专题03 引导词-备战2021年高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧

备战2021年高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧专题03 引导词 引导词，这部分不是像语法书上给出一系列语法知识点，而是结合考题直接整理常考的考点以及例子（判断引导词步骤：一 判断什么从句（看位置决定），二 看从句中缺什么成分。一般名词性从句缺成分选what，定从缺成分选that。）1. 名词性从句(主宾表同四种从句总称)引导词 分类词性词义作从句的成分连接词That常省略-------Whether/if是否----连接代词Who(ever)无论（谁）主，表Whom(ever)无论（谁）宾Whose(ever)+n.无论（谁的）主，宾，表，定Which(ever)无论（哪一个）几乎不用主，宾，表，定What(ever)无论（什么）主，宾，表，定连接副词When(ever)什么时间状where(ever)什么地方状How+adj怎样状why为什么状 （2）各个从句常用句型：主语从句常用句型It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……It is possible that...很可能……It is unlikely that...不可能……It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that...似乎……It happened that...碰巧……It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that...据说……It is known to all that...众所周知……what...is......是….What attracts sb is that..What makes sb.+adj.is that..What I hope is that...What matters is that..宾语从句常用句型当句中的动词后接两个或以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省，所以作文中不要用简单的一句宾从，要并列两个才有水平。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．Think/find/feel/consider/make it +adj+sb+to do sth.  认为..如何  使得...如何表语从句常用句型（表从多出来三个引导词）It seems as if ...似乎...That's because/why...这是因为/这就是为何...补充：系动词有哪些，且系动词无被动状态系动词：只有be一词。如：
持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。
表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。
感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。
She’s growing fat. 她正在发胖。
终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。如：
His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。
  2.定语从句引导词  词性先行词成分关系代词Who人主，宾，表whom人宾Which可省物主，宾，表that人，物主，宾，表as人，物主，宾，表Whose+N.人，物定关系副词When=介词+which时间词状where=介词+which地点词状why=for+whichReason状That（口语中替代关系副词） 状 定从中介词后+which表物，+whom表人。Eg.there is a pair of glasses without which I can’t see.He is that kind of person to ___ I tell everything. 定语从句常用句型建议用where/when/why等关系副词引导的句子来修饰地点、时间和原因Eg. I went for lunch at a place where I didn’t go before.Which非限制性定从有能力可以尝试介词+which/whom引导的定语从句Eg there are two people neither of whom I know. 3.状语从句引导词时间状引导词：
when, while, as, before, after, since（从句用过去时，主句完成时）, until (till) once, as soon as一....就..., the moment 一....就.., the minute一....就.., immediately一....就.., directly一....就.., each/every time每次..., the first time第一次..., the last time最后一次..., next time下次...., by the time截止到..., whenever无论何时等。其中：when和while区别为when百搭，而while只加延续性动作。      When和as区别为when表当...时，而as多表随着....eg as time goes by.... as the population grows      The moment不和when连用，这个在真题中出现过。（the moment when I get up, I find.....）      Since为完成时态标志，主句为完成时，从句为过去时。（I have learned English since I ___(go)to primary school.）      Until考点在放在强调句中。结构：it is not until......that.....(it is not until I graduate that my father buys me a car.) 让步状引导词：though, although（although和but不连用，但可和yet still连用）, as; even if即使, even though即使; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever 条件状引导词： 条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句：if如果, unless除非, suppose, supposing, providing (that), provided (that), given (that), in case, on condition that, as long as只要=so long as,=so far as 原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于……) 结果状语从句常由下列连词引导：so ...that，such ...that，so that等。五种结构：   ① so+adj./adv.+that ...   ② such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that ...   ③ so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that ...    ④ so many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that ...   ⑤ such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ that  eg. It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming. 目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等In case后从句用虚拟语气，即动词为did形式。方式状语从句由下列连词引导：as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though 比较状语从句由下列连词引导：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) as…as, 比较级 + than…等特殊引导词：the more … the more…. ;  A is to B what /as X is to Y;          eg.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine