Unit 5 预习 新知早知道1 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(　　)1.professor A．n.a living thing that can move around(　　)2.chemical  B．adj.大西洋的(　　)3.creature  C．n.教授(　　)4.Atlantic  D．v.暴跌(　　)5.crash     E．n.something used in a chemical process[答案]　1－5　CEABDB．短语匹配(　　)1.lead to     A．处于困境；惹麻烦 (　　)2.feed on     B．导致(　　)3.cut down     C．确保，保证(　　)4.make sure     D．以……为食(　　)5.in trouble     E．砍倒[答案]　1－5　BDECAⅡ.默写单词1．charity n.　 慈善机构，慈善团体2．annual adj.  一年一度的，每年的3．seek v.     寻找，寻求4．measure v.     量，测量5．position n.     位置6．determine v.   测定，确定7．eventually adv.     终于，最终8．solution n.     解决，解决方法9．amazing adj.     惊人的，了不起的10．per cent n.     百分比11．destroy v.     破坏，毁掉12．survive v.     活下来，幸存13．effect n.     影响，结果Ⅰ.语境填空destroy，effect，survive，position，seek，eventually，professor，determine，whale，annual 1．The findings will have a great effect on the further research.2．The young graduates who want to get the position are waiting impatiently.3．Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.4．How you treat others will determine how you are treated.5．The annual growth suggests we have been making the correct decision.6．A whale is found stranded(搁浅)on the shallow beach near the city.7．The professor was making the speech when someone rushed into the room.8．It is really hard for the young people without experience to seek a job.9．If people keep polluting the ocean，no creature will survive in the long run.10．First，your behavior may destroy the future of your kids.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Any migration(migrate)of the creatures should be valued carefully.2．It was really amazing(amaze)to find the surprising ending of the film.3．The young man with determination (determine)is to achieve his dream.4．His only chance of survival(survive)was a heart transplant.5．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct solution(solve).6．Human activities have caused the great destruction(destroy)of the environment.7．Some effective(effect)measures should be taken to save the endangered animals.8. Eventually (eventual)，our short flight left me a very memorable impression.9．This is a chemical(chemistry)change，not a physical one.10．Their family get­together is held annually(annual)and has never stopped since it began.1．They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.他们发现黑脉金斑蝶可以分辨出一天的时刻。2．The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。3．Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.过去的几年里它(黑脉金斑蝶)的数量骤减了百分之九十。4．They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.人们砍伐树木，他们所使用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。5．If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能再次回升。名师圈点①from one place to another从一个地方到另一个地方②annual adj.一年一度的，每年的annual meeting 年会annual report 年度报告③seek v．寻找，寻求④in search of寻找⑤wonderful adj.令人惊奇的；令人赞叹的⑥insect n．昆虫⑦somehow adv.用某种方法；不知怎么地anyhow adv.无论如何⑧manage v．完成(困难的事)；勉力完成manage to do sth.设法做成某事⑨lead (led，led，leading)vt.掌管；领导；率领；过(某种生活)vi.导致；造成lead to...导致……⑩professor n．教授⑪measure v．量，测量⑫position n．位置⑬allow vt.允许allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事⑭determine v．测定，确定⑮eventually adv.终于；最终⑯solution n．答案；谜底；解决；解决方法a solution to...……的解决方法⑰amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的⑱population n．数量；人口⑲crash v．狂跌，暴跌 vi.& vt.(车)碰撞；(飞机)坠毁⑳per cent n．百分比(＝percent)fifty per cent百分之五十㉑destroy v．破坏；毁掉㉒cut down砍倒；减少㉓chemical n．化学品adj.化学的㉔behaviour n．行为；举止behave v．表现；表现得体behave oneself表现良好；行为良好㉕awareness n．认识；意识㉖creature n．生物；动物㉗survive vi.活下来；幸存 vt.幸存；幸免于难；艰难渡过原文呈现The Monarch's Journey1．Many animals move from one place to another① at certain times of the year.This annual② movement is called migration.They migrate to find food，seek③ a partner，or in search of 　④ warmer weather.One of the most wonderful⑤ migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly 【1】．【1】本句是简单句，句中的that作主语。指代的是one of the most wonderful migrations。2．Every autumn，millions of these beautiful insects⑥ with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey.Somehow⑦ they manage⑧ to travel around 4，000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico.However，until recently no one knew how they did this 【2】．【2】how they did this是how引导的宾语从句，作knew的宾语。3．A team of scientists led⑨ by Professor⑩ Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington 【3】has now found the answer.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.It uses its eyes to measure⑪the position⑫ of the sun.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow⑬ the butterfly to determine⑭ the way to go【4】．Eventually⑮，it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter 【5】．【3】led by...Washington 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰A team of scientists。因为A team of scientists和lead是逻辑上的动宾关系，故这里用过去分词。【4】本句中the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky 是information的同位语，where the sun is in the sky是where引导的定语从句，修饰the point。【5】where it will spend the winter是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，where 在从句中作地点状语。4．The solution⑯ to the mystery of the monarch's amazing⑰ ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble 【6】．Its population⑱ has crashed⑲ by as much as 90 per cent⑳ in the last few years.Sadly，human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling【7】．In many of the places where the butterfly can be found，people are destroying㉑ the natural environment.They cut down㉒ trees and use chemicals㉓ that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat 【8】．【6】when it is in serious trouble 是when引导的定语从句，when在句中作时间状语。【7】why the number of monarch butterflies is falling是why引导的定语从句，why在此从句中作原因状语。【8】that kill...eat是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词chemicals，that在该从句中作主语；其中“that monarch caterpillars eat”也是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词plants，that在该从句中作宾语。5．The research on the monarch's behaviour㉔ has however led to a greater awareness㉕ of this creature㉖.People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on.【9】If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive㉗ and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. 【10】【9】本句中have been working 是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，还可能延续下去。【10】The more...，the greater...是“the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级”句式，该句式表示“越……就越……。”译文参考黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙之旅1．许多动物会在一年中的某些时候从一个地方迁移到另一个地方，这种一年一度的迁移叫作迁徙。它们迁徙或为了寻找食物，或为了寻找伴侣，或为了寻找更温暖的天气。北美黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙是大自然中最为美妙的迁徙之一。2．每年秋天，数百万只黑脉金斑蝶会开始一段漫长而艰难的旅程。这些漂亮的昆虫翅膀上有着漂亮的黑色和橙色斑纹。不知怎么地，它们设法向南飞行大约4 000千米，前往加利福尼亚或墨西哥。但一直到最近，也没有人知道它们是如何做到的。3．华盛顿大学伊莱·席里哲曼教授领导的科学家(研究)小组现在已经找到了答案。他们发现黑脉金斑蝶可以分辨出一天的时刻。它用眼睛来测量太阳的方位。这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在空中的方位——让黑脉金斑蝶确定它的路线。最终它成功到达它过冬的地方。4．黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。过去的几年里，它(黑脉金斑蝶)的数量骤减了百分之九十。不幸的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正在破坏自然环境。人们砍伐树木，他们所使用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。5．不管怎样，对黑脉金斑蝶习性的研究让人们更多地了解了这种生物。人们已经共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能再次回升。我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存下来并在很长一段时间内保持它在自然界中的地位的可能性就越大。