Unit 4 泛读 技能初养成 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

阅读P44－45教材课文，选出最佳选项1．Where does this story happen?A．New York.　B．London.　C．Paris.　D．Tokyo.2．Why is the man with a scar on his face outside “Big Joe” Brady's?A．Because he wants to dine with Jimmy Wells.B．Because he and Jimmy Wells agreed to meet here twenty years ago.C．Because he is the boss of “Big Joe” Brady's.D．Because the police officer lets him do so.3．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A．The man with a scar on his face and Jimmy Wells are brothers.B．They used to dine here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's.C．The man with a scar on his face must have made his fortune.D．He is thirty­eight and Jimmy was forty.4．What is the writer's purpose in writing the story?A．To tell us a short story.B．To explain what real friendship is.C．To inform us how to make friends.D．To introduce where to make a fortune.[答案]　1－4　ABDAWords and Phrases　patience n.耐心(教材原句P42)two drops of patience...两滴耐心……[例]　He was a handsome young man with great patience and imagination.他是一个富有想象力和极大耐心的英俊年轻人。[知识拓展](1)with patience　 耐心地(2)patient adj.     耐心的n.     病人be patient with sb.     对某人有耐心[即学即练]　单句语法填空①My parents taught me to be an honest，patient (patience)and responsible person.②The doctor is patient with every one of her patients.③There was a queue of people waiting with patience for the bus to arrive.[小片段填空]Liu Fang is a nurse with great patience．She is well received by the patients she has attended to.She is patient with everyone around her.She always explains to the elder how to take the medicine patiently．(patient)　anxious  adj.焦虑的，不安的(教材原句P42)the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待时不焦急或不生气的能力[例]　If you are anxious all the time，it will be difficult for you to focus on your work.如果你一直焦虑不安，你就很难集中精力工作。[知识拓展](1)be anxious for/about... 为……担心(忧虑)be anxious for     渴望得到be anxious to do sth.     渴望/急于做某事(2)anxiously adv.     焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地anxiety n.     焦虑，忧虑，担心with anxiety     焦虑地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①We are anxious for the news of your safe arrival.②She is anxious to go (go)to college now，but anxious about/for not passing the College Entrance Examination.③Anxiously (anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit.[小片段填空]Jack can't help being anxious about his job interview.We can see his anxiety in his eyes and his behavior.He is eating his breakfast anxiously now.(anxious)　be set in以……为背景(教材原句P44)The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold，dark night.短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约的一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。 [例]　The movie is set in modern China of the year of 2000 to 2020.该电影以2000年到2020年的现代中国为背景。[知识拓展]set off　　 出发，动身；引发，激起；(使炸弹等)爆炸set out     动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；     开始，着手( ＋to do sth.)set up     设立；建立，创建；安排set aside     留出(钱或时间)；把……放到一旁[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The novel is set in a small town where the poor boy was born and brought up.②We set out to go (go)for a short holiday on the seaside city.③You had better set aside some money every month for your future use.[小片段填空]Yesterday we invited Mr. Smith to have lunch with us.He set off at 8 a．m.and my mother set out to prepare lunch at 10 a．m.When he arrived at about 11 a．m.，my mother had already finished the lunch.During the lunch，Mr. Smith told us that he set up a new company last year.He really set us a good example.　make one's fortune 发财；发迹(教材原句P44)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.我准备第二天早上动身前往西部发财。[例]　Many farmers abandoned the land and went to big cities to make their fortune.很多农民抛弃了土地，到大城市赚钱去了。[知识拓展](1)fortune n.　 [C]大笔的钱，巨款 [U]命运，运气；幸运seek one's fortune     寻找发迹的机会(2)unfortunate adj.     不幸的fortunate adj.     幸运的misfortune n.     不幸unfortunately adv.　 不幸地fortunately adv.     幸运地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The two brothers made a fortune by doing business with foreigners.②They are fortunate enough to work (work)with some brilliant directors.③Many young people went to seek their(they)fortune in Shanghai.[小片段填空]Unfortunately，we were stuck in the rain and couldn't find anyone to help us.At last we had to try our fortune to find a short cut.Fortunately we arrived home before dark.So we were also fortunate to some degree.(fortune)　distance　n.距离；远方；遥远；冷淡，疏远 vt.使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系(教材原句P44)Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.那天夜里我们约好：20 年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们还来这里会面，不管我们的境况如何，不管我们要从多远的地方来。[例]　My suggestion for you is that you should distance yourself from her.我给你的建议是你最好和她保持距离。[知识拓展](1)in the distance　 在远处at/from a distance     离一段距离；从远处at/from a distance of...  从……远的地方     (of后跟具体的距离)keep sb.at a distance  同某人疏远；对某人     冷淡；与某人保持一定距离keep one's distance(from...)     (与……)保持距离； 疏远，避免(与……)     亲近(2)distant adj.     遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的be distant from...  离……远[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The little boy threw the stone with all his strength but it didn't fall in the distance.②The newly­built tower can be seen from a distance of 40 miles.③She always kept everyone at a distance so few people knew more about her.④She was warned to keep her distance from the fierce dog if she didn't want to be bitten.[小片段填空]The poet can see the waterfall in the distance，whose sound can be heard at/from a distance of two miles.It looks quite beautiful at a distance.　turn up(意外地或终于)出现；开大，调高(音量等)；(尤指失去后偶然)被发现，被找到(教材原句P45)I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it if my old partner turns up.今晚我从千里之外的地方赶到这里，站在这个门口，只要我的老搭档露面，那也就不虚此行了。[例]　　I waited for an hour but he didn't turn up.我等了一个小时但他没有露面。