专题09 时态语态-备战2021年高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧

备战2021年高考英语语法填空秒杀思维和技巧专题09 时态语态 动词时态语态，这部分不是像语法书上给出一系列语法知识点，而是结合考题直接整理常考的考点以及例子 时间方式一般进行完成完成进行现在Write/writesam/is/are doneAm/is/are writingam/is/are being doneHave/has writtenhas/have been doneHave/has been writing过去Wrotewas/were doneWas/were writingHad writtenhad been done 将来Shall/will writeWill be doneShall/will be writing  过去将来Should/would write    1.V1时态语态常考：（1）一般现在时下的三单：V+s/es（不定代词做主语常三单）主谓一致A. 语法一致√of结构中心词在前面eg. The results of the research___(be)to be published soon.The sharing of personal experience___(include)our tears as well as our dark dreams____(be)the surest way to deepen friendship.√.复合不定代词anyone/everything等做主语，谓语动词为单数eg. If anyone__(see)Lisa,ask her to call me.√.we /you/they each或each of us/you等做主语，谓语动词为单数eg. Each of the students ___(have) an apple.√.all做主语指人，则为复数，如all指物，则谓语动词为单数eg. All____(be)equal before the law.All ___(be)well that ends well.结局好一切就好。（定从）All of结构中谓语动词和of后名词保持一致eg.All of the money__(be)hers.All of the students__(be)thirsty for knowledge.√.不定式或动名词做主语谓语动词为单数eg.Having to change the trains___(is)a small inconvenience.√.many a+名词，many than one+名词，谓语动词为单数eg. Many a page__(be)missing.意义一致√.形式为单数但意义是复数的police/cattle，谓语动词为复数eg. The police ___(have) not made any arrests.√.表示一类人的the+adj.(poor/rich),谓语动词为复数eg The rich ___(be)to help the poor.√.表示某国人的总称，the Chinese/the British,谓语动词为复数eg. The Chinese ___(be)hard-working.√.以-s结尾但是意义为单数的词news,maths,physics,谓语动词为单数eg.The news is exciting.√.单复数同型的词sheep/means，集体名词family/class等谓语动词与实际意义一致。eg. Three sheep___(be)eating grass. Not every means_(be)useful.The class ____(consist)of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.就近一致There be/or/either...or/neither...nor/not only...but also...，尤其是there be的演变形式常考。eg. There____(seem)many problems.Neither you nor I___(be)wrong.难点√.两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接表整体，谓语动词为单数eg. Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.不断试错√.名词+with/together with/as well as/rather than/except,则谓语动词由第一个名词决定eg. Tom as well as two of his friends ___(be)invited to the party.√.表示时间、重量、距离、价格等的复数名词做主语，谓语动词为单数eg. Twenty years ___(be)a long time in one’s life.√.分数/half/the rest/most of+名词做主语，谓语动词与of后名词一致eg. The rest of the students ___(be)going to play tennis.√.kind/form/sort/series of+名词，谓语动词取决于这些词的单复数。eg. All kinds of difficulties___(have)to be overcome.√.a number of +N,谓语动词为复数，而the number of+N,谓语动词为复数eg. The number of students from the north __(be)small.A number of students___() from the north.√.one of the …+n复数结构中，从句谓语动词为复数，而在the only one of the …+n复数结构中, 定语从句谓语动词为单数eg he is the only engineers who has come up with a solution. （2）过去时：标志词 at one time曾经 the other day前几天多考察不规则变化（见专题10） （3）完成时：标志词/yet/since/s already/yet/since/so far到目前为止/recently最近/over the past few years过去几年/ever/never/for+时间段/up to now直到现在。Eg.   Since 2011, the country____(grow)....(2018-2-1)    一句话如有第一个动词过去时，则第二个动词常考had done结构eg. We didn’t know how he ___(past)the exam.（4）常考被动态的词汇：sb. is/are/was/were allowed(2016-1-2)/permitted允许/invited邀请/required要求（2017-1-3）/asked/called要求/named被命名/told（2017-3-3）Sarah___(tell)that she.... 告诉/held/encouraged/inspired鼓励/determined 下决心/admitted被录取 to do等  特殊情况下的时态选择：(1)It is high time that sb. Did sth.是时候做…了(2)It is the +序数词+time that sb. Has done sth.第几次某人做…(3)Sb. Suggest/advise/insist/request/command that sb. should do sth.坚持、建议、命令、要求某人…完整的：  一个坚持：insist
  两个命令：order,command
  三个建议：suggest(suggestion),advise(advice),propose（proposal）
  四个要求：demand,require,demand,desire  (4)情态动词后考be done 只需把done换成具体形式。2016-3-2Eg.truly the chopsticks might ___(make)of gold.(5)In case sb. did sth.以防某人…eg Take your umbrella in case it ___(rain).(6)      虚拟语气 从句主句现在DidwereWould/could/should/might过去Had doneWould/could/should/might have done将来Did/wereShould doWere toWould/could/should/might 虚拟语气标志词：if ,but for, without,wish，If only要是...就好了Eg.If she____(lose)her precious belongs, she could have lost far more important thing---her life.（辽宁鞍山一中2018年模拟） 省略if,提前were，should, had 错综时态Eg. If it had rained last month, the crops wouldn’t die now. (7)      情态动词+have done表示对过去的猜测 should (ought to) have＋过去分词意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
must have＋过去分词
用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。
may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；
can／could have＋过去分词
表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；