Unit 6 教学 知识细解码 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

1．complete v．完成→completion n．完成，结束→completive adj.完整的→completely adv.完整地，完全地2．design v．设计→designed adj.设计好的→designer n．设计师3．harm v．伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的4．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的5．prevent v．阻挡，防止→prevention n．预防，防范6．harmony n．融洽相处，和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的sheet n.床单，被单； 一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)；(冰或水等的)一大片①Be cautious！The road was covered with a sheet of ice.             一大片②How often do you changed your sheets on the bed to keep clean？床单③Please write down your names on this sheet of paper，will you？一张Words and Phrases　prevent v.防止，阻挡(教材原句P63)The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。[例]　Bad weather prevented me from setting out to enjoy the holiday.恶劣的天气使我不能动身去度假。[知识拓展](1)prevent...(from)doing sth.　阻止……做某事(2)与“prevent...(from)doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有：stop...(from)doing sth.；keep...from doing sth.(3)以上短语用于主动语态时，“prevent...from doing sth.”与“stop...from doing sth.”中的from可省略，而“keep...from doing sth.”中的from不能省略。“keep...doing”意为“让……一直做某事”。所以用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Social phobia(社交恐惧症)prevents people making(make)the normal，everyday mistakes that may help them improve their skills even further.②Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from being polluted (pollute).③Actually，there are grammatical mistakes made by students that keep them from writing good compositions.　in harmony with与……和谐相处(教材原句P63)But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。[例]　We are aware of the fact that we should live in harmony with nature.我们意识到这样的事实：我们应该和自然和谐相处。[知识拓展](1)sense of harmony　 和谐感out of harmony with    与……不和谐(2)harmonious adj.     和谐的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Devoted to keeping a lasting peace，we must live in harmony with one another.②The piano was out of harmony with the rest of the instruments in the concert last night.③Most countries are trying to form a harmonious (harmony)society to meet people's needs.[小片段填空]People's life here is full of harmony and at the same time，humans and nature make a harmonious picture.(harmony)　design vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲n.设计；设计方案；装饰图案；打算(教材原句P63)The terraces are cleverly designed，with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。[例]　Our company employed two famous architects to design a new meeting hall for us.我们公司雇用了两位著名的建筑师为我们设计了一座新的会堂。[知识拓展](1)designs sth.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物设计某物be designed for...　     为……而设计be designed to do...     意欲做……，目的是……(2)by design     故意地(3)designer n.     设计者；构思者[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The helping project is designed to help (help)those who have been longing to run a business.②Many famous books have adapted versions which are designed for the students of Grade 1­ Grade 2.③We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.[小片段填空]I like the design of the suit，which was designed by a famous designer．She graduated from a school of fashion design and the school is designed to attract talented people who are interested in fashion.(design)　(教材原句P63)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish，some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。(1)provide...for... 为……提供……[例]　The red cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.红十字会为难民提供食品和衣服。[知识拓展]provide v.　　　　　　 赡养；提供生计 为某人提供……provided/providing(that 从句)     假如；如果[即学即练]　单句语法填空①She has to provide enough money for/to her father.②The report was not expected to provide(provide)any answers.③We are here to provide the public with a service.④I will agree to go  provided / providing (provide)that my expenses are paid.(2)harm vt.& n．[U]伤害，损害[例]　Smoking a lot of cigarettes can harm one's health and even may kill people over a long period of time.长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死亡。[知识拓展](1)do sb./sth.harm＝do harm to sb./sth.　　　　　　　　　 伤害某人/物There is no harm in doing sth.  做某事无害(2)harmful adj.     有害的be harmful to sb./sth.  对某人/物有害(3)harmless adj.     无害的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①According to the study，using smartphone too often does harm to your eyes.②The polluted air will be harmful (harm)to people and animals around.③There is no harm in apologizing (apologize)to her first.[小片段填空]The lies he told harmed our friendship of many years .That really did harm to us.His lies were harmful to our long­last feelings.(harm)Sentence Patterns　无生命名词(作主语)＋see＋宾语(＋宾语补足语)(教材原句P62)Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠。句式分析：句中无生命的名词summer作主语，see在此处意为“见证；目睹”，是一种拟人的用法。[例1]　Dusk saw the old couple walking their dog together after supper。黄昏时，这对老夫妇吃完晚饭一起遛狗。[例2]　Our town has seen many changes since the new policy was put into effect.新政策生效后，我们镇上发生了很多变化。[知识拓展]表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，谓语通常是see，find，witness等动词，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生(某情况)，或经历了某事”。这种句式可以使语言表达更加生动、形象。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The twentieth century witnessed (witness)two world wars.②So far this stadium has seen(see)many thrilling football games.　what引导的主语从句(教材原句P63)But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。句式分析：句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。[例1]　What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。[例2]　What made us excited was that our class came first in the inter­class basketball match.让我们激动的是我们班在这次班级对抗篮球比赛中获得了第一名。[知识拓展]what在其引导的主语从句中可作主语或宾语。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但主语从句意义上表示复数时，谓语动词要用复数。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①What frightened me most was that the little boy wound the snake around his neck.②What we students need most is (be)enough sleep.③You need not get any more stamps；what we have are(be)quite sufficient.教材高考1.The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.(2019·北京卷)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.2.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.3.But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(2017 ·天津卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.4.The terraces are cleverly designed，with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.5.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish，some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D． Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The completion(complete)in August will bring us a new meeting hall.2．Eating too much sugar is harmful(harm)to your health.3．The new designer (design)seems not to fit in with us.4．The police were able to take preventive(prevent)action and avoid a possible riot.5．Making a harmonious (harmony)combination of colours will make the painting better.6．What we are doing now is (be)very difficult but of great importance.7．Granny wrapped(wrap)the small red shoes and smiled happily to me.8．As we all know，it is his efforts that have improved the quality of our products .9．Cycling is actually a good kind of exercise and therefore I go cycling with my friends every Sunday.10．TV shopping is attractive(attract)because you can buy things easily without going out.Ⅱ.短语填空thousands of，in harmony with，turn...into...，pass down，wash away，be home to，feed on，as far as，once again，prevent...from 1．Immediate measures should be taken to prevent air from being polluted.2．What is known to us all is that China is home to the golden monkey.3．Monkey King can turn his hair into any kind of things he needs.4．I don't expect you to do it once again，but you will be punished this time.5．The butterflies live in the forest and feed on flowers and leaves.6．The farming knowledge has been passed down from generation to generation.7．Our mission is to find ways for people to live in harmony with nature.8．Much of the top soil was washed away by large floods.9．I don't know why they walked as far as the river last night.10．Every year thousands of lives are lost in road accidents because of careless driving.Ⅲ.课文语法填空The Longji Rice Terraces 1.were built (build)by the local Zhuang and Yao people，to whom Guangxi is home.2.Starting(start)in the Yuan Dynasty，work on the terraces took hundreds of years，until 3.its (it)completion in the early Qing Dynasty.These terraces increase the areas 4.in which people grow rice.Besides，they can catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from 5.being washed(wash)away.But perhaps 6.what is most significant is the way in which people 7.have worked (work)in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.Although modern technology could help produce more 8.crops(crop)，new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.Today，the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of 9.visitors (visitor)who come to admire this great wonder created by people 10.and nature working together.