Unit 3 泛读 技能初养成 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

阅读P32－33教材课文，选出最佳选项1．When did the story take place?A．In the Olympic Games.B．In the 2016 World Triathlon Series.C．In the World Championship.D．In a marathon.2．What's Alistair's choice?A．To help his brother.B．To win the game.C．To find a doctor.D．To rush his brother to the hospital.3．Alistair agrees that ________．A．having a brother is a disadvantageB．having a brother is an advantageC．we should always help othersD．winning a race is the most important4．We can infer from the passage that ________．A．Alistair was in the lead when his brother was about to fallB．Alistair was younger than his brotherC．Alistair may have won the raceD．Alistair thought what he did was wrong[答案]　1－4　BABCWords and Phrases　aim v.力求达到；瞄准；对准；旨在n.目标，目的(教材原句P31)It aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.其旨在加深人们对家庭相关事情的理解。[例]　We aim to finish the work by Friday.我们力争在周五之前完成这项工作。[知识拓展](1)take aim at sth.　 瞄准……；对准……with the aim of...     目的是……(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing)sth. 瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事aim to do sth.     目标是做某事(3)aimless adj.     无目标的；无计划的aimlessly adv.     漫无目的地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The hunter took aim at the birds and fired.Fortunately，the birds were just frightened and escaped soon.②The new project aims to help(help)students who are seeking for a challenging career.③Don't surf the Internet aimlessly (aim).Let's focus on what you want most.④They're aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.[小片段填空]I'm aiming to lose 5 kg before the summer holidays.I think my aim is easy to reach.Every meal I eat with the aim of losing weight and dare not to eat more.Sometimes I find myself aimless(aim)without a practical planning.　(教材原句P31)With a different theme each year，the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local，national and international levels.一年一个主题，人们举行很多当地的、全国性的乃至国际标准的活动来庆祝这一天。(1)observe v.庆祝，过(节日、生日等)；观察；注意到；遵守[例]　Mid­Autumn Day is observed as a national holiday by Chinese people.中秋节是中国人庆祝的国家级别的假日。[知识拓展]observe sb.do sth.　　 观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth.     注意到某人正在做某事observe sb./sth.done     观察到……被……observation n.     观察；观测；监视；评论[即学即练]　单句语法填空①She observed a man climbing (climb)onto the building when she was standing there.②They were observed to enter (enter)the bank during the midnight.③The study was based on observation(observe)of a group of 20 patients.[小片段填空]You should observe the traffic rules when you are on the road.You are expected to carefully observe the vehicle passing (pass)before crossing the street.(2)range n.一系列；范围；射程；山脉vi.变化[例]　There are a wide range of books in the library.这个图书馆里有各种各样的书。[知识拓展]a wide range of　　　 一系列的；大范围的beyond/out of range     超出……的范围 range from...to...     在……和……之间变化[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The little girl has a wide range of interests.②The prices of goods of this shop range from ￥0.5 to ￥10.③His theory was beyond range of human understanding at that time.　apologise v.道歉(教材原句P31)Later，on the phone she apologised and explained that she was busy with work because someone was off sick.后来，她在电话里道歉并解释说，她工作很忙是因为有人请了病假。[例]　If you're late for the work，you should apologise to the people in charge.如果你上班迟到了，你应该向主管的人道歉。[知识拓展](1)apologise vi.　 道歉apologise for sth.     因某事道歉apologise to sb.for (doing)sth. 因(做了)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n.     道歉，谢罪accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing)sth.     因(做)某事而向某人道歉[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He made an apology to me for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.②I'm afraid she's still angry and refuses to accept(accept)my apology.③I made an apology to her for breaking her new vase.　(教材原句P32)judge v.认为，判断；断定n.裁判员；法官[例]　You must judge a person by his actions，not by what he says.你判断人应根据其行动，不应根据他所说的话。[知识拓展](1)judge...from/by...　　 从……来判断judge between right and wrong  判断是非as far as I can judge     据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from     从……上看；根据……判断[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Judging (judge)from his accent，he must be from the south.②All the judges(judge)agreed that your speech was the best one this year.[小片段填空]Judging from his clothes，he must be a middle school student.He didn't feel afraid in front of all the judges in court.He expressed his requirements clearly.As far as I can judge，he will be the winner of the case.(judge)　detail n.细节，细微之处vt.详述，详细说明(教材原句P32)Features are written in an individual style，with extra detail and background.特写是用一种独特的风格写的，带有额外的细节和背景。[例]　Our teacher planned our vacation down to the smallest detail.我们的老师把我们度假的事情安排得极为细致周到。[知识拓展](1)in detail　　　　 详细地go into detail(s)　     详述for further details　　  欲知详情(2)detailed adj.     