Unit 1 突破 语法大冲关 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

简单句的八种基本句型英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本句型由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)等构成。1．主谓(SV)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中谓语是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。2．主谓状(SVA)[观察典例] [归纳用法]该句型中谓语是不及物动词；副词、介词短语等作状语。3．主(系)表(SP)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语，其中的动词称为系动词。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：①表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等；②表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等；③表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。4．主谓宾(SVO)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词＋动词不定式和动词­ing形式。[即学即练1]　判断下面句子的句型。①His name is Johnson. (SP)②The young man cried. (SV)③ The little boy breathed deeply. (SVA)④The old man found his lost dog. (SVO)5．主谓宾状(SVOA)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中谓语是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，其后接宾语。副词、介词短语等作状语。6．主谓宾宾(SVOO)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中谓语是及物动词，后接两个宾语。这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。[名师点津]①跟双宾语需借助于to的动词：bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write等；②跟双宾语需借助于for的动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare等。7．主谓宾补(SVOC)[观察典例][归纳用法]该句型中谓语动词后虽然已接一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。[名师点津]用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，guess，imagine，judge，prove，see，suppose，take等。8．存现句[观察典例]There are many students in the playground.操场上有许多学生。There is a pen on the desk.桌子上有一支笔。[即学即练2]　判断下面句子的句型。①He put the apples on the table.  (SVOA)②My mum brought me a new dictionary. (SVOO)③She found her bike stolen.  (SVOC)④There are 66 students in our class.  (存现句)Ⅰ.指出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分1．His parents are well taken care of in the village. 主语2．He managed to finish the work in time. 宾语3．His wish is to become a scientist. 表语4．Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 谓语5．He noticed a man enter the room. 宾语补足语6．Would you tell me your advice？ 宾语7．I opened the window to let some fresh air in. 状语8．He was elected chairman of the company. 主语补足语9．The man is a black writer. 定语Ⅱ.判断下列句子的句型1．Time flies.  (SV)2．He enjoys reading.  (SVO)3．The sun keeps us warm.  (SVOC)4．The dinner smells good.  (SP)5．This is an English­Chinese dictionary. (SP)6．I want to have a cup of tea very much. (SVOA)7．Jack gave his little brother a present. (SVOO)8．There seemed to be no doubt about it. (存现句)Ⅲ.联词组句并判断其句型1．have，yellow，the，turned，leavesThe leaves have turned yellow.(SP)2．him，all，considered，honest，us，ofAll of us considered him honest.(SVOC)3．the，would，me，you，dictionary，pass，pleaseWould you please pass me the dictionary？(SVOO)4．successfully，have，they，plan，the，out，carriedThey have carried out the plan successfully.(SVOA)5．sun，east，the，in，rises，the，redThe red sun rises in the east.(SVA)6．look，things，the，after，boys，their，mustThe boys must look after their things.(SVO)7．begins，eight，the，English，at，class，o'clockThe English class begins at eight o'clock.(SVA)8．man，the，too，motorbike，the，on，travelling，fast，wasThe man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.(SVA)9．school，her，boy，of，to，he，take，out，asked，theHe asked her to take the boy out of school.(SVOC)10．a，the，around，restaurant，corner，is，thereThere is a restaurant around the corner.(存现句)