[知识拓展]turn down　 拒绝；把……调低turn around     转身；翻转turn on/off     打开/关掉 turn over     翻身，翻转；移交[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Tom had to turn down the suggestion and disappointed his best friend.②I turned around and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.③After finishing her homework，she turned off  the computer.　appointed  adj.约定的，指定的(教材原句P46)I was at the appointed place on time.我按时到达了约定的地方。[例]　She arrived at the appointed time but her friend didn't.她在约定的时间到达了但是她朋友没到。[知识拓展](1)appoint vt.　 安排，确定(时间、地点)；     任命，委任appoint sb.(as)    任命某人担任某职务appoint sb.to sth.     把某人任命到某职位appoint sb.to do sth.  委派某人做某事(2)appointment n.     任命have an appointment with sb.     与某人有约定[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The appointed(appoint)time of the opening ceremony can't be changed.②She was appointed as director of this new department.③They appointed her to take (take)care of that old man.[小片段填空]Tom had made an appointment with the manager a week ago.Tom arrived at the appointed place，while the manager broke the appointment for some reason.Later，Tom was appointed as manager.(appoint)　strike (struck，struck striking)vt.划(火柴)；敲，报时；打，击；爆发；给……印象；打动，把……迷住；突然想到；罢工(教材原句P46)When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.当你划火柴点烟的时候，我看出你就是芝加哥警方在通缉的那个人。[例]　The poor little girl struck the last match to warm herself.可怜的小女孩点燃了最后一根火柴来取暖。[知识拓展]strike sb.＋ 介词 ＋ the ＋ 身体部位 击打某人某处be struck by　　 被……打动sth.strikes sb.     某人突然想到……It strikes sb.that/how/what/... 某人突然想到……[即学即练]　单句语法填空①A snowball struck him on the back of the head.②I was struck (strike)by the beautiful scene in front of me.③It struck me that I could ask the police for help.　scene n.场景；现场；景色(教材原句P46)Think about what happened in each of the three scenes，using the information you have already read in the story.利用你在故事中已经读到的信息，想想这三个场景中的每一个场景发生了什么。[例]　The scene of the film The Million Pound Bank Note is set in England.《百万英镑》这部电影的场景是在英国。[知识拓展]on the scene　　　 在场，出现，到场，当场behind the scenes   在幕后，暗中[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Though he is an ordinary man working behind the scenes，he does extraordinary things.②Watching the match from TV cannot be compared with watching the match on the scene.③The scene where she meets Joe's girlfriend might be the funniest thing you see.Sentence Patterns　be to do sth. 按照计划将要做某事(教材原句P44)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.我准备第二天早上动身前往西部发财。句式分析：be to do sth.此处表示按照计划或者根据安排将要做某事。be to do 结构作谓语时通常有四层意思：①表示对将来的计划或安排； ②表示上级对下级或者长辈对晚辈的指示或命令；③表示事物发展的必然趋势。④表示虚拟假设。[例1]　We are to hold a party at this weekend.这个周末我们计划举办一场晚会。[例2]　You are to finish your homework before watching TV.你看电视前必须先把作业做完了。[知识拓展]在英语中表示“将来”的句式还有：(1)be going to do 计划或打算做某事(2)be about to do即将做某事(不能和时间状语连用)(3)be doing 表将来(仅限于少数动词：come，go，fly，take，leave，stay等。)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He was about to go (go)to bed when he heard a loud noise.②Look at the timetable.Hurry up！The train 3315 is leaving (leave)the station.③No one is to leave (leave)the building without the permission of the police.　have sth.done让/叫/使/请别人做某事(教材原句P44)We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be.我们认为二十年后，我们俩应该有各自的命运，也应该各自都发了财，不管它们将会是什么。句式分析：have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，destiny与work out为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。[例1]　I want to have my eyes examined tomorrow.我明天想去检查眼睛。[例2]　My cell phone is out of order.I must have it repaired.我的手机出故障了，我必须找人修理一下。[知识拓展](1)该结构中，have为使役动词，sth.为宾语，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，宾语sth.与done 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做。此时have可用get替换。(3)有时它还可表示“遭遇/经历某种不幸的事(此事违背主语的意愿)”。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Richard got very upset and had his arms crossed(cross)after hearing the sad news.②As the winner，John will receive a new Nikon camera and $1，000 in cash，and he'll have his photo shown (show)on the front page of the newspaper.③Be careful，or you'll have your hands hurt (hurt).段落大意题要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。[例题剖析]These days，in the UK at least，the nature of childhood has changed greatly.Firstly，families are smaller，and there are far more only children.It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isn't time to bring up a large family，or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child.As a result，today's boys and girls spend much of their time alone.Another major change is that youngsters today prefer to spend most of their free time at home，inside.More than anything this is because of the fact that parents worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dangers，so they wouldn't dream of letting their children play outside by themselves.　What does the paragraph mainly talk about?A．The hard time of the UK family.B．The difficulties in raising children.C．The most challenging thing for parents.D．The reason why childhood has changed.D　[段落大意题。根据本段中的“Firstly，families are smaller”及“Another major change is that youngsters today prefer to spend most of their free time at home”可知，该段主要描述了当代孩子们的童年所发生的变化。][即学即练]快速阅读并确定下面段落大意题的答案During the rosy years of elementary school(小学)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes，breaking rules and playing jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well­explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers.The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jump­start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior....What is the second paragraph mainly about?A．The classification of the popular.B．The characteristics of adolescents.C．The importance of interpersonal skills.D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.A　[段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句“Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.”可知，受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。接着该段分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的人的分类，故选A。]