详细的；详尽的[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①You don't have to write down everything in detail.②Some buildings are known for their artistic beauty，some for their detailed (detail)design，and others for their architects' imagination.③简要地告诉我所发生的事情，不要详述。Tell me what happened in a few words，and don't go into detail(s)．　contain vt.包含，含有；容纳(教材原句P32)The middle part contains the “meat” of the story，with the ending being a summary，a powerful quote or even a surprise for the reader.中间部分是故事的“肉”，结尾是一个总结，一句有力的引言，甚至是给读者的一个惊喜。[例]　This book contains all the information you need.这本书包含你所需要的一切信息。[知识拓展](1)contain“包含，含有”，侧重于“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时态。(2)include“包括”，侧重于被包含者只是整体中的一部分。include 常以including(名词/代词前)或included(名词/代词后)的形式出现。[即学即练]　选词填空(contain/include)①There are three boxes in the room，including a red one，which contains ten books.②This kind of fruit contains lots of vitamins，vitamin D included．　in the lead 领先(教材原句P32)With just 700 metres to go，Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother，Jonny，was in the lead.离终点只有700米了，阿利斯泰尔·布朗利名列第三，他的弟弟约翰尼领先。[例]　At first，our class were in the lead，but the second class gradually caught up with us.本来我们班一直领先，可是后来第二名的班级慢慢赶上来了。[知识拓展](1)take the lead(in doing sth.) 带头(做某事)play the lead     演主角(2)lead to     导致；造成(后果)；     通向lead sb.to do sth.     使某人做某事lead/live a(n)...life     过……样的生活[即学即练]　单句语法填空①What was it that led you to say (say)that?②If I could relive my life，I would lead quite a different life，leaving less regrets.③Your laziness will finally lead to failing (fail)the exam.④She was in the lead from start to finish.[小片段填空]The tall man in the first lane is in the lead now.He is leading a happy life in his own farm.He believes that all roads lead to Rome.His farm will lead him to achieve his dream.　despite prep.尽管；不管(教材原句P33)Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then，Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage.尽管时不时地为一些“愚蠢的事情”争吵，阿利斯泰尔认为有一个兄弟是一个好事。[例]　Despite their many differences，all the human beings share several defining characteristics，such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.尽管他们有很多差别，所有的人还是有一些共同点，如很大的脑和两条腿直立行走的能力。[知识拓展]despite ＝in spite of　　 尽管；不管despite/in spite of the fact that...＝ although/though...   尽管……regardless of      不管；不顾[即学即练]　单句语法填空①In spite of all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances.② Despite the fact that she wanted to see him，she turned down his invitation.Sentence Patterns　过去分词(短语)作状语(教材原句P33)Watched by millions，the ending to the race has divided opinions：should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions?有数百万人目睹了这场比赛的结局，但对其却是众说纷纭：兄弟二人是应该因他们的行为被取消比赛资格，还是应该被高度赞扬？句式分析：过去分词(短语)作状语时可以表示让步、条件、方式、原因、时间、伴随，表示方式或伴随时一般可转换为并列分句，其他情况下通常可转换为相应的状语从句。[例1]　Given twenty more minutes，I'll finish the task better.再给二十分钟的时间，我就会把这份工作完成得更好。[例2]　Asked about the traffic accident，the young lady kept talking for about half an hour.当被问及那起交通事故时，这位年轻的女士讲述了大约半个小时。[知识拓展]过去分词作状语时，构成分词的动词与分词的逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，且过去分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Ordinary soap，used (use)correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively(有效地).②Raised(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.③Ordered(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.　be＋adj.＋动词不定式(教材原句P33)But for Alistair，his decision was easy to explain：“Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.”但对阿利斯泰尔来说，他的决定很容易解释：“如果我把约翰尼落下，妈妈是不会高兴的。” 句式分析：该句型是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中his decision和及物动词explain构成动宾关系。在该句型中常常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，comfortable等。[例1]　This second­hand machine is very hard to start.这台二手的机器启动起来有点费劲。[例2]　The voice of the little boy is pleasant to hear.小男孩的嗓音听起来很悦耳。[知识拓展](1)在上面结构中，动词不定式和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He's easy to get along with．②The bike was too heavy and difficult to control(control).词义猜测题词义猜测题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。要做好词义猜测题，必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心。还要学会根据上下文语意进行合理推测。[例题剖析](2020·全国卷Ⅰ·B·节选)While I tend to buy a lot of books，these three were given to me as gifts，which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember，it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.26．What does the underlined word “currency” in the paragraph refer to?A．Debt.　 B．Reward.C．Allowance.     D．Face value.B　[词义猜测题。根据本段落中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。][即学即练]快速阅读并确定下面词义猜测题的答案For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn.The 8­year­old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “­ld”，a pronunciation difficulty for many non­native English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.What does the underlined word“stumbles” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Improper pauses.   B．Bad manners.C．Spelling mistakes.   D．Silly jokes.[答案]　A