writing t extend t yu my utmst cngratulatins n ______(祝贺事由). As ______(身份关系), I just want yu t knw hw delighted I was when______(祝贺事由) .
Fr these years, yu ______(被祝贺人过去的经历). Nt nly did/have/were______(被祝贺人的努力), but als______(被祝贺人的努力). It is a reward yu richly deserve fr yur ______(被祝贺人的优点) .
All my best wishes fr an even mre prsperus future!
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
3. 写作实操技巧
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Michael在学校举办的“中国诗词大会”比赛中获得了外国选手组一等奖。请根据以下提示写一封英文电子邮件向他表示祝贺。
1. 祝贺他获奖；
2. 肯定他付出的努力；
3. 询问何时方便，一起交流一下中国古诗词学习心得。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
中国诗词大会 Chinese Petry Cntest
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Dear Michael (称谓)
I am writing t extend t yu my utmst cngratulatins n yur winning the first prize f yur grup in the Chinese Petry Cntest (祝贺事由). As yur friend(身份关系), I just want yu t knw hw delighted I was when I knw yur success(祝贺事由) .
Fr these years, yu’ve shwn great interest in Chinese petry and kept n reciting pems every day (被祝贺人过去的经历). Nt nly have yu accumulated much knwledge abut Chinese petry (被祝贺人的努力), but als yu have frmed a deep understanding f it (被祝贺人的努力). It is a reward yu richly deserve fr yur appreciatin twards thse pems (被祝贺人的优点) .
All my best wishes fr an even mre prsperus future!
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
4. 仿写演练
假设你是李华，来自美国的交流生Peter 在你班学习半年，与你成为好朋友。目前，他即将完成学成回国，请你用英语给他写一篇临别留言。要点包括：
1.祝贺Peter学习汉语取得的成绩；
2. 取得成绩的原因；
3. 你们的友谊和对他的祝愿。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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【模板范文】
Dear Peter (称谓)
I am writing t extend t yu my utmst cngratulatins n yur achievement in yur study (祝贺事由). As yur friend(身份关系), I just want yu t knw hw delighted I was when I knw have achieved yur gal (祝贺事由) .
Fr the past six mnths, yu astnished us with yur amazing talent in learning Chinese well in a shrt f time (被祝贺人过去的经历). Nt nly are yu diligent and active, which is vital fr Chinese learning (被祝贺人的努力), but als yu have shwed yur genuine passin fr Chinese reading, which enables yu t have a gd memry fr Chinese characters (被祝贺人的努力). It is a reward yu richly deserve fr yur enthusiasm (被祝贺人的优点) .
Still I knw it’s time fr us t say gdbye. All my best wishes fr an even mre prsperus future!
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua

十三、慰问信
1. 布局思维导图
2. 基本模板
Dear ______ (称谓)
Wrds fail me t cnvey my wrry when I heard that ______(写信原由). I am writing t extend sincere pity and care fr yu (I hpe that the unexpected failure/truble wn’t let yu dwn).
Yu must ______(表达对遭遇的理解). Hwever，if yu were brave enugh nt t ______(悲观失望等), which is admirable. Anyway，It can’t be better if yu can lift yur spirits t face up t the result. Plus, ______(提供建议或帮助) . Remember, I wn’t be far away.
I hpe yu can find my encuragement helpful（Hpe yu can have yur trubles remved sn）.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua

2. 写作实操技巧
假定你是李华，你的同班同学王刚的家乡遭受台风(Typhn Mujigae)的袭击，洪水毁坏了家园。你作为班长给他写一封信，内容如下：1. 表示安慰和关心；2. 提供帮助。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【模板范文】
Dear Wang Gang (称谓)
Wrds fail me t cnvey my wrry when I heard that a hrrible and severe Typhn Mujigae hit yur hmetwn and yur huse is in ruins (写信原由). I am writing t extend sincere pity and care fr yu.
Yu must have suffered a lt frm the accident(表达对遭遇的理解). Hwever，if yu were brave enugh nt t let ut a cry (悲观失望等), which is admirable. Anyway，It can’t be better if yu can lift yur spirits t face up t the result. Plus, we will spare n effrt t help yu. We’ve made a dnatin f sme mney, expecting it can help yu g thrugh the difficulty. As fr the lessns yu have missed, I am willing t help yu make them up(提供建议或帮助) . Remember, I wn’t be far away.
Hpe yu can have yur trubles remved sn.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
3. 仿写演练
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说他现在心情很不好，因为在上周结束的校篮球比赛中，他所在的班级篮球队以一分之差输了。请你给他写一封信，内容如下：1. 表示安慰；2. 提出建议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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【模板范文】
Dear Mike (称谓)
Wrds fail me t cnvey my wrry when I heard that yur team lst the basketball match last weekend (写信原由). I am writing t extend sincere pity and care fr yu.
Yu must have been in bad md (表达对遭遇的理解). Hwever，if yu were brave enugh nt t be depressed(悲观失望等), which is admirable. Anyway，It can’t be better if yu can lift yur spirits t face up t the result. Plus, the essence f cmpetitin lies nt in victry but in participatin. Besides, yu can als benefit frm yur lss by figuring ut yur strengths and weaknesses (提供建议或帮助) . Remember, I wn’t be far away.
I hpe yu can find my encuragement helpful.
Yur sincerely,
Li Hua
段落要点
首段
求助目的
正文
具体求助内容
结尾
再次表示期望和感谢。