2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十七）关系代词（含语法填空短文改错真题讲解+知识总结）

这是一份2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十七）关系代词（含语法填空短文改错真题讲解+知识总结），共6页。试卷主要包含了as等内容，欢迎下载使用。
课堂真题讲解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
2． The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the gvernment started a siltesting prgram________ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
3． Many westerners ________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
4． But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
5． I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。
解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a siltesting prgram”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。
解析：wh/that 先行词是Many westerners，指人，故用wh/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
解析：wh 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用关系代词wh。
解析：that/which 根据语境和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1． In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse.________________
2． Arund me in the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.________________
The dishes what I cked were Mm's favrite.________________
解析：that→which 此句是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。
解析：they→that/which 分析句子结构可知，things作其后定语从句的先行词，并在从句中作主语，故关系代词用that或which。
解析：what→that/which或去掉what 分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，应用that/which引导。又因引导词在定语从句中作cked的宾语，可以省略，故也可以直接把what去掉。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
(一)关系代词的基本用法
1．wh
用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
But the persn wh tries t d smething and fails is a lt better ff than the persnwh tries t d nthing and succeeds.(作主语)
但是，努力过却失败的人比那些坐享其成的人要好得多。
2．whm
用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用wh代替；但是，若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whm直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用wh代替。
In ur class there are 48 students, half f whm are girls.(作宾语)我们班有48名学生，其中有一半是女生。
3．which
用于指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
She has a gift fr creating an atmsphere fr her students which allws them t cmmunicate freely with each ther.(作主语)在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。
4．that
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与wh, whm互换，指物时通常可与which互换，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
The ld twn has narrw streets and small huses that are built clse t each ther.(作主语)这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。
5．whse
表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于f which；指人时相当于f whm。
The bks n the desk, whse cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.(作定语)桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
6．as
(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构：①such＋名词＋as ... 意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；②such(＋代词＋)as ...，意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；③the same (＋名词＋) as ...意为“和……同样的”。
He is such a man as is always ready t help thers.(作主语)他是一个时刻准备帮助别人的人。
I have the same bk as yu (have)．(作宾语)
我有一本和你的一样的书。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如；像”。
“Yu can't judge a bk by its cver，” as the ld saying ges.(作宾语)正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”
[特别注意] 关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略，但其前有介词时一般不可省略。
(二)关系代词的两处关注点
1．5种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
D yu have anything that yu want t say fr yurself?
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the nly, the very (恰恰，正好), the last, all, n, few, little, any等修饰时；
This is ne f the mst exciting ftball games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the nly thing that we can d nw.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements that yu tld me abut are admired by us all.你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时；
Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别
She married again, which was unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
She married again, as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，
如see, hear, knw, expect, remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……，正像……的那